Based on my experience in bidding for two 600MW units in Shentou Project and my learning experience of standards, this paper discusses how to control the project cost well in the bidding stage under this new pricing mode.
1 Bidding Bill of Quantities
Bidding bill of quantities is the basis of bill of quantities valuation. The bill of quantities should accurately reflect the quantities in the process of engineering construction, as one of the bases for compiling pre-tender estimate, bidding quotation, calculating or adjusting quantities and construction claims, and truly reflect the bill of quantities in the process of construction, which is the basis for both tenderee and bidder to seek benefits.
2 The main characteristics of the tender bill of quantities and its valuation basis
2. 1 Main features of the bidding bill of quantities 2. 1. 1 Effectively control consumption, and the bidder will quote the quantities provided by the tenderer. In addition to reviewing its engineering quantity, bidders will also roughly calculate its engineering quantity, and make their own quotations according to each engineering quantity, so as to avoid blindly reducing or greatly expanding consumption, thus ensuring the construction quality of the site. During the construction, the bill of quantities provided by the tenderer requires the design institute to conduct careful investigation and analysis on the site to determine more accurate quantities. 2. 1.2 completely liberalize the price, which is decided by the bidder. "Full liberalization" means that all the prices related to the evaluation price are liberalized, and the government cost management department regularly or irregularly releases price information without controlling its own enterprises. Bidders should predict these prices in advance before bidding, otherwise some unexpected risks may be borne by themselves after winning the bid. 2. 1.3 orderly market competition is the main competitive advantage among bidders except their own core advantages. To show their competitive advantages, bidders must have strong cost management ability, flexible and comprehensive information, advanced construction technology level (material price system, construction scheme and data accumulation system) and efficient software tools, all of which should be reflected in the tender offer.
2. 1.4 Dilute the pre-tender estimate and win the bid at a low price. During the bidding period, bidders should introduce competitive information according to the characteristics of their own enterprises, and win the bid at a reasonable price "not lower than the cost" on the premise of ensuring quality and progress. Among them, the pre-tender estimate is only the owner's pre-tender estimate in bidding and plays a reference role in the bid evaluation process. 2. 1.5 regulates the behavior of the tenderee in this project, and the tenderee mostly adopts the comprehensive evaluation method in the bid evaluation process. This method not only pays attention to the total price, but also pays attention to the composition of each sub-price, so as to judge whether the bid is responsive and whether the quotation is reasonable, which is conducive to standardizing the behavior of the tenderer and realizing the principles of fairness, justice and openness. 2.2 Basis of bidding bill of quantities: Taking this project as an example, the materials on which the bidding bill of quantities is based are: (1) Pricing Standard for Bill of Quantities of Electric Power Construction Projects; (2) The valuation basis and method promulgated by the local competent construction department; (3) Reference cost index of thermal power engineering quota design; (4) Bidding documents of similar projects, supplementary notices during bidding, answering minutes before bidding and clarification reply documents; (5) Engineering survey, geological and hydrological survey data, construction scheme and construction technology.
3 the concept and characteristics of tender offer under the mode of bill of quantities valuation of electric power engineering
The tender quotation of electric power engineering bill of quantities refers to the project cost quoted by the bidder in response to the requirements of the tender documents, excluding the material cost purchased by the tenderer. In the process of project implementation, it is found that it has the following characteristics, which is different from the quota pricing model. (1) The bill of quantities is priced in the form of comprehensive unit price, which includes labor cost, material cost, construction machinery use fee and management fee, profits and risk expenses within a certain range. It can be seen that this form is more suitable for project bidding. (2) The bill of quantities quotation requires bidders to pay attention to analyzing the project unit price according to the market situation, and fully reflect the bidder's real on-site actual construction ability in the quotation, so as to reflect the purpose of fair competition and select the best bidder. (3) The quotation of bill of quantities reflects the physical consumption of the project, which is convenient to combine the actual situation of the construction project, the static pricing model based on the budget quota and the dynamic pricing model with various factors in the unit price. (4) The contract signed according to the bill of quantities is unit price contract in principle. After the unit price is determined after winning the bid, the unit price cannot be adjusted at the time of completion settlement, that is, the quantity price remains unchanged. (5) Bill of Quantities quotation is beneficial to the implementation and control after the project starts, and the project composition and unit price composition of quotation must meet the requirements in the process of project implementation, which is beneficial to the payment of project funds. (6) Bill of Quantities quotation is conducive to strengthening contract management, clarifying the responsibilities of both parties, realizing reasonable risk-taking in project construction, enabling both parties to play different roles in the contract, and enabling the contract to be better implemented.
4. The influence of power engineering bill of quantities valuation on project cost control in bidding stage.
Both the tender offer and the pre-tender estimate are prepared by the physical method, and the bidder's offer is based on the quantity in the bill of quantities in the tender documents, and the consumption, price and rate adopted are all market fluctuation values, so that the contract price can better reflect the nature and characteristics of the project cost and be closer to the market value.
5. Key points of control in bidding stage under bill of quantities pricing mode of power engineering
In the bidding stage of this project, do a good job in market-oriented market research carefully, give full play to the initiative and enthusiasm of all market participants, encourage competition, reasonably arrange the bidding and procurement of equipment, materials, projects and services, and reduce the procurement cost. After the design institute puts forward the bill of quantities, it organizes relevant project management units and cost consulting units to seriously and fully discuss, modify and improve the bidding documents, determine the bidding control price, and select the winning bidder. The following is a summary of some experiences, and it is also something that needs to be improved in this respect for some similar projects: 5. 1 Pay attention to the preparation of bidding documents, and carefully prepare and analyze the bidding documents of engineering projects, such as pre-bid answering questions, bidding instructions, contract terms, bidding document format, bill of quantities, technical terms, design drawings, bid evaluation standards and methods, etc. Many of them are directly related to the determination and control of project cost. The bidding documents not only stipulate the bidding procedures, but also stipulate various technical conditions and requirements, which directly affect the bidding price.
5.2 Pay attention to the preparation of bill of quantities. The personnel who prepare the bill of quantities should know the bidding scope and relevant information of the project, and accurately calculate the quantities according to the construction conditions, design drawings and technical specifications to avoid mistakes. 5.3 Pay attention to the evaluation of the bid evaluation process. When reviewing the tender offer of the tenderer, the comprehensive evaluation method is adopted, and the sum of the scores of each part of the bidder is multiplied by the corresponding weight, which is the final score of the bidder. Business quotation is divided into two parts: bid evaluation price and rationality of bid evaluation price, in which bid evaluation price accounts for a larger score. 5.4 Pay attention to the audit of pre-tender estimate preparation. Before the bidding stage begins, we should be market-oriented and make preparations for market research seriously. After the bill of quantities is put forward, the tender documents shall be carefully and fully discussed, revised and improved to determine the tender control price (that is, the pre-tender estimate). The pre-tender estimate price audit should not only meet the tenderer's requirements for time limit and quality, but also comprehensively consider the natural and geographical conditions of the project location. The pre-tender estimate evaluation can be used as the pre-tender estimate standard, which is more authoritative, accurate and rigorous.
6 conclusion
The cost control in the bidding stage plays an important role in the cost control of the whole power engineering construction project. We should pay attention to the comprehensive control of the compilation of bidding documents, the compilation of bill of quantities, the bid evaluation in the process of bid evaluation and the agreement of contract terms, so as to ensure the smooth progress of bidding and control the project cost at a reasonable level.
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