1, the upper and lower couplets must have the same number of words.
2. antithesis is the same part of speech.
3. it's flat. The suffix of the upper couplet is disyllabic (rising and falling), and the suffix of the lower couplet is flat (Yin Ping and Yang Ping).
Second, the content features:
1, Spring Festival couplets are mostly about expressing feelings, hoping for good luck and good luck in a year, which means welcoming the new year and praising the prosperous times.
2. The language of Spring Festival couplets is generally relaxed and cheerful, full of joy. Red and auspicious words add a happy atmosphere to Pingping.
Third, the basic requirements of Spring Festival couplets
1, the sentences are equal
Spring Festival couplets are not limited to the number of words and sentences. There are four-character couplets, five-character couplets, seven-character couplets and eleven-character couplets. The so-called several-character couplet means that a couplet consists of several characters. Like four-character couplets, the upper and lower couplets are all composed of four characters. If the Spring Festival couplets are long, and the single couplets may be divided into two or more sentences instead of one, then the upper and lower couplets should be consistent, and the upper couplet should not be one sentence, and the lower couplet should be two sentences.
2. Part of speech is equivalent
Spring Festival couplets require that the parts of speech of the words or phrases corresponding to the upper and lower couplets should be relatively consistent, or as consistent as possible. To understand the flexible functions of Chinese word classes, adjectives can be used flexibly as verbs, and verbs can sometimes be used flexibly as adjectives. Modern Chinese can be divided into content words and function words. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and quantifiers, while function words include adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliary words, exclamations and modal particles. Then the parts of speech of the words in the corresponding positions of the upper and lower couplet should be the same, that is, noun to noun, verb to verb, adverb to adverb, and so on.
3, the structure is commensurate
The upper and lower conjunctions must take care of each other and be symmetrical in syntactic structure. A sentence in modern Chinese consists of six components: subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial and complement. The sentence structure of a single sentence is divided into subject-predicate type, subject-predicate object type, unowned sentence type, pregnant sentence type, inverted sentence type and single sentence type.
4. Rhythm correspondence
The so-called rhythm mainly refers to the pause or intermission of a sentence on syllables, such as "bright moon/pine room/photo", and its rhythm is "22 1". The Spring Festival couplets aim to show a harmonious sense of rhythm and musical beauty through regular pauses and rhythm changes in couplets. So the rhythm (including rhythm and semantics) between the upper and lower couplets should be consistent or corresponding, that is, as consistent as possible.
5. On the contrary.
On the contrary, when creating Spring Festival couplets, we should pay attention to the duality of the upper and lower couplets, and demand the level opposition, that is, the level opposition, in order to achieve the aesthetic effect of relative yin and yang and harmonious phonology.
Extended data:
taboo
In the creative practice of Spring Festival couplets, intentional or unintentional violations of laws and regulations are common, so the following three "taboos" are put forward:
One is to avoid crossing your hands. The meaning of couplets should be avoided as much as possible. For example, Shenzhou is not suitable for China and Qian Qiu is not suitable for Bandai.
The second is to avoid irregular repetitive words in the upper and lower links. The regular repetition of words is a good rhetorical device in the creation of Spring Festival couplets, which can enhance the expressive force. Of course there are exceptions. For example, function words such as "zhi", "Hu", "zhe" and "ye" are allowed in the upper and lower couplets of Spring Festival couplets.
The third is to avoid the distinction between strength and weakness. After the alliance, we should pay attention to the momentum matching between the upper and lower alliances and achieve the same weight. If the upper couplet is full of enthusiasm and the lower couplet is weak, it is "anticlimactic", which is a taboo for writing couplets.
References:
Spring Festival couplets-Baidu Encyclopedia