1. environment
Environment is not only the primary factor for enterprises to formulate strategies, but also an important factor affecting organizational design. Generally speaking, in a stable environment, mechanized organization is more conducive to the development of enterprises; In an uncertain environment, organic organizations are more suitable for the strategic development goals of enterprises because of their flexibility.
2. Strategy
Strategy is a kind of competition and change behavior taken by an organization to seek long-term survival and development on the basis of making full use of its own advantages and avoiding disadvantages.
3. Technology
The influence of technology on organizational structure is beyond doubt. Joan Woodward, a management scientist, believes that successful enterprises are those that can adopt appropriate structural arrangements according to technical requirements. She believes that there is the following relationship between organizational structure characteristics and technology types.
4. Organizational scale
The scale of an organization has obvious influence on its structure. Compared with small organizations, large organizations have higher degree of specialization, more complicated horizontal and vertical differentiation and more rules and regulations.
5. Organizational life cycle
Larry Calina, a professor at Harvard Business School, believes that enterprises enter five stages with growth and time evolution: initial stage, growth stage, standardization stage, expansion stage and innovation stage.
Therefore, when designing the organizational structure, managers should first define the development stage and crisis of the enterprise, and then establish the corresponding organizational structure to continuously break through the bottleneck of development.
Principles of organizational structure design
1. Principle of consistency between structure and target
The organizational structure of enterprise design must be based on the realization of organizational goals. Organizations exist to achieve certain goals, and organizations and every part of organizations should be related to organizational goals. The design and adjustment of organizational structure should be based on whether it is conducive to achieving organizational goals.
Therefore, when designing an organization, enterprises should design their posts with work as the center, so as to establish institutions and equip relevant personnel.
2. The principle of interaction between management scope and organizational level.
The organization level depends on the organization size and management scope, and is inversely proportional to the organization size, and inversely proportional to the management scope when the organization size is determined. In other words, the more subordinates each manager directly governs, the fewer organizational levels there are.
3. The principle of equality of rights and responsibilities
Authority is the glue that unites organizations closely, and responsibility is the restriction on the use of power. Equivalence of power and responsibility is the basic guarantee for the normal operation of the organization-having power and no responsibility is likely to lead to blind command, and having responsibility and no power will seriously dampen the enthusiasm of employees.
4. The principle of combining concentration with dispersed phase
Centralization means that the management authority of enterprise organization production and operation is concentrated in the hands of the top managers of the organization, while decentralization is a state of decentralization of the organization, and the top managers disperse power through systematic authorization. There are three forms of authority: linear authority, staff authority and functional authority.
5. The principle of rational division of labor among departments
The rational division of departments, also called departmentalization, refers to the process of arranging activities in an organization according to certain logic and dividing it into several management units.
6. Unified command principle
The principle of unified command is based on a clear power system, and its basic purpose and requirement is to ensure the smooth implementation of government decrees and improve efficiency. In order to realize this principle, organizations should pay attention to keep the information channels unblocked and avoid the phenomenon of multi-head leadership and leapfrog command.