B2B e-commerce refers to the business activities between enterprises through the Internet or private networks. Enterprises here usually include manufacturing, circulation (commerce) and service enterprises, so B2B e-commerce can be divided into two types, namely, e-commerce between specific enterprises and e-commerce between non-specific enterprises. E-commerce between specific enterprises refers to enterprises that have been trading in the past or will continue trading after certain transactions, and use information networks to design, develop markets and manage inventories for the same economic benefits. The business activities carried out by traditional enterprises through modern computer network means in the supply and marketing chain belong to this category. E-commerce between non-specific enterprises refers to finding the best partner for each transaction in an open network and conducting all transactions with partners. Its biggest feature is that both parties to the transaction do not take permanent and continuous transactions as the premise.
Compared with traditional business activities, B2B e-commerce has the following five competitive advantages: (1) makes the information exchange between buyers and sellers cheap and fast. Information exchange is the basis for buyers and sellers to realize transactions. The information exchange of traditional business activities is carried out by telephone, telegram or fax, which is different from the Internet information (including images; Voice, text information) transmission is different. (2) Reduce the transaction cost between enterprises. First of all, for sellers, e-commerce can reduce the promotion cost of enterprises. That is, release enterprise-related information (such as enterprise product price list, new product introduction, business information, etc.). ) and promoting corporate image through the internet can be more economical and effective than traditional TV and newspaper advertisements. Because providing multimedia information such as photos and product files of enterprises on the Internet is sometimes better than the "thousands of words" of traditional media. According to IDC survey, advertising on the Internet can increase sales by 10 times, while the cost is only110 of traditional advertising. Secondly, for buyers, e-commerce can reduce procurement costs. The traditional procurement of raw materials is a complicated process. Using the Internet, enterprises can strengthen cooperation with major suppliers, organically combine raw material procurement and product manufacturing processes, and form an integrated information transmission and processing system. According to the report of General Electric Company, they can save 30% purchasing cost by using e-commerce purchasing system, including 20% labor cost and 10% material cost. In addition, with the help of the Internet, enterprises can also seek the best suppliers in the global market, not just a few original businesses. (3) Reduce enterprise inventory. In order to cope with the unpredictable market demand, enterprises usually need to keep a certain inventory. The high inventory policy of enterprises will increase the occupation cost, which may not guarantee that products or materials are marketable commodities; The enterprise's low inventory policy may hinder the production plan and delay the delivery. Therefore, seeking the optimal inventory control is one of the goals of enterprise management. E-commerce based on information technology can change the problem of inaccurate and untimely information in enterprise decision-making through the Internet, transmit market demand information to enterprises for decision-making and production, and at the same time transmit demand information to suppliers for supplementary supply in time, thus realizing "zero inventory management". (4) shorten the production cycle of enterprises. The production of a product is the result of the cooperation of many enterprises, so the design, development, production and marketing of the product are most likely to involve many related enterprises. Through e-commerce, the phenomenon of unnecessary waiting caused by closed information in the past can be changed. (5)24 hours/day uninterrupted operation, increasing business opportunities. Traditional transactions are limited by time and space, while Internet-based e-commerce operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and online business can reach the market range that traditional marketers and advertising promotions cannot reach.
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Take our system as an example, which mainly includes EDI center, bank, manufacturer, logistics center and shopping mall.
EDI is an electronic data exchange tool, which is the product of the combination of modern computer technology and network communication technology. It directly exchanges and processes information services between computer systems in enterprises with standardized and standardized file formats, and electronically between computer application systems through network systems. The whole process needs no manual intervention or at least manual intervention to realize paperless data exchange. Improve the efficiency of enterprises. The EDI center interface includes three functions:
①EDI message management: EDI message forwarding-> EDI message query
② Customer code management: registered enterprise information-> Customer code query
Online banking refers to a service system that connects customers' computer terminals to banks through the Internet or other public information networks, so as to deliver banking services directly to customers' offices or homes. It shortens the distance between customers and banks, makes customers no longer limited by the geographical environment and service time of banks, breaks through the limitations of spatial distance and physical media, and can enjoy online banking services without leaving home. The corporate banking interface includes three functions:
① Online transfer
② Enterprise deposit inquiry
(3) Enterprise accounting inquiry
In e-commerce, with the development of information technology, the production and sales models of production enterprises will constantly change. E-commerce standards stipulate the basic procedures that should be followed in developing e-commerce, and usually exchange data in EDI message format. In order to combine e-commerce with traditional business systems, most enterprises' e-commerce is designed completely according to the physical business processes. The internal management interface of production enterprises includes six functions:
① Order management: order submission.
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Text response->; Order message change-> Order sending-> Order change confirmation-> Order acceptance message-> Order inquiry
② account management: receivables inquiry->; Payables inquiry-> Receipt confirmation-> Generate financial account->; Payment confirmation-> Generate financial account->; Generate sales account-> Sales account inquiry-> Financial investigation
③ Delivery management: generate delivery orders-> Invoice inquiry
④ Inventory management: fill in the outbound order-> Issue Doc Query-> The goods have arrived-> Inventory inquiry
⑤ Statistical management: monthly sales statistics-> Classified sales statistics-> monthly financial statistics
⑥ Basic information inquiry: EDI Center information inquiry-> Bank information inquiry
As a third party undertaking transportation tasks, logistics center is also an indispensable part of e-commerce. By default, the system provides two logistics centers for manufacturers to query the corresponding invoices. The internal management interface of logistics center includes four functions:
① Account management: receivables inquiry-> Receipt confirmation-> Generate financial account->; Financial investigation
② Delivery and arrival management: invoice confirmation-> Payment confirmation-> Generate delivery notice-> Send delivery notice-> Go through the delivery formalities-> Generate arrival notice-> Has arrived-> Invoice inquiry
③ Basic information inquiry: EDI center information inquiry-> Bank information inquiry
Shopping mall is one of the indispensable roles in e-commerce. On the one hand, as a seller, it provides various goods for individual consumers online shopping. On the other hand, shopping malls can also be used as buyers to conduct business activities with other shopping malls or manufacturers. The system provides users with 20 shopping malls. Click "Online Mall" on the home page of the system, and select any mall to enter the main page of the mall. The internal management interface of shopping malls includes six functions:
① order management: generate orders-> Order message sending-> Order message change-> Order change message sending-> Order change confirmation-> Order acceptance message-> Order inquiry
② accounting management: accounts payable query->; Payment confirmation-> Generate purchase account-> Purchase account inquiry-> Generate financial account->; Financial investigation
③ Delivery and arrival management: delivery notice confirmation-> Confirmation of arrival notice-> Arrival notification query
④ Inventory management: fill in the receipt document-> Receipt Doc Query-> Inventory inquiry
⑤ Statistical management: monthly purchasing statistics-> Classified purchasing statistics-> monthly financial statistics
⑥ Basic information inquiry: EDI Center information inquiry-> Bank information inquiry
The whole process is:
1. Shopping malls register edi, and banks-shopping malls choose manufacturers-manufacturers choose logistics companies.
2. The shopping mall generates the order-the manufacturer accepts the order-the manufacturer sends the delivery notice to the logistics company-the logistics company sends the delivery notice to the manufacturer-the logistics sends the delivery notice to the manufacturer.
-Receiving goods at the mall-Handling delivery formalities-Generating arrival notice-The mall sends arrival notice to the manufacturer-The manufacturer sends payment notice to the mall-The mall transfers money to the bank-The manufacturer
Receive payment
3. Each role performs the work of generating financial accounts for receiving and sending.
In this process, EDI Center will generate corresponding EDI business files, as shown below:
1 The online shopping mall sends orders to production enterprises.
2. The manufacturer sends a reply order to the online mall.