The first step of Hongshan Culture jade collection method is to know Hongshan jade. To know Hongshan jade, we should start with the standard instruments of official archaeological excavations, mainly going to the exhibition halls of museums and archaeological institutes. If possible, it is best to observe archaeological excavations directly. At this stage, you can refer to the official background information. If you have dealt with Hongshan jade in the market before, you must clear all the memories of Hongshan jade in your mind and start from scratch before contacting the museum. Don't underestimate the process of going to the museum to see the real thing. The purpose of this process is to establish a real initial perceptual knowledge of Hongshan jade, such as the texture of jade materials, the characteristics of process traces, as well as the light sensation and various oozes on the surface of utensils. Only by recognizing the true meaning of Hongshan jade can we talk about how to identify Hongshan jade in the next step.
The appraisal stage of Hongshan jade is a process of rationalizing the perceptual knowledge of Hongshan jade, mainly based on the collection, analyzing and summarizing the typical characteristics of Hongshan jade, and repeatedly judging and practicing various collections. At the same time, it is necessary to do some research work on the imitation market. If we can easily distinguish between middle and low-grade imitations and imitations, and can point out the basis of discrimination, it shows that our eyesight has begun to take shape. Then, you can go to the stalls in the antique market or antique shops to find some medium-high imitation Hongshan jade articles for further practice and study. At this stage, it is very important to learn the circle of communication, and it is very important to communicate with friends who really collect genuine Hongshan jade, which has a very important impact on improving their identification ability.
When you have a certain recognition ability, you can enter the primary collection stage. The collection stage begins with the specimen. What is a specimen? The specimen can fully reflect the characteristics of Hongshan jade. It can be an axe, jade, dagger and other complete elements, or it can be fragments of various Hongshan jade. Don't underestimate the broken pieces, because the broken pieces are often more convenient to understand Hongshan jade, and even find the information that is difficult to convey in the whole piece. For example, it is easier to observe the processing marks of the jade mouth by cutting off the jade, and it is easier to observe the drilling characteristics of the hole by cutting off the jade with holes. As a specimen-level jade, if you can really understand it, they will tell you a lot about the texture, technology, soft mud, crust, patina and so on of Hongshan jade, and even figure out many problems through destructive experiments. Every Tibetan friend who wants to collect real Hongshan jade is destined to have this process, and studying specimens is an insurmountable stage in Hongshan jade identification and learning.
If we can successfully pass this stage of specimen collection, we can start collecting typical Hongshan jade articles. Tibetan friends can first consider choosing one of the imitation tools and decorative Hongshan jade for special collection. If you are lucky, you can meet Hongshan jades with animals and human figures, and you can also selectively collect them properly without violating relevant national laws and regulations. When the collection has formed a certain scale and the eyesight has been tested, more collections will be carried out. At this point, how far each Tibetan friend can go on the road of Hongshan jade collection depends on his own nature. It is worth noting that Hongshan jade collection should always abide by two iron laws. The first is to buy only what you can understand. Many rich collectors think that silver can be used to pave the way, and they can quickly enter the field of Hongshan jade collection by entrusting people to palm their eyes or looking for informants. However, in the actual collection, it is inevitable to be assassinated repeatedly and pay a painful price. Because all kinds of people in antique trading are diverse and their interests are complicated, only by cultivating a pair of critical eyes and collecting what they can understand can we continuously and actively acquire new knowledge and make by going up one flight of stairs on the collection of Hongshan jade. ? Abstain from greed? Is the second iron law that must be followed at any time in Hongshan jade collection confusing you? It is the best interpretation of this iron law. Many Tibetan friends are often insatiable, getting deeper and deeper in the trap they dig, and even breaking the criminal law, going to the extreme contrary to the collection.
At present, Hongshan jadeite reaching a certain grade in the collection market is very rare. For most Tibetan friends, it is very hard to collect real Hongshan jadeite, especially the high-grade Hongshan jadeite, which is hard to meet. In view of the present situation of Hongshan jade's collection like gold panning in the sand, the author constructively puts forward an intangible collection method, namely Hongshan jade's spiritual collection. The so-called spiritual collection has two meanings. One is the spiritual collection of culture itself, to truly understand and appreciate the spiritual world of Hongshan jade and its cultural connotation. This understanding of Hongshan Culture itself is often not understood by many collectors who own genuine Hongshan jade. The other layer is the spiritual transformation of physical collection, that is, weakening physical collection and strengthening the so-called spiritual level? Heart hidden? Like an ancestor of Liaoning who loves Hongshan jade, he often goes to the Hongshan jade exhibition hall of Liaoning Provincial Museum and carefully ponders every collection through the showcase. Whenever he leaves, he will look around Hongshan jade with a little relief, and then say to himself: so many exquisite Hongshan jade articles are all mine. For the convenience and safety of experts' research, I'd better leave them in Liao Bo first! ? Then he left, found a restaurant, and continued to indulge in the imagination of the first Hongshan jade collector in the world? Do you think this sounds a little crazy? In fact, it only embodies several characteristics of Hongshan culture jade spirit collection: cultivate your own state of mind, save money and investment, and indirectly reduce the damage of tomb robbery to Hongshan jade. Why not? Actually, this kind? Jade in your heart and jade in your hand? For most Tibetan friends, the Tibetan mentality is a realistic choice that conforms to the objective situation of Hongshan culture jade collection today, and it is also the ultimate spiritual destination of many Hongshan jade super collectors.
After thousands of years of ups and downs, Hongshan Culture has been buried by vicissitudes for nearly five thousand years. When we unveil its mystery today and face the glory of jade civilization five thousand years ago, the joy of discovery is far less than the indescribable shock we feel. But it may be because it has brought too many temptations to our impetuous society, especially when we see that fake Hongshan jade is rampant in the collection field now. Too many utilitarian characters are disturbing the audience, taking turns to speculate, and the world has fallen into the wait-and-see and confusion of staying away from Hongshan Culture, which really makes us deeply feel how difficult it is to communicate with the ancestors of Hongshan. In the face of such a sinister collection of Jianghu, I sincerely hope that there will be more people with lofty ideals who really care about Hongshan Culture, and * * * will strive to present a real Hongshan world to the world, so that the folk collection of Hongshan culture jade can also be found? The mountains and rivers of the motherland are all red? Washing away the baptism in the fanaticism, I felt the origin of jade and showed the true colors of Hongshan, which is the so-called culture.
Is the collection prospect of Hongshan culture jade 5,500 years ago? In 5000, it is the most representative cultural site in the Neolithic Age in northern China. There are three kinds of jade materials used in Hongshan culture jade: mainly xiuyan jade, dark green jade similar to Manas jade in Xinjiang and jade known as? Old Xiuyu? Kuandian jade. Typical topaz is extremely rare. The most kinds of ornaments in jade articles are: wall decoration, double wall decoration, three-hole device, ring, gouyun-shaped ornament, jade fish, animal face ornament, cicada-shaped ornament and so on. The most representative jade in Hongshan Culture is the C-shaped Jade Dragon, which is known as? China's eLong? .
Liangzhu culture jadeware
About 5000 years ago, it is the most representative Neolithic cultural relic in southeast China. The jade unearthed from Liangzhu culture has a large number, rich varieties, exquisite craftsmanship and great characteristics, and has become the representative of the southern jade culture in the Neolithic Age. Compared with the primitive and rough jades in Hongshan Culture, the jades in Liangzhu culture are more exquisite and complicated, which is the peak of the development of the jade culture in Neolithic Age. The main jade materials of Liangzhu culture jade are tremolite and actinolite. The ornaments in jade articles include: beads, tubes, beads, bracelets, hooks, bird-shaped ornaments, fish-shaped ornaments, humanoid ornaments, crowns and so on.
Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties
At the beginning of the formation of class and country, killing and martyrdom replaced the happiness and romance of primitive society. In the artistic themes of that era, the ornamentation of gluttony and dragon and phoenix all reflected the strong atmosphere of dignitaries and religions with unique lines, steady shapes and overlapping forms.
The twilight of kingship? Xiadai jadeware
Xia Dynasty was the first slave country in the history of China. The most representative cultural relic in Xia Dynasty is Erlitou Cultural Site in Yanshi, Henan Province. Erlitou cultural jade: Erlitou cultural remains in Yanshi, Henan Province, found in 1959, which is between the late Neolithic age and Shang culture and has obvious inheritance relationship. Among the unearthed cultural relics, jade articles are numerous and varied. The jade materials of Erlitou cultural jade are mostly dushan jade, Henan, with white jade, sapphire and turquoise as the main materials. Weapons and tools are the most common among jade articles. Decorators include tubes, bracelets, pendants, handles and cones.
Harmony of bronze civilization? Shang dynasty jadeware
Shang dynasty is one of the most creative periods in China history, which not only created the bronze civilization in China, but also created the earliest writing in China? Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The development of jade articles in Shang Dynasty is enough to resist the twin peaks of bronze, which is the harmony of bronze civilization. Among them, the tombs of Yin deficiency syndrome of Fu Hao in Anyang, Henan Province, Sanxingdui in Guanghan, Sichuan Province and Xing 'an Oceania in Qingjiang, Jiangxi Province can best represent the level of jade production in Shang Dynasty, and their styles represent the highest level of jade production in the Yellow River Basin, Sichuan Basin and Yangtze River Basin.
The jade materials used are: dushan jade in Henan, Hetian jade in Xinjiang, xiuyan jade, turquoise, malachite and so on. At the same time, there is physical evidence that Hetian jade in Xinjiang was first used in the Central Plains. Compared with Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty has more kinds of jade articles, among which ornaments are the most abundant: rings, wall ornaments, pearls, pendants, bracelets, bracelets, bracelets, fingers, scrolls, head ornaments and so on. And the ornaments in animal shapes are very rich. In modeling and technology: greenhouse modeling is extremely colorful. There are diamond patterns, chord patterns, folded square patterns, hooked clouds, dragon scales and so on. The line pattern of the pattern is mainly double hook and negative line pattern. Beautiful technology began to be applied. There are few round carvings in Shang Dynasty, which represent jade figures unearthed from Fu Hao's tomb. A large number of plane devices, with silhouette artistic style.
Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period
Frequent wars, the alternation of old and new social systems, decorative patterns have become realistic, and modeling has evolved from static layout to dynamic layout. The decorative patterns on jade articles are more diverse, and the lines are either intense or relaxed. There are even superb gold and silver inlay techniques. The jade carving art in this period reached an unprecedented height.
Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties
In a turbulent era, the collapse of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty, the prevalence of metaphysics, the integration of ethnic groups and the spread of Buddhism have brought another prosperity in the history of China's art development. At one time, jade carving patterns were mainly expressed in animal form. With the rise of Buddhist culture, patterns based on plants, patterns bound by lotus flowers and branches have become widely popular.
the Tang Dynasty
The strong national strength, the entry of foreign culture, the development of artistic ideas and self-confidence are all truly reflected in the charm of decorative patterns.
Song dynasty
The enthusiasm and grandeur of the prosperous Tang Dynasty were swept away, and the literati style prevailed. Speak freely and pursue dullness? . The artistic expression of decorative patterns also takes simplicity and elegance as fashion, showing artistry and elegant washing.
the Ming Dynasty
A relatively strong period in China's history. The awakening of public opinion and the unprecedented prosperity of practical learning after China's entry into WTO have made arts and crafts enter the mature stage of national style development. Ornaments combine form and content more skillfully, reflecting the auspicious long-cherished wish of social ethics, morality, religion and values.
Ching Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was a major turning point in the history of China. The changes of society and ideas made the art of Qing Dynasty mixed. One aspect is inevitable. Due to the excessive pursuit of richness and aristocratic taste, it gradually formed a complex and declining artistic style.
Modern Times
Five thousand years of decorative patterns have passed at a glance, and the application of modern jade carving is also in sight. Let's take a look at how the designers of the manufacturing library played with the decorative patterns of various historical periods.