First, the impact of qualifications on construction enterprises
Qualification is qualification and quality. Qualification system refers to a system in which the construction administrative department examines the personnel quality, management level, amount of funds and business ability of construction enterprises, survey and design units and engineering supervision units engaged in construction activities to confirm their task scope and issue corresponding qualification certificates. As one of the key factors that determine the competitiveness of enterprises and affect the development fate of enterprises, qualifications should be highly valued by enterprises.
(A) the impact on the competitive strategy of enterprises
Environment, construction ability, past performance, enterprise reputation, personnel status, management level, quotation level and financial ability are all factors that affect the competitiveness of enterprises, and qualification is one of the important indicators to measure these standards. The level and category of qualifications are directly related to the rise and fall of enterprises. Qualification management brings a sense of crisis to enterprises, which makes enterprises always pay attention to improving the comprehensive strength of personnel quality, management level, technical ability and engineering quality. If the qualification is downgraded, the enterprise will also face a crisis of survival.
(B) the impact on the enterprise organization
At present, the single industrial structure leads to the weak core competitiveness and comprehensive strength of construction enterprises. Due to investment orientation and industrial barriers, the industrial structure of construction enterprises is flat, and only low-level repeated competition is carried out in simple civil engineering, so it is difficult to improve the economic benefits and comprehensive strength of enterprises no matter how large the scale of operation is.
Through qualification management, enterprises set up branches or subsidiaries according to different qualification categories, straighten out the relationship between parent and subsidiary companies, optimize the elements of resource allocation, organize dominant enterprises, high-quality assets and outstanding talents to make key breakthroughs, and form a reasonable industrial structure, thus forming a diversified, international and strategic business pattern.
(C) the impact on enterprise management
Enterprises undertaking construction tasks should go to the construction market to collect information, display corporate image and participate in bidding competition activities. As the "admission ticket" of bidding activities, only by it can we engage in related activities and bid for projects in its permitted industries and scope. The level, category and scope of qualification are related to the competitive position and ability of enterprises in the construction market, which directly affects the business performance of enterprises, thus having a great impact on the survival and development of enterprises. In order to improve business development, production output value, profit and other business indicators, it is necessary to strengthen qualification management according to the strength of enterprises and social needs.
Second, the qualification management under the new situation
(A) the background of introducing new qualifications
1. Adapt to the needs of the situation after China's accession to the WTO.
After China joined the WTO, as promised, the transition period in the field of construction project contracting has ended, international contractors and international investment enterprises have entered the China market, and many foreign general contracting and design companies have made huge profits and high returns in the upstream and high-end markets of China's construction industry, while the low-end markets have been completed by China enterprises. If the status quo is not changed, it will endanger the position of the construction industry as a pillar industry of the national economy.
2. The necessity of accelerating scientific and technological innovation
In today's construction market, the competition among enterprises is largely manifested in the competition of scientific and technological level, and technological innovation is an inexhaustible motive force for the development of enterprises. The Regulations on Qualification Management regards scientific and technological innovation as a new measure, and requires construction enterprises to take promoting scientific and technological progress as a very important task. Through scientific research and development, technology introduction and project research, the construction technology is improved, the construction level is improved, and the technical content of construction production is improved by popularizing and applying new technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipment, thus improving the competitive strength of enterprises.
(B) the difference between the old and new qualification management regulations
The old qualifications focused on structural adjustment and emphasized centralized management. The new qualification emphasizes the rationalization of relations, proper decentralization, dynamic management and strengthening supervision. The new qualification focuses on guiding technological innovation and progress of enterprises; Pay attention to guiding enterprises to develop across industries; Pay attention to guiding enterprises to become bigger and stronger and develop in the direction of general contracting.
1. From paying attention to capital to paying attention to credit.
The original standard puts forward quantitative requirements for registered capital, net assets and project settlement income. In the "new standard", the business tax and credit line indicators for the past three years have been added, and the original project settlement income indicators have been deleted. It can be seen that the "new standard" pays more attention to assessing the credit standing, capital strength and financing ability of enterprises. Guide enterprises to strengthen financial management, pay attention to capital operation, expand financing channels, and improve enterprise vitality.
2. Personnel change from attaching importance to quantity to attaching importance to quality.
In the original standard, there are only specific requirements for the number of years and titles of enterprise leaders engaged in management and the number of engineering, technical and economic managers and project managers with professional titles. The "new standard" not only requires the number of years and titles of leaders, but also requires performance; The chief engineer and chief accountant shall have relevant registration qualifications; Put forward quantitative indicators for registered architects; There are also specific regulations on the structure of professionals. It can be seen that the national policy intends to guide super-first-class construction enterprises to take the road of general contracting.
3. From attaching importance to mechanical equipment to attaching importance to scientific and technological progress
The "Original Standard" requires construction machinery and quality inspection equipment suitable for the scope of contracted projects, and some majors have made a detailed description of the name, model, specification and quantity of their own equipment. However, the "new standard" weakens the requirements for equipment, does not specify the type and quantity of equipment, but emphasizes the scientific and technological level as an important assessment index.
4. Engineering performance standards have been further improved.
The "new standard" has appropriately raised the standard of representative projects. For example, according to the requirements of the new special railway standard, in recent 10 years, the first-class railway trunk line with a length of more than 300 kilometers (the original standard was 100 kilometers) or the comprehensive railway passenger dedicated line with a length of more than 100 kilometers (not specified before) was undertaken, and two tunnels with a length of more than 3,000 meters were undertaken (the original standard was10)
5. Adjustment of business scope of construction enterprises.
In the "New Standard", cross-industry contracting projects are appropriately liberalized, and it is stipulated for super-grade enterprises that enterprises that have obtained any 1 super-grade construction general contracting qualification, of which Grade 2 is Grade 1 construction general contracting qualification, can undertake general contracting, design and carry out general contracting, project management business and other corresponding businesses of all levels in this category; Enterprises that have obtained any 65,438+0 special-grade general contracting qualification and two first-class general contracting qualifications in the fields of construction, mining, smelting, petrochemical industry and electric power. Can undertake the general contracting of the above-mentioned professional projects and other corresponding businesses. The adjustment of the scope is intended to guide the diversified development of large enterprises and encourage enterprises to undertake projects across industries. The lower limit of contracting is to avoid competition with general enterprises and leave some living space for enterprises with low qualifications.
6 qualification acceptance departments and reporting channels have changed.
The examination, approval and supervision of the qualification in the "New Standard" were assigned to the competent construction department of the State Council; Competent departments of the people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; The competent department of the Municipal People's Government has three levels. The examination and approval authority of qualifications at all levels is specified in detail, and there are specific requirements for majors such as water conservancy, transportation, information industry, railway, civil aviation, highway transportation and urban rail. Detailed provisions have been made on filing and changing business.
7. Stricter supervision and management
In the "Original Standard", the administrative department implements the annual inspection system of qualification, and determines whether the enterprise meets the qualification grade standard through the annual inspection, and whether there are violations of laws and regulations in terms of quality, safety and market. The annual inspection is divided into three types: qualified, basically qualified and unqualified. It is stipulated that you can apply for upgrading if you pass the annual inspection for three consecutive years, and the certificate that did not participate in the annual inspection will automatically become invalid, and you may not re-apply for qualification within 1 year. For the degraded qualification, the original qualification can only be reapplied after rectification in 1 year.
The "new standard" requires the higher-level construction authorities to strengthen supervision and inspection of the lower-level competent authorities, promptly correct illegal acts, and have the right to ask the inspected units to provide relevant information or enter the inspected units for inspection when performing supervision and inspection duties. The "new regulations" strengthen the supervision function, require enterprises to provide more detailed information, strengthen control, implement social supervision mechanism and strengthen dynamic management.
8. Other aspects
The "new standard" changes "punishment" to "legal responsibility", and on the basis of the original punishment, it also increases the legal responsibility of qualification management departments and enterprises. Supervise from the beginning of qualification declaration, emphasize the establishment of enterprise credit files, and take punishment measures such as revocation of qualification, fine, confiscation of illegal income and demotion. For illegal acts, increase penalties. The facts, reasons and basis of punishment shall be reported to the competent department of the State Council for the record. The qualification certificate in the "new standard" is valid for 5 years, while the "original standard" implements the annual inspection system.
The "new standard" has added many favorable factors, such as: for enterprises that apply for qualifications for the first time and add projects, the project performance is not assessed, and it is approved according to the lowest level, and the qualification upgrade is not limited by the number of years. Enterprises that have obtained the general contracting qualification can undertake professional contracting projects without applying for the qualifications of various professional contracting categories within the general contracting qualification scope. There are special documents to standardize and refine the enterprises undergoing restructuring, merger and reorganization. These regulations are more feasible, operational and reasonable, and are more conducive to the practical work of qualification management.
In a word, qualification management has entered a dynamic and informational era, and regulations and standards are stricter, more standardized and more scientific. Construction enterprises should conform to the requirements of social development, give full play to their own characteristics and advantages, improve the management mechanism, establish a high-quality team, improve the level of technical equipment, improve the level of information management and financial management, establish a good reputation, improve and standardize the internal qualification level and management level of enterprises, ensure the market access of enterprises and better adapt to the development of the construction market.
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