1 Contents of "Static Control and Dynamic Management"
1. 1 Prepare the project management budget
1. 1. 1 the function of project management budget. The preparation of project management budget (hereinafter referred to as "budget") is an important part of cost management in the implementation stage of engineering construction, and it is the basis for implementing "static investment and dynamic management" of investment. According to the preliminary design budget approved by the state, combined with the project bidding design documents and the project bidding division of labor, the project management budget is compiled by a water conservancy and hydropower project cost consulting agency with Grade A qualification entrusted by the company. The static total investment of the project management budget is controlled within the static investment limit of the design budget approved by the state, and the directors of the company (hereinafter referred to as "investors") are responsible for the total investment. The project management budget is the main basis for controlling the static total investment of the project, calculating the project price difference, making the annual investment plan, guiding the preparation of the pre-tender estimate, verifying the economic rationality of the project and ensuring the implementation of the contracted project.
1. 1.2 Comparison between project management budget and design budget There are three similarities and three differences between project management budget and design budget. (1) There are three similarities: ① The static total investment of the budget is controlled within the total investment of the budget, and the adjustable reserve is equal to the static total investment of the budget. (2) The basic price remains unchanged, and the prices of labor, materials, machinery, wind, water and electricity are all estimated prices. (3) The content and standard of charges remain unchanged. (2) Three differences: ① Different project division. The budgetary estimate is based on the Method for Compilation of Budgetary Estimate for Preliminary Design of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects. The hub is divided into six parts: construction project, electromechanical equipment and installation project, metal structure equipment and installation project, temporary project, other expenses and basic reserve fund. According to the "Interim Measures" and combined with the specific situation of Nierji project, the budget is divided into three parts: project legal person management project, main bidding project and other projects. Legal person management projects include: investor fees, construction management fees, preparation fees of production and business units, scientific research and design fees, other fees, traffic equipment engineering, equipment of Songliao Basin Hydrological Dispatching Center, other temporary works, adjustable preparation fees, and basic preparation fees 10. The main bidding projects are divided into construction projects, equipment procurement projects and equipment installation projects. In principle, construction projects are divided into: main dam, left auxiliary dam, right auxiliary dam, right bank diversion irrigation tunnel, spillway, factory building and switching station, off-site permanent traffic, on-site permanent traffic, first-stage diversion, sand and concrete mixing system, and housing construction project 1 1. A project generally has one contract, such as powerhouse, spillway, left auxiliary dam, etc. In most cases, a project consists of more than two contracts, such as main dam, right auxiliary dam and traffic engineering. Equipment procurement and installation projects are also divided according to the bidding situation. Other projects refer to other permanent or temporary projects except the main building project. Including soil and water conservation, environmental protection, automatic hydrological forecasting system, dam observation, overall beautification of the project, ice prevention and icebreaking, Nehe transfer station, off-site supply, communication line engineering and so on. This subdivisional work corresponds to the contract and is close to the actual construction situation, which is convenient for contract management and investment control. ② The quantity is different. The preliminary design quantity is used for budget estimate, and the bidding design quantity is used for budget. Compared with the expected quantity, the earthwork filling quantity increased slightly and the concrete quantity decreased slightly. The budget amount is divided into more details. Stone excavation is divided into full weathering, strong weathering and weak weathering, and concrete pouring is divided into parts and marks. (3) Different quotas are adopted for the compilation of project unit price, and (88) and (86) budget quotas for water conservancy and hydropower construction projects are adopted for the budgetary estimate. The project management budget is prepared according to the above principles and conditions, and adjusted appropriately with reference to the price level that has won the bid, especially the unit equipment cost is saved more, that is, the reserved adjustable cost.
1.2 The calculation method of determining the price difference is an important part of dynamic investment, and the calculation of the price difference is the core content of dynamic investment management, so it is very important to determine the calculation method of the price difference. The price difference calculation of this project adopts formula method, which consists of three parts: price difference calculation formula, weight calculation and price index collection. The calculation formula is implemented with reference to the price difference calculation method of water conservancy projects. The weight of price difference calculation is classified according to different engineering properties, such as earthwork excavation, earthwork filling, riprap, concrete, asphalt concrete, steel anchor, foundation treatment, main equipment, general equipment, equipment installation engineering, etc. The weight of price factors in each classified project is calculated according to the project management budget and the corresponding unit price. That is, the calculation basis of the variable weight of each classified project required by the annual price difference of Nierji project. The price index is collected, analyzed and determined by intermediaries every year. Dynamic investment management also includes the loan interest returned during the construction period. The loan interest during the construction period is calculated according to the loan amount and interest rate, and the actual payment is calculated. The price difference includes: basic direct costs and other direct costs of construction and installation projects, which are composed of labor costs, material costs (including installation materials) and machine-shift costs, as well as the price difference caused by site costs, indirect costs, corporate profits, business taxes, urban maintenance and construction taxes, educational surcharges and other taxes and fees; The price difference of mechanical and electrical equipment, metal structure equipment and other equipment that constitute fixed assets; The price difference of each independent fee. The scope that does not belong to the price difference calculation refers to: projects and expenses that do not constitute the investment scope of Nierji project; Beyond the scope of the original preliminary design, without the approval of the original examination and approval unit to increase the project and cost; Financing cost during the construction period; Approved price difference. The benchmark period of price difference calculation is uniformly determined as the price basis of preliminary design estimate. 200 1 first half.
2 the necessity of budgeting
2. 1 is the need to reasonably calculate the project completion investment. During the planned economy period, the project construction team was arranged by the state. Without signing a contract, there will be no contract price, and the investment in project completion is generally calculated according to the budgetary estimate. After the reform of the construction management system, the project construction will be subject to bidding, and the project legal person will sign a contract with the winning bidder. One of the main contents of the contract is the project cost, including the total price and unit price. Generally, the main project is contracted at unit price, so the contract price appears, which is lower than the estimated price in most cases. At present, there is no clear and unified regulation on the investment price standard of water conservancy projects. The document notice of Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia, where Nierji Project is located, on the statistical report of fixed assets investment price in 2003 stipulates: "The investment price of construction and installation projects is generally calculated according to the budget price. Budget price is the total project cost calculated according to the budget quota in a certain period in the construction drawing design stage. The project price difference agreed by the construction unit and the construction unit and approved by the commercial bank is taken as the revised budget price, and the construction and installation project is calculated according to the revised budget price. Take the winning bid price as the basis for calculating the investment price of Jian 'an project. If the price is adjusted after winning the bid, the adjusted price will be used as the price basis for calculating the investment completion. "The above are local laws and regulations, mainly for various local construction and installation projects, and the central large-scale water conservancy projects can be implemented with reference. The Planning Department of the Ministry of Water Resources held a seminar on statistical work in Nierji site in August 2007, at which the Investment Statistics of Water Conservancy Capital Construction (Draft for Comment) was discussed. The principle of this discussion draft is: "The bid-winning price should be used as the price basis for calculating investment in a project subject to tender;" For projects that are not subject to tender, the budget price or estimated price shall be used as the price basis for calculating the investment, and the price adjustment shall be made to adjust the investment completion amount. "It can be seen that the water conservancy industry and local governments tend to use the budget price and pre-tender estimate as the calculation basis for investment completion, but at present, most water conservancy projects do not prepare construction drawing budgets, only the estimated price and pre-tender estimate. If the estimated price or bid price is used as the basis for investment completion, each has its own shortcomings. The estimated unit price is a comprehensive unit price and cannot accurately represent the price in the construction stage. In the construction stage, sometimes the construction scheme changes greatly, so it is unrealistic to apply the estimated unit price again. Moreover, in the process of construction, the estimated price of individual building materials has changed greatly, and the estimated price has been overwhelmed. If the winning bid is adopted, it is equivalent to being reimbursed and sold, which does not reflect the performance of bidding and strengthening management. In addition, the price level, charging content and standard of people, materials and machines of different bidders for the same project are also different. If you win the bid, there will be different prices for the same work, and a project should adopt the same standard to declare investment to the state. Therefore, it is more reasonable to prepare the project management budget in the implementation stage of project construction and calculate the investment quota according to the project management budget price.
2.2 Be able to strictly implement the contract, effectively control the investment in the above-mentioned static investment management, form a project legal person as the center, focus on contract management, and be responsible for the investor to ensure that the investment is controlled within the budget approved by the state; Be responsible for each contractor and ensure that the static investment of each bidding project is controlled within the investment scope of the project management budget through contract management. Most budget items are related to contracts. A single project generally includes one or several contracts, and the budget amount is also greater than the contract amount, leaving room for contract changes and claims. During the execution of the contract, we often check against the budget and strictly control the claim for change. There are three lines of defense to control investment, namely contract, project management budget and adjustable reserve fund. (1) contract. There are three types of contracts: lump sum contract, unit price contract, and contracts combining total price and unit price. Lump sum contract is suitable for projects with short construction period (less than 2 years), small investment and complicated engineering quantity calculation, such as roads, houses and power supply lines. Generally, about 5% of the reserve fund is reserved for the general contract project to adapt to small changes and ensure that the settlement does not exceed the contract amount. Unit price contract is suitable for projects with single construction content and possibly great changes in engineering quantity, such as grouting and stone supply. The combination of unit price and total price is suitable for major projects with long construction period, large engineering quantity and complicated construction, such as dams, workshops and spillways. Generally, the contract part of the total contract price is not large, and it will be guaranteed at one time and will not be adjusted. The key is the unit price contract part, which is strictly implemented in accordance with the contract unit price and is not easily modified. If it is really necessary to modify the unit price due to the change of construction conditions, the principle of "three principles" shall be stipulated, that is, the original quota, original price (labor, materials, machinery) and original charging standard used in bidding quotation, which plays an important role in controlling the investment of the contract change project, and can avoid wrangling and achieve timely settlement. ② Project management budget. When compiling the project management budget, it is generally compiled according to the bidding quantity and the actual construction plan, and the amount is slightly larger than the contract amount, and there are changes and claims in the main project contract. According to the forecast, it can generally be controlled within the budget. ③ The reserved expenses can be adjusted. Compiling the project management budget according to the winning bid can save part of the investment compared with the budget estimate. The adjustable reserve fund accounts for about 6.6% of the project management budget. In case of major design or construction changes, the project legal person can use it at any time to ensure that the investment does not exceed the estimated budget.
2.3 is the need to objectively adjust the project investment. Compared with the preliminary design stage, the design will definitely change in different degrees, and the construction scheme will also change, which will definitely affect the change of investment. It is necessary to objectively reflect these changes and adjust them by compiling the project management budget.
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