At the same time, we also collected and referred to more than 20 oil contract samples signed internationally, combined with China's national conditions, and drafted a "standard contract" for foreign cooperation on the basis of summing up the negotiation experience. The main points are as follows: the foreign investors bear the exploration risks alone, the Chinese participate in the development investment, the investment is recovered according to the quota, the production operation fee is paid, and the balance is divided between the two parties. It absorbs the essence of oil contracts of various countries, embodies the principle of equality and mutual benefit in line with China's sovereignty and laws, and has been widely recognized by the international oil industry. In this way, the investment environment has been greatly optimized, just like two "phoenix trees" have been planted on the vast blue land of China. With the "phoenix trees", there will be a "phoenix".
According to the requirements of the Regulations,1February 8, 982, the State Council approved the establishment of China Offshore Oil Corporation. On February 5th of the same year, China Offshore Oil Corporation was formally established at No.31East Chang 'an Avenue. The company is a national company with legal personality, and it is an economic entity with independent accounting, tax payment according to law, self-financing and independent operation. Responsible for overseas cooperative exploitation of offshore oil resources on behalf of the state, that is, engaging in exploration, development, production, utilization and product sales of offshore oil and gas, engaging in offshore oil and gas operation contracting services and other diversified operations in the form of foreign cooperation and independent operation.
First, the first round of overseas bidding in China that shocked the world.
With the strong cooperation and active support of domestic provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, China Offshore Oil Corporation issued the first tender announcement to 46 oil companies on1February, 982 17.
This tender involves 504 basic blocks in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and South China Sea in China, with an area of 15× 104 km2. Its large scale, wide sea area and many companies are rare in the world, which is a great event that shocked the world oil industry, and also a concrete embodiment of fulfilling the reputation of China's offshore oil cooperation with foreign countries and acting in accordance with international practices.
By the end of August1982 17, 33 companies from 9 countries had bid for 25 blocks, and * * * submitted the quotation 102. After detailed review by more than 100 economic and technical experts and relevant business personnel, the negotiation plan for winning the bid was formulated. After intense competitive negotiations, 28 companies from 9 countries won the bid for the 19 bid.
In order to maintain and expand the scale of offshore oil exploration, on the basis of summing up the experience of the first round of bidding, the second round of bidding announcements were issued at the end of 1984 and the beginning of 1985, and public bidding was adopted in the eastern Yinggehai, the Pearl River Mouth Basin and the southern South Yellow Sea1×104km2 area. At this time, the oil price fluctuated at a high level and the investment was favorable; At the same time, we flexibly revised the contract: allowing non-geophysical participants to bid; In several contracted blocks, the workload can be adjusted to improve the success rate of exploration; When no work is found, but there is still residual work, the block area can be appropriately expanded; Complex medium and small oil fields can be evaluated for trial production, and when the annual output is lower than 100× 104t, the mining area use fee can be exempted. These modifications are conducive to attracting foreign investors to exploit various types of oil and gas fields, especially small and medium-sized oil and gas fields. After the final negotiation, 15 oil companies from 4 countries won the bid for 8 blocks.
In order to make offshore oil foreign cooperative exploration work take over one after another and discover more oil and gas fields, the third tender announcement was issued at the beginning of 1989. This tender involves Dongsha-Shenhu sea area in Pearl River Mouth Basin, covering an area of over 3× 104km2. In order to attract more foreign investors, the contract terms are further relaxed, mainly to exempt foreign companies from the obligation to train China personnel and transfer technology during exploration; Have the right to choose drilling or terminate the contract after completing the geophysical exploration workload. Three oil contracts were signed through negotiations.
Through three rounds of external bidding, 30 oil contracts were signed. Together with the previous contracts and agreements, the total number reached 66, and the foreign investment was as high as $3 1.2 billion, which greatly promoted the oil and gas exploration and development in China sea area.
Two, vigorously introduce drilling, earthquake, navigation, computer software and hardware technology.
China CNOOC's professional technicians are mostly from onshore oil fields and have many years of experience in oil exploration and development, but as far as offshore oil exploration and development is concerned, especially the understanding of foreign advanced offshore technology is still blank. Therefore, since its establishment, the company has formulated a clear policy for scientific and technological development, that is, through offshore oil cooperation, making full use of various channels such as technology introduction, technology transfer, technology contracting, technology training, technology exchange and technology cooperation, introducing, digesting and absorbing foreign advanced technologies, cultivating talents, improving the quality and level of technicians as soon as possible, and gradually applying and mastering a large number of international advanced and practical exploration, development, production technology and management experiences to carry out innovation. Strive to reach or approach the international advanced level as soon as possible, so as to improve China's foreign cooperation ability, promote China's offshore oil science and technology progress, and meet the needs of offshore oil exploration, development, production and construction.
Since 1977, we have imported a large number of advanced equipment and technologies for drilling, geophysical prospecting, logging and offshore engineering construction, as well as supporting advanced tools and software from more than a dozen countries such as the United States, Britain, France, Japan, Australia, Canada, Singapore and Norway, which has accelerated the process of offshore oil exploration and development, met the needs of foreign cooperation at that time and achieved outstanding results.
A. In drilling and testing, jack-up and semi-submersible drilling vessels (Nanhai 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) of 1980s level were imported from nine companies in Singapore, Norway, Japan and Canada. Bohai No.2, No.4, No.6, No.8, 10 and 12) and advanced top drive drilling rig, MWD inclinometer while drilling, SST cable inclinometer while drilling, ESI electronic single-point open hole trajectory tester, single-point ground positioning gyroscope, drill pipe formation tester, MDT cable testing technology, MFE and PCT downhole testing tools in the 1990s, R.
B in geophysical acquisition, CGG59 analog recorder, SN388B and GS2000 digital recorder, 24 and 48 floating cables, steam gun and air gun seismic source have been introduced successively since 1968; From 1977 to 1978, advanced DFS-V digital seismograph, 48, 96 and 120 floating cables, high-pressure steam gun and high-pressure air gun, integrated navigation system of radio, satellite and Doppler sonar, Binhai 504 and 5 18 were introduced to cover 24 or 48 times. Binhai 504 ground demand ship 1984 was converted into a shallow sea earthquake (13) operation ship. 1986, Binhai 5 16 towed seismic ship was introduced, Binhai 5 14 and Binhai 5 15 were added, and three amphibious seismic teams of 240, 2 16 and 232 were formed. At the same time, radio navigation systems were introduced, including Ledis system, Argo system, Sildis system and microwave range finder, as well as navigation data processing center, navigation computer system, underwater audio positioning system and P- 100 navigation system.
So far, CNOOC China has completely mastered the 2D and 3D seismic exploration and acquisition technology in different waters such as rivers, lakes and seas, which meets the needs of foreign cooperation and self-operated exploration.
C in seismic data processing, seismic data processors CYBER 170-730, RDS-500, CYBER855S, VAX8650, CS64 10, PE32 12F, seismic data decompiler and plotter, CALCOMP748 flat plotter, and so on are introduced. On this basis, three-dimensional seismic data processing technologies such as bin averaging, three-dimensional positioning navigation, bin insertion and three-dimensional one-step migration are introduced and developed. Two-dimensional stacking and migration imaging techniques, such as full dip wave equation migration and FKDMO-FK prestack migration; Two-dimensional denoising techniques such as fast dip filtering, median filtering, probability analysis, F-X prediction polynomial fitting and signal coherence; Maximum likelihood deconvolution, Q deconvolution, maximum variance modulus deconvolution, surface consistent deconvolution and spectral whitening deconvolution, and special processing techniques such as AVO and SVIM. These achievements enable us to independently process 3D seismic data, 2D fine target processing and reservoir lithology processing.
D. In seismic data interpretation, the regional seismic stratigraphic interpretation technology, oil and gas resource evaluation technology, and the logging data processing and drawing systems of PE3254SIDIS, VAXII, IMTERPRET, VAX3500, GEOQU, EST, man-machine interactive interpretation system and VAX75 1 DISCOVERRY are introduced. On the basis of the above-mentioned technical equipment, the technologies of three-parameter man-machine interactive inversion (main frequency and full amplitude inversion testing thin layer thickness, interval velocity inversion and interval velocity conversion reservoir physical parameters), multi-parameter man-machine interactive reservoir evaluation and differential frequency acquisition microseismic facies analysis, variable speed time-depth conversion, lateral reservoir prediction and description, etc. were introduced and developed. The interpretation and drawing of three-dimensional seismic data can be completed by human-computer interaction, such as top and bottom structure map, thickness map, average velocity map, layer velocity map, sand content map, sand layer thickness map, porosity map, oil and gas saturation map, oil and gas abundance map, etc.
E. In offshore engineering construction, computers and large-scale application software commonly used by similar international engineering design companies have been introduced, and 54 microcomputers and 92 softwares have been equipped, thus forming a relatively complete computer-aided design system for offshore oil development engineering design, which has reached the level of computing application systems of foreign design companies, including four parts of software and supporting equipment, including process and public system design, economic evaluation and economic prediction, engineering structure calculation and aided design drawings and databases, and has been mastered skillfully. Designers and computer technicians have the ability to undertake the economic prediction and evaluation of offshore oil and gas fields, have the ability to design offshore oil and gas field development engineering systems with oil and gas development technology, general layout piping, submarine pipelines, fire safety, instrument control, detection and corrosion protection, and environmental protection as the main specialties, and undertake equipment blocks, jackets, submarine pipelines, outfitting and other equipment blocks of offshore oil and gas field development engineering.
In a word, we have mastered the theories and methods of engineering evaluation and economic evaluation commonly used in the world, the calculation methods and standard systems commonly used in the field of international ocean engineering, and the theories and methods of international engineering projects.
In addition, new reservoir prediction technology (including pattern recognition technology and new method of CSMOL reservoir prediction by earthquake simulation), reservoir simulation software, COMPIV, multi-component simulation software, PPI logging interpretation software, PCI microcomputer logging software, TTXO and well testing software are also introduced.
Third, according to the specialties of foreign companies, transfer ten professional technologies we need.
According to the relevant provisions of the Regulations, in the first and second oil contracts signed, after repeated negotiations with foreign companies, the contract terms for foreign operators to transfer various technologies to China and train China technicians were determined. Therefore, according to the technical expertise of each foreign company, it should be obliged to transfer one or more advanced technologies suitable for offshore operations in China, and undertake the technical training task of a certain number of professional technicians in China.
In the second round of oil contracts alone, according to the technical expertise of foreign companies and our needs, 36 technologies were transferred in eight oil contracts, including geology, drilling, logging, development, offshore engineering, oil and gas production and other professional technologies 10. Since the implementation of 1985 and 10, 24 projects have been completed and 77 people have gone abroad to receive technology transfer. In accepting the transfer, I went deep into the reality and studied the graphic method of stratigraphic correlation of the original Amoco Company of Geology through the work of * * * *; Development of reservoir rock determination and research methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, inclusion image analysis, isotope and so on; In the aspect of oil production, learn the technology of improving JHN beam rod pump motion system and Centum system in gas field production automation; Learn the drilling software of Chevron and Agip Oil Company during drilling. These technologies are highly targeted. For example, the directional drilling technology transferred by Amoco and the company's drilling software system have been successfully used in the directional design of Weizhou 10-3-5C and the drilling operations of shallow wells and highly deviated wells in Weizhou1-4 Oilfield. Another example is the technical project "Design, Construction and Maintenance of Offshore Oil and Gas Processing Gathering and Transportation" transferred by Chevron Company, and five sets of 45 general design instructions and oilfield examples were obtained, and the related design manuals were 12. This data set is systematic, complete and practical, and has been used as the basic data for the basic design of various majors. The early offshore safety inspection technology of American Esso Company is of great help to the safety inspection of offshore drilling platforms in China.
Among the 24 technologies, 14 technologies have been mastered, including: basin simulation technology to solve geological evaluation problems; Distribution law and effective exploration methods of reef oil and gas fields: seismic stratigraphy and repeated testing (RFT) technology; Reservoir numerical simulation technology. In addition, we have learned new technologies in stratigraphy and paleoenvironment interpretation, formation saturation, reservoir lithology and physical properties, and reservoir evaluation research, and obtained a lot of valuable information and software.
Some projects also used the cost provided by technology transfer to purchase the software we urgently needed, and achieved good results.
Four. Set up a joint venture company and make full use of foreign advanced technology and experience.
How to quickly improve the overall technical strength of China in foreign cooperation has always been an important issue we have been considering. It is a good way to cooperate with foreign professional contracting service companies to quickly upgrade professional technology to the international level.
Sino-foreign joint ventures are an important window for technology introduction. Since the foreign cooperation, in less than four years, we have established 40 Sino-foreign joint ventures in geology, drilling, geophysical exploration, logging, positioning, drilling fluid and engineering construction with companies from the United States, Britain, France and Japan, making full use of the advanced technology and management experience of international professional companies for our use. Through cooperative operation, we will introduce new technologies and equipment for marine exploration, development and production owned by foreign contracting companies with international advanced level, realize the rapid technology transfer of China's sea work, raise various professional technologies to the international level rapidly, and narrow the distance between us and the world advanced level; At the same time, it is also the cradle of the rapid growth of professional and technical personnel, the green channel for the introduction of advanced technology, and the full embodiment of the concept of equality, mutual benefit and win-win between China and foreign countries.
A. Through the cooperative operation of the drilling joint venture company, we have mastered parameter drilling optimization, formation pressure prediction and monitoring and balanced drilling, abnormal formation pressure prediction and pressure balanced drilling, 2D and 3D directional well trajectory design of offshore cluster wells, and overall design of cluster wells. A batch of advanced technical software has been introduced, and advanced inclinometers and special tools for directional wells have been absorbed and used. He has also mastered more than ten new technologies, such as the world's main advanced cementing technology, the design and application of colloidal water drilling fluid. The application of MCBA patent-special anti-sloughing drilling fluid treatment agent and ETSS new drilling fluid scheme provides most calculation items for field drilling fluid and related drilling engineering calculation, and can quickly make quantitative analysis and judgment on drilling fluid performance and composition. The preparation and use of high-quality drilling fluids have created safe, high-quality and low-cost services in drilling projects independently contracted by foreign operating companies, which have been well received by operators. Nanhai No.2 drilling rig only drilled three wells in the three years before cooperation. After the joint venture, the operation of BP was contracted, and seven wells were drilled in only 14 months, with a footage of 22,377 m m, and 98% of the daily operation expenses were Grade A operation expenses (that is, the most reasonable and lowest operation expenses), and the production efficiency was as high as 98%. These indicators are also at a high level in the British North Sea.
B. The oil logging service company, which is a joint venture with Dreiser Company of the United States, has established oil logging cooperation business with Schlumberger Company of France, introduced a number of advanced technologies and equipment, and carried out internationally competitive logging contracting operations according to international standards. The company has various logging technologies in complex lithology and various environmental conditions. In the important link of data processing and interpretation, we have mastered Dreiser's complete interpretation program, a set of advanced interpretation software, advanced logging geology, high-resolution formation dip logging program and advanced technology of HP9825 computer processing logging data, which has provided a lot of quality services for land and sea.
C. In order to master the positioning and navigation technology as soon as possible and meet the needs of offshore oil exploration and development, China Nanhai Bohai Leica Positioning and Measuring Company and British Leica Positioning and Measuring Company were jointly established. The medium and long-range maritime positioning system was introduced from the United States and Britain, and the 14 positioning platform and the corresponding positioning data processing center were established in the South China Sea alone. 1984 In March, four months after the first batch of overseas trained technicians returned to China, all the onshore platforms were operated and managed by Chinese personnel, and they completely mastered the hardware maintenance, software programming and positioning data management technology, navigation calculation and underwater positioning design and maintenance technology of the data center. A team capable of independent work and high-precision maritime radio positioning and navigation has been established, undertaking all positioning operations in the South China Sea and Bohai Sea.
China Chico Geophysical Company is a joint venture between Bohai Geophysical Company and Norwegian Chico Geophysical Company. In the cooperative operation, we have mastered advanced marine digital seismic acquisition technology, special seismic data processing and 3D seismic processing technology, widely applied seismic stratigraphic interpretation, man-machine joint interpretation and reservoir evaluation technology, and introduced a number of advanced technologies and equipment. Through mutual technical training and practical work, a group of talents who know the application and management of modern geophysical technology have been trained. At the same time, through the transformation of Binhai 5 1 1 seismic ship by the joint venture company, it is equipped with a set of computer-controlled quality control, three-dimensional acquisition and interpretation programs, which makes the ship's seismic data acquisition ability reach a higher level, thus occupying obvious advantages in international bidding.
Five, actively carry out bilateral international technical cooperation and exchanges through multiple channels.
Since 1983, we have carried out technical exchanges and cooperation with 36 companies in 9 countries and regions, including the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia and the Federal Republic of Germany, and * * * carried out bilateral cooperative research on 36 projects, which won more than 3.6 million US dollars in free research funds from governments and companies of various countries, and nearly 60 people went abroad to participate in project research. These activities have improved the academic and technical level, and most of the achievements of cooperative research have been applied to offshore oil development projects, thus promoting the progress of offshore oil technology and promoting the process of offshore oil development.
In technical cooperation, the technical cooperation assistance project with Australia is one of the most profitable and effective projects. This project belongs to the intergovernmental free aid project, and the Australian government provides 6.5438+0.6 million Australian dollars to improve China's skills in offshore oil and gas development technology and economic evaluation. Therefore, C.S.R, an Australian executive project company, provided the PRIME-750 computer system and supporting IFPS economic evaluation software, and we sent 16 people to the Australian Oil and Gas Company for technical training. At the same time, Australia also sent experts to China to hold seminars and a number of professional technical guidance, benefiting more than 100 people. Through cooperation, Chinese personnel have mastered the PRIME-750 computer operating system, ocean engineering evaluation and economic evaluation technology, improved their ability of engineering design, economic analysis and foreign language expression, trained a group of design technical backbones, and played a greater role in their work.
Sea ice in Bohai Sea is a key problem in the development of Bohai oil and gas fields, which has not been completely solved for many years. In the past, due to various reasons, it was impossible to enter the central and northern Bohai Sea for actual measurement, and many data were incomplete. Some sea ice design parameters applied in engineering are also calculated, which are generally conservative and have a high safety factor, which directly affects the development investment. Especially in recent years, after a number of commercial oil and gas fields have been discovered in Liaodong Bay, an oil production platform should be built here for oil development. Therefore, the size of ice force has become a problem that has attracted much attention and must be solved in engineering design. Ice force parameters are related to the structural form of oil production platform, which determines the size of investment and construction cost.
Since 1987, we have cooperated with the Federal German Marine Industry Association through intergovernmental scientific and technological cooperation channels, and made use of its technology and experts to carry out joint research on the project of "Liaodong Bay Sea Ice Survey and Ice Force Research", most of which was funded by the Federal German government. After several years of research, a series of problems such as the formation, flow direction, physical and chemical properties, types, distribution, maximum interaction with buildings, dynamic response and vibration of sea ice in Liaodong Bay have been clarified, and some cooperative research results have been applied to engineering design projects in this sea area.
It is the first time in the study of the world ice zone to conduct such a large-scale on-site measurement of ice conditions in combination with China's oil development, which fills a gap in the history of China's sea state research.
In addition, according to the progress and actual needs of offshore exploration and development, a small number of foreign experts have been hired to do short-term consulting and consulting work in China, which has also played a positive role in improving the level of professional and technical personnel and training personnel engaged in exploration, development, evaluation, contract law, engineering design and so on.
Six, "joint management committee", "parallel research" and "external" technical training
According to statistics, from 1982 to 199 1, personnel were sent to the United States, Britain, Japan, Norway, France, Italy, Australia, Singapore, Germany, Canada, Sweden, Brazil, Thailand, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Abu Dhabi. Received technical training in geology, geophysical exploration, drilling, development, engineering construction, technical measures, environmental protection and safety, accounting management, laws and regulations, procurement and supply, etc. 147. * * * Selected 977 batches (groups) with 2308 person-times, with a total cost of more than 20 million US dollars. Among them, exploration and development technicians accounted for 58 1 batch 1549 person-times.
(a) "Joint Management Committee" and "Parallel Study"
Through bilateral negotiations, ten large contracts were signed with foreign companies in one to four rounds of bidding and investment promotion activities. In order to facilitate the management of the contract area, a Joint Management Committee (JMC) was established according to different operators. During the meeting, our chief representative and foreign experts will jointly manage all the business of exploration, development and production, and all the working procedures of representatives of all parties must follow international practice. This is an opportunity for our representatives to learn and improve. Our technicians are required to understand and master the international advanced technology at that time, conduct research in strict accordance with international standards, and demonstrate our ability and level in parallel research or joint research. For example, the development scheme of Chengbei Oilfield was studied in parallel by China Offshore Oil Corporation and Nippon Oil Company. We adopted advanced technology at home and abroad, and came up with a scheme with international level and in line with the actual situation in Bohai Sea, which was transferred to the Japanese side (operator) at a price of 200,000 US dollars. In the simulation study of Chengbei Oilfield proposed by Japan, the research results of China were adopted.
In addition to parallel research, through joint efforts, we have gradually learned a set of advanced and applicable foreign exploration, development and production management experiences and technologies, updated our concepts, and improved the quality and technical level of personnel. For example, the Weizhou 10-3 oil field explored, discovered and tested by French Total Company in Beibu Gulf was quickly grasped by China firefighters due to their efforts, and the status of the operator was transferred ahead of schedule. After nearly a year's management and operation by the Chinese side, the operating cost has been greatly reduced, and all the work has been done well, which has been well received by the French partners.
(2) Hire experts
1June, 1984 to1March, 1987, we hired Mr. Xin Yuke from Rumas Company of the United States as the consultant of the design company, and Mr. Macquarie as the project manager of Wushi 16- 1. Mr. Sun Zengcheng of Braungen Company of the United States was hired as the foreign manager of Weizhou 1 1-4 concrete platform foundation design, and Mr. Kadimu Xiaozhi was employed as the structural engineer; Mr. Karutes of Taylor Baderoy Company in the United Kingdom was hired as the project manager for feasibility study of Xijiang 24-3 and Huizhou 2 1- 1 projects, Mr. White was hired as a senior cost estimation expert, and Mr. Austens was hired as a consultant for detailed simulation design of the upstream process module of Yinggehai gas field.
Under the guidance of external experts and in accordance with international standards, norms, practices and requirements, * * * completed the feasibility study and conceptual design or basic design of 10 project, and trained a group of professional backbones who mastered the design technology of modern offshore oil development projects abroad. Through the practice of specific projects, they have accumulated design experience in various stages, completed a number of design projects, and learned the design methods, design depth, working procedures, information processing, external consultation and preparation of design documents in various stages of offshore oil development engineering design.
By completing the design project with experts, 19 more than 200 technicians from major professional companies have been trained and improved in design technology and professional knowledge: they have learned the basic working methods of experts; Learn to apply international standards and norms to design; Learned to write all kinds of small calculation programs. At the same time, I also learned the methods of modern management design projects and trained some project managers. In the design work guided by experts, I also know that the management of foreign design projects is mainly a project management method, which is a method to organize and realize target management through project managers, and its core is quality control, schedule control and cost control.
(iii) Technical cooperation
In order to learn and master the advanced technology and experience of overseas offshore oil development engineering design as soon as possible, we have designed together with 36 experts from 5 companies in 4 countries in the form of project cooperation. For example, Qiongshen Natural Gas Pipeline Project, firstly, the feasibility study of offshore gas field development in Hainan Island was carried out with Global Picture (GLDBAL) and JGC (JGC), focusing on the feasibility study of adopting liquefied natural gas (LNG) as the downstream utilization scheme, and the related expenses were borne by each; Secondly, we cooperate with Nova. Sichuan Design Institute and Pipeline Design Institute are invited to conduct detailed feasibility study and conceptual design of pipeline engineering. Cooperate with the PLE company of the Federal Republic of Germany, mainly with the Petroleum Pipeline Design Institute to design the pipeline foundation; Cooperate with British KPKENNY company to carry out the basic design of Qiongshen Strait pipeline crossing; In cooperation with Universal Pictures UK and Hudson USA, the upstream and downstream of Weizhou 1 1-4 and Jinzhou 20-2 condensate gas fields have been basically designed.
Seven, pay attention to extensive domestic technical cooperation.
On the basis of introducing, digesting, absorbing and transferring foreign advanced technologies, we should fully mobilize and give full play to the technical and talent advantages of relevant domestic universities and scientific research institutions, and actively promote the application and development of new technologies in combination with the actual needs of offshore oil exploration, development and production to meet the urgent needs of foreign cooperation and self-operated exploration and development. According to incomplete statistics, it has cooperated with more than 20 scientific research institutes such as Institute of Geology and Geophysics of China Academy of Sciences, and dozens of universities such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, China Geo University and Petroleum University, with a total of 77 scientific research projects and 3 1 project successfully developed. Most of these research results are applied to production practice, which promotes the development of offshore oil technology.
During this period (from the Sixth Five-Year Plan to the Seventh Five-Year Plan), 303 advanced offshore oil technologies were introduced, and foreign oil companies received 230 technical trainings. The head office sent 65,438+0,394 people abroad for technical exchange, 3,222 technicians abroad for training and 65,438+0,36 people abroad for degree study. All kinds of technicians trained through these activities later became the technical backbones of various positions and management backbones at all levels. A considerable number of technicians replaced the work of foreign personnel and held important technical positions in cooperative oilfields.