(1) definition
Definition in Hegel's philosophy: the transformation of internal things into external things.
Poetic expression of externalization: familiar with the process of defamiliarization of things
Externalization is an attitude and idea, not just a technique and skill.
(b) Internalization and externalization of problems
Internalization of problems: people = problems.
Inaction as mainstream culture/value expectation = problem = labeling, which restricts people's autonomy.
People are equal to problems and problems are equal to people. This story is full of questions and thoughts.
Externalization of Problems: People/Problems
The problem is the challenge that people are facing, not people, but problems are problems.
People are people, and people are full of infinite possibilities, much more than problems.
(C) the benefits of externalization
1. When people are separated from the problem, we can find out the details of the problem from the owner's position and rewrite the relationship between people and the problem;
2. The parties will talk about the problem with a good mood and energy;
3. Establish cooperative relationship between children and parents, clients and consultants.
(4) How to externalize the problem?
1. Think of the problem as someone else and add the "this" problem.
The "that" problem is externalized.
2. anthropomorphic naming
Draw out
4. Dolls and symbols (tension = alarm)
(5) What problems are suitable for externalization?
1. Bad emotions: anxiety, depression, irritability and nervousness. ...
2. Physical condition: illness, fatigue, stomachache, insomnia. ...
3. Others: bad luck, quarrels, accusations, prejudice. ...
Resources can also be externalized.
(6) Who is suitable for externalization?
1. Strong sensitivity
2. Consumption type
Have the will
(VII) Matters needing attention in externalization
1. Visitors can apply if they want.
2. You need to fully communicate and talk thoroughly before applying.
3. Identify the problems to be externalized
4. Create a good atmosphere and guide the whole mind.
Step 5 be slow, soft and persistent
6. Pay attention to the reaction of keywords
7. Observe the nonverbal response of visitors.
8. Flexible application
Second, Teacher Lin's externalized structure
Externalization is a problem of proof: witnesses have a great influence on the problem.
1. Selection: Select the appropriate problem externalization.
2. Exploration: the influence of problems on people's lives, dreams and relationships.
3. Curiosity: Naming? What does it look like? Power? Attempted Plan? (details)
(1) What would you name it?
(2) What color is it?
(3) How tall is it? How big is it?
(4) What did it eat to grow up?
(5) Where does it live in your body?
(6) What will it make you?
(7) What do you do with your life?
4. Evaluation: Do you like the impact of the problem on you?
5. Positioning: What kind of relationship do you want to keep with this issue? Get rid of it completely, leave me alone, just come once in a while, tame it, understand me, have a harmonious relationship and so on.
6. Exploration: the influence of people on all aspects of the problem
(1) When will the problem become less serious?
(2) When did it not control your life?
(3) What do you fear most or do?
(4) What efforts have you made to solve the problem?
(5) What kind of people do these efforts represent?
(6) How will your efforts affect your relationship with the problem?
(7) How do you hope these efforts will continue to accompany you to face this problem?
(8) At this time, the problem came. What do you think it reminds you of?
When you learn something, you can pass the exam?
Third, the externalized structure of Teacher Liu Youlong
1. Identify the "problem"
Name the problem.
Step 3 talk with questions
Transpose, input angle
Step 5 change places and walk out of the corner
summary
Specific externalization steps:
1. Determine the content "Problems, emotions, etc." To externalize.
For example: some anxiety, indecision, lack of self-confidence and so on.
2. By naming the content to be externalized, separate the content from the client, and let the client jump out of the content and look at it from a more objective perspective.
For example:
Customer: I am a hesitant person.
Assistant: If you give indecision a name, it might be called?
3. Let the parties choose a suitable doll, and then let the parties put the doll next to it in a comfortable place.
(1) Please look at (the name used here) and feel it slowly. I wonder what will come to your mind at this time? How do you feel?
I want to know when you thought of it (naming names).
How did you get here all this time?
Do you get along well? How are you getting along?
(5) What differences does it bring to you? How did you bring it?
(6) What changes will it expect from you in the future?
(7) Who will notice the change first? What would he say?
Transpose, input angle
Let the client change to the chair representing the problem, imagine that he is the problem, and then communicate with the helper in a questioning tone.
(1) Hello, "Question".
Just now, your master said a lot about you. I want to know what you heard.
(3) What are your feelings?
I just heard a lot of information from my master, and now I want to know more from you, okay? Can you talk about it?
(5) How did you get along with your master during this time? What do you want to say to your master most? Have you told your master? ...
(6) Do you get along well? How are you getting along?
(7) What difference did your arrival bring to the host? What do you want the host to see most?
(8) What changes do you expect your master to make next?
(9) What can the owner do to make such a change?
(10) Who will notice the change of your master first? What would he say?
(1 1) How did you feel when you told this to your master?
(12) Is there anything you want to say to the host before the end?
Step 5 change places and walk out of the corner
Let the customer change back to the chair representing himself.
(1) What do you feel from my conversation with you and # # # (question name)? What are some impressive places?
(2) What different things are you going to do next?
(3) Through these changes, # # # may be different?
(4) What does it feel like to see # # now?
(5) Thank you # #, goodbye!
6. Summary: Harvest, reflect, touch and feel!
Fourthly, the dialogue structure of teacher's problem externalization in Golden Shield.
1. Step 1: Enter metaphors.
What you write here is how miserable it is to cut your body with a knife. If you use a metaphor, you would say so. What is the situation? Hot desert? Cold snow-capped mountains? You can think for yourself, or you can look for the right picture in the card here.
Step 2: Understand the story of the end of the problem.
When did you first meet him with this fire? Do you remember what happened then?
Apart from the first meeting, what impressed you about the subsequent fire?
According to your observation, when will the fire burn more vigorously, when will it subside, and why?
What is the personality of this fire? Stubborn, passionate or?
When the question has its own metaphor, we can have a good understanding of his appearance, including personality, appearance, history, actions and so on.
Step 3: Explore the story of interaction
Look at the story of interaction between problems and people, including how they met, how they got along with each other, and how they influenced each other.
When the fire broke out, were you any different? What are you like at this time? (the influence of fire on people)
You just said that the fire actually started in primary school and was lit under the strict education of parents. So in what way did you light the fire for more than ten years, so that you haven't really been burned out? People's influence on fire is also a story to deal with. )
Guess what is the most common sentence you will hear from this fire if he has talked to you for more than ten years?
When did he find you?
When something happens to you, it's easier to appear.
What's different about you when he's near you? What is his influence on you?
How did you deal with him in the past so as not to let yourself be completely led by him?
Even if he is still in front of you, he can't live without it for a while. What do you like best about yourself in the stories you have faced him in recent years?
If he seems to be talking to you, what do you think he wants to say to you most?
If I have the chance to visit him, what do you think he will say you admire most about this trip?
At this stage, we will discuss the influence of problems on people, but we will not look at the relationship between problems and people in a binary opposition way of black and white. We can't assume that the problem has a bad influence on people. Usually, problems may bring benefits as well as difficulties.
How did the appearance of the fire affect you? Is there anything you don't like? Is there anything that is actually important, important or meaningful to you?
Another thing to note is that people usually explain how the problem affects people when they encounter problems, while ignoring another important story line, that is, how people affect the problem (coping style).
Step 4: Go back to this person.
The most valuable thing about externalization is that we can separate problems from people in this way, so that the parties can know that people are not equal to problems, and everyone has his own interests. In this way, people have the opportunity to observe themselves when they are not disturbed by problems. In fact, it is also an entrance to the side door, which is an exceptional moment when the problem does not exist.
What are you like without this fire?
Three adjectives describe what you would be like if you hadn't been caught in the fire.
Can you tell me a few experiences in your life that were not disturbed by problems?
Step 5: Re-evaluate and select.
Making people their own masters is an important goal of narrative therapy. Only by letting people find their own voice and take the lead in life. Have a chance to live the life you want.
For your relationship with him, if he interferes with you, what do you think he needs to learn most? Respect or tenderness? Or?
If his relationship with you can be different, what do you expect him to become from now on?
Do you expect to learn anything from facing him?
If you could choose again, what difference would you like to have with this fire? You can think directly or choose another one here in Tuccari.
If the fire in the forest tells you that you can be better, what will the water in this painting say to you?
6. Step 6: See a new story, a new self.
Changing from fire to water is your new decision. What does this decision mean to you now?
So you want to practice this now, when you are frustrated, and encourage yourself in your heart?
If you start doing this now, treat yourself in a way that you didn't have in the past, and practice it bit by bit, what impact may it have on your next life?
After the customer describes the form of relationship he wants to re-establish with the problem, we can see the value or preference that the customer values from this choice. That is, in such a decision, the personal voice of the parties will be touched again.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Mike White's externalized dialogue schema
1. the first question: discuss a unique and empirical definition of the problem.
In the first stage, the therapist and the visitor discuss the questions and the definition of the dilemma. During the discussion, the problems and dilemmas were fully described. Through description, a broad definition far from experience will be replaced by a unique definition close to experience. The definition of "close to experience" is based on what tourists say and their understanding of life.
In the process of cooperation with children, the anthropomorphic description of the problem can make the problem richer and more distinctive.
Please tell me, how do you feel when each of you is troubled by fecal incontinence?
How would you describe this kind of uninvited fecal incontinence that makes people's lives a mess?
How do you think that fecal incontinence leads to messy life and things are difficult to handle?
In the rich description of problems, people's knowledge and skills can become useful and can deal with problems effectively.
2. The second question: Describe the impact of the problem.
Investigate the influence/effect of all aspects of life, which may include the following parts:
(1) Family, unit, school and peer communication environment
(2) Family relationship, relationship between oneself and oneself, friendship.
(3) Self-identity, including the influence of problems on people's goals, hopes, dreams, wishes and values.
(4) the possibility of a person's future and the limit of life.
The investigation of the effect and influence of the problem provides a solid foundation for the externalized dialogue.
3. The third question: Evaluate the effect of the problem behavior.
Counselors encourage and support people to evaluate the activities and behaviors of problems and their main impact on life.
Are these behaviors ok for you?
How do you feel about these developments?
What are these developments like for you?
What is your position on these conclusions?
How do you position yourself when we talk about these things?
Are these developments positive or negative for you?
If this is your destiny in life, what do you think of him?
This question enables people to stop and examine the unique development of their lives, which is a novel experience for many people, because these evaluations are usually made by others in their lives.
4. The fourth question: argumentation and evaluation
Ask everyone why they make such an assessment.
Why do you feel uncomfortable about it?
Why do you feel this way about such changes?
Why did you choose such a position in this process?
Can you tell me a story about your life to help me better understand why you took such a position in the development of things?
What story will your father tell to explain why you are so unhappy?
Your "why" question does not contain moral evaluation. On the contrary, it is of great and far-reaching significance to help people who ask for help express their outlook on life, including their own understanding of life. Another advantage of asking "why" questions is that it helps people to form more positive self-identity conclusions, thus replacing those related to problems in life.