The project plan and its related activities carried out by Canadian geological institutions are high in science and technology, which accelerates the informationization of Canada's economic, social and environmental sustainable development decision. The service object of Canadian geological information involves every corner of Canada, including government, enterprises, shareholders and the public. To sum up, it includes the following aspects:
(1) International organizations and societies (used to formulate and apply standards);
(2) Associations and alliances (used to formulate and apply technical requirements);
(3) Federal government agencies at all levels (for providing and using data);
(4) Agents of federal government agencies at all levels (for establishing databases, services and software tools);
(5) domestic and foreign investment companies (used to query data);
(6) Military institutions (used to query data);
(7) National security agencies (used to query data);
(8) Primary and secondary school teachers (for maps and geological knowledge);
(9) University teachers and students (for the research and utilization of geological information);
(10) Private enterprises (for value-added services);
(1 1) Software development IT enterprise (used for system development and value-added services);
(12) Canadian citizen (for value-added services and data query);
(13) Foreigners (used to query data).
The service goal of geological information in Canada is to provide real-time, first-class geoscience and geoscience products and services for the government, enterprises, shareholders and the public, and make contributions to improving the quality of life of the Canadian people.
Second, service providers.
(A) the scope of service providers
Geological information service providers have a wide range, including information content providers, fund providers, developers directly involved in information system development, and service channel (mode) providers. Their personnel come from Canadian geological institutions and their partners at federal, provincial and regional levels, as well as private enterprises, alliances, universities and non-profit scientific research institutions and other departments. They often directly participate in the formulation of Canada's national spatial data policy and the decision-making of information construction management.
(II) Types of service providers According to the actual situation of Canada's human geography, service providers can be divided into three aspects: by organization, by the content of services provided, and by the way of providing services.
1. by organization
Organizations at all levels in Canada are organizers, organizers, investors, coordinators, content providers, system developers, close partners and loyal users of information services, and they each play an important role in information construction.
(1) Associations and alliances. Spatial information associations and alliances encourage their members to cooperate effectively, share information resources, share all kinds of information and business opportunities involving their immediate interests, and formulate technical standards and policies for information services and implementation.
Governments at all levels can get technical support, standards for information sharing and suggestions on policies and regulations for informatization construction from associations and alliances when formulating and implementing informatization strategies; At the same time, they are also an important channel for the government to contact users of information services, from which we can get all kinds of criticisms and suggestions on informatization construction.
(2) the federal government. In informatization construction, the federal government mainly plays the following roles: leading and organizing national informatization construction projects; Coordinate various information development activities of federal government agencies; Liaison and coordination of international geospatial information technology activities; Providing (including direct and indirect) national databases; Provide national electronic network to realize access to federal database; And realize networking with provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities; Formulate and issue various laws and policies to guide the construction of information systems and the realization of information services.
The federal government is responsible for formulating policies and regulations on various information services and encouraging communities and citizens to use information service systems. The federal government considers the requirements of all aspects, including subordinate units, provinces, cities, industries, research institutes and citizens, and formulates unified information access policies and security protection policies to eliminate various barriers between them. The federal government is also responsible for establishing various international cooperation relationships and supporting the development and growth of various companies in the field of geospatial information services in Canada.
The federal government departments that provide geospatial data mainly include the Ministry of Natural Resources and its two subordinate departments: the Geological Survey of Canada and the Geospatial Information Department of Canada, which are specifically responsible for providing the geological information base of Canada's land and sea areas, as well as providing professional and real-time spatial positioning information, survey information, maps, remote sensing data and their geographical reference information of Canada's land and sea areas.
(3) provincial and regional governments. The functions of provinces and autonomous regions in informatization construction mainly include: leading and coordinating various geological informatization construction projects within their respective jurisdictions; Lead subordinates to implement information system construction and provide all kinds of data and information; Liaise and coordinate the construction of subordinate township information service system and various activities; Provide (including direct and indirect) provincial or regional databases; Authorize countries to use these data in the construction, maintenance and update of large-scale databases.
Provincial and local governments are the direct beneficiaries of information services, and they need to use all kinds of geological information when making policies and decisions. In addition, the provincial government directly encourages the construction of urban information service system and plays an extremely important role in the construction of information service data providing database. Another role of provincial and regional governments is to play an important role in the construction of national geological information data and service system, and is the main provider of data.
(4) the town government. In the informatization construction, the town government mainly plays the following roles: leading and coordinating the construction of various geological information service systems within its jurisdiction; Liaison and coordination of geological information service activities in various provinces and regions; Provide (including direct and indirect) town-level databases.
The town government should strengthen the construction of geospatial information, share spatial information and make full use of geographic information to serve the community. In order to do this, the town government should strengthen its contact with the federal government and regional governments to ensure its contribution to information services.
(5) Universities and academic institutions. Canadian universities and research institutions have close cooperation with the government and private enterprises. Through such joint research, all kinds of geological information are generated, providing institutions with research data, services and experiences for information services. In addition, through the construction of information service system and system, a large number of talents have been trained for information service in Canada.
The Canadian government has always emphasized cooperation with universities and academic institutions, supported them to carry out academic research, encouraged scientific research results to be transformed into commercial products and social services, and provided more opportunities for Canadian industry. Universities and academic institutions are also the core users of information services. In their research, they constantly discover new problems, create new ideas, discover new methods and provide new services.
(6) Organization for Standardization. Standardization organization is the link between government, enterprises, scientific research institutions and universities, and provides various service standards and technical requirements for geospatial information services. These technical standards are an important guarantee for spatial information to enjoy services. At the same time, through this close cooperation, ISO has also created an open and extensible software application system interface (API) for the development and maintenance of information service systems.
International standardization organizations (such as ISO) will continue to influence the development of spatial information technology and the construction of service systems. Therefore, maintaining a close relationship with ISO is an important task for the Canadian government, which will help to ensure the consistency of information system construction and service. At the same time, adopting the technical requirements formulated by the standards organization can ensure the openness and interactivity of the system.
(7) business. The business community provides various products and services for Canadian information services to meet the needs of customers, developers, professionals and the education industry for geospatial information. Enterprises need to understand the value of geospatial data and services and the significance of developing information services, and use these data and services to create various application systems to meet the various requirements of end users. In the construction and development of the information service system, we should also fully understand the needs of the industry and provide various business opportunities for its development. In Canada, business community is an important bridge between information service platform and end users, which provides more service contents, methods and application systems for information service.
(8) citizens. Citizens are the direct or indirect providers of information technology and information, and they directly affect the decision-making of service system and mode. Citizens can provide data, personalized services and application systems for the system. At the same time, they play an important role in publicizing and encouraging other user groups to participate in the information service system. Citizens can benefit from the information service system and add luster to the information service, but ordinary citizens have no direct influence on the construction of the service system.
2. Display the content according to the content provided by the service.
The Canadian government fully realizes that content is the core of service and a long-term and arduous task of information service. The quantity, variety and quality of content determine the quality and profit of information service. The following is the division of service provision according to the content provided.
(1) policies and regulations. Formulating information service policies and regulations in line with international norms and national conditions is an important link in information construction, and Canada has a relatively complete legal system. The provisions of laws, regulations and policies involve all levels of the country. Generally speaking, the construction of information service laws and regulations should obey national laws, such as private property protection law, privacy law and public property protection law. On this basis, the federal government and the provincial government have also formulated some relevant laws and regulations, and the municipal level in Canada can also formulate relevant supplementary laws, which are called "by-laws" and only apply to this city.
(2) Standards and specifications. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), government, universities, scientific research institutions and various international associations make joint efforts to formulate norms and standards for various information services and open and extensible software application system interfaces.
(3) data. Organizations and individuals providing data can be divided into six categories: international partners, federal governments, provincial and regional governments, municipal governments, scientific research institutions and citizens.
(4) Books, materials, images, audio and video. In addition to the above institutions, it also includes various publishing institutions.
(5) Components and tools. Government agencies at all levels and private enterprises.
(6) application system. Government agencies at all levels, private enterprises and citizens.
3. Classification according to service delivery mode
According to the ways and channels of geological information and technical services, information service providers can be divided into the following categories:
(1) library. Almost every city and community in Canada has its own library, and the headquarters of large enterprises also has its own reference room, which provides a large number of books, documents, images and audio-visual geological materials.
(2) professional bookstores. In cities with obvious geological characteristics, such as Calgary, there are professional bookstores in geology, but the scale is very small.
(3) Portal website. With the development and popularization of information technology, information service system based on Internet has been widely used. Websites and portals are important channels for obtaining data and information, and also provide the most abundant geological information.
(4) educational institutions. Generally, universities have a large number of geological materials and libraries, and the teachers of the school also teach students geological knowledge directly. It is also an important place for vocational training.
(5) community. Canada attaches importance to community construction, and community is also an important place to provide geological knowledge and geographic information.
Third, the service content.
Specifically, the online products of the Canadian Geological Information Network mainly include geological maps, reports, current research, comprehensive reports, open literature, Canadian geology, papers, economic geological reports and papers. Its data resources cover agriculture and forestry, deposit geology, energy, environment and climate change, geochemistry and geochronology, geophysics, land survey and geographic information system, hydrology and glaciology, remote sensing and so on.
At present, the online service of the Canadian Department of Earth Sciences divides the above products and services into eight directions: library products, publication products, data products, map products, image collection products, other service products, children's products and teachers' products, explains the purchase channels of different products and services, and publishes the approved price list of products and services for the convenience of users.
See table 3- 1 for the main products and services provided by geological information providers in Canada.
Table 3- 1 product and service table
sequential
The main purchase channels are: Canadian Geological Survey, Canadian Map Office, Canadian Air Force, bookstores and sales channels of National Aerial Photo Library.
Fourth, the service mode.
Traditional information service mode, online service based on network and agency service are three service modes of Geological Survey of Canada.
The traditional information service mode is basically on-site face-to-face service, and service providers contact users directly or through letters, telephones, emails and faxes.
With the rapid development of high-speed Internet, online services based on network are in the ascendant. Geological information providers provide users with online maps, images, pictures and other resources, mapping tools and services and related website link information through portal websites. Users can browse, query and download spatial information through the Internet, or customize online services.
In addition, geological information providers are also authorized by institutions to provide services.
Many provinces in Canada have adopted the mechanism of government-authorized institutions to provide services. The government authorizes the corresponding private business departments or institutions, which are responsible for the same information services. The specific operation process is that the government agency signs a formal agreement with the commercial data production department, and the government agency gives the commercial data production enterprise exclusive rights (copyright, use right, release right, etc.). ) to public data, allowing them to edit, maintain or digitize the spatial data formed by public investment. Operators pay royalties for the digital map information they sell, or buy conventional map products from Canadian geological institutions at a certain discount price.
In this way, most of the government's retail functions are transferred to private dealers or regional sellers, and appropriate discounts are given. Regional sales centers are usually located in provincial surveying and mapping institutions, providing federal and provincial maps for dealers.
Traditional information service mode and online service mode based on network are two widely used ways in social service of geological information in various countries. Among them, the online service mode based on network is more and more favored by users, and it is also the development trend of geological information publishing service in the future. The mode of providing services by authorized institutions is a unique service mode developed by Canada in combination with its vast territory, and it has also been adopted by Australia and other sparsely populated countries. The Canadian government and commercial departments or institutions form a tree-like sales structure of Canadian geoscience products, which not only reduces the workload of the government, but also facilitates users to obtain geological information and increases the business opportunities of Canadian commercial institutions.