Conventional power submarines mainly increase battery capacity, develop hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, sodium-sulfur batteries and superconducting motors with good performance, and improve underwater maneuverability; Equipped with efficient integrated sonar, towed sonar and underwater acoustic countermeasure equipment to increase underwater detection distance and improve underwater acoustic countermeasure capability; Improve the range, hit accuracy and strike power of missiles, and increase anti-missile capabilities such as multiple warheads;
Improve the speed, range and depth of torpedo and make it intelligent; Further improve the automation level of driving, detection, weapons and power systems.
The submarine has good concealment, large combat radius, strong assault capability and strong independent combat capability. In naval warfare, it is not only the nemesis of transport ships, but also the adversary of large and medium-sized combat ships, especially aircraft carriers.
Among the 42 aircraft carriers sunk before World War II, submarines sank 17 aircraft carriers, accounting for 40.5%, of which submarines sank 15 aircraft carriers alone and cooperated with aviation to sink two; Of the 38 injured aircraft carriers, 9 were injured by submarines, accounting for 23.7%.
In the mid-1970s, in a multinational joint exercise in the Mediterranean, Egypt's conventional power submarine successfully broke through the direct alert of the American aircraft carrier formation and conducted periscope reconnaissance and photography at a very close distance from the aircraft carrier, but no aircraft carrier and its alert force were found.
In the mid-1980s, a Soviet attack nuclear submarine tracked USS Kitty Hawk for a long time in the Sea of Japan, but it collided with the aircraft carrier because it was too close. It was not until the Soviet submarine was forced to surface that the American aircraft carrier found each other.
1982, submarine troops were widely used by both Britain and Albania in the naval battle of Ama Island. Argentina's old-fashioned conventional submarine "St. Louis" successfully broke through the tight blockade of the Anglo-American mixed fleet, swam in the blockade area of Falklands for more than a month, and launched torpedo attacks on British aircraft carriers three times. Only because the submarine fire control system failed, it posed a serious threat to the formation of British aircraft carriers.
Although the British aircraft carrier formation has a strong anti-submarine capability and constitutes a strict anti-submarine alert, it is extremely afraid of the actions of Argentine submarines, and often makes raids several times a day because of the discovery of unknown underwater targets.
The British nuclear-powered attack submarine "Conqueror" sank the Argentine cruiser "General Bei Grana" escorted by two anti-submarine destroyers. This is the first successful war case since the advent of nuclear-powered submarines, which provides strong evidence for nuclear-powered attack submarines to attack modern large warships.
In the existing maritime combat forces, both surface ships and shore-based aviation have shortcomings such as limited combat radius and weak survivability. Only when the aircraft carrier enters the effective operational radius can it be attacked.
Aircraft carrier formations are deployed far away from combat targets in most combat operations because of their wide operational scope and good maneuverability. In this case, only submarine forces can make a surprise attack on it.
In more than half a century after the end of World War II, despite the great development of anti-submarine weapons, seawater is still an effective barrier for submarine concealment.
According to the materials recently praised by NATO, during the Cold War, 89% of submarines tracked by NATO to China, especially Soviet submarines, were false targets, 28% of the targets found could occupy the attack, and only 7.7% were likely to succeed. In other words, it is not easy to find, locate, attack and destroy underwater submarines, even for modern naval powers.
Compared with air defense, the anti-submarine defense of aircraft carrier is relatively weak. Take the most modern large aircraft carrier of the US military as an example. An aircraft carrier battle group has 10 S-3A anti-submarine aircraft and 8 SH-60B anti-submarine helicopters, plus a small number of anti-submarine helicopters carried on the direct warning ship, so it is difficult to carry out careful anti-submarine warning in the sea area where the aircraft carrier is active all day and in all directions.
There are many ships in the aircraft carrier formation, including submarines under water and planes in the air. The organization and command are complex, and the underwater space search is prone to blank areas. There are many noise sources in aircraft carrier formation, which often worsen the working conditions of submarine sonar and bring difficulties to underwater submarine identification. Especially in the submarine activity area of aircraft carrier formation, in order to prevent accidental injury, even if anti-submarine aircraft find submarines, they generally dare not attack them easily.
In World War II, this happened many times, which made the attack submarine occupy a favorable attack position. The aircraft carrier itself has many large-capacity cabins similar to hangars, and a large amount of water in these cabins will cause the aircraft carrier to lose its buoyancy reserve and stability.
In World War II, only 23.7% of aircraft carriers were injured by submarines, but 40.5% were sunk, indicating that torpedoes launched by submarines played a great role in aircraft carriers.
When carrier-based aircraft take off and land, the carrier must travel at high speed against the wind, but when preparing for the next wave of aircraft flight, the speed is slow and the course and speed are relatively fixed, which also creates favorable conditions for submarines with relatively slow speed to occupy favorable attack positions. At the same time, the development of modern submarine equipment also makes it possible for submarines to attack aircraft carriers.
In World War II, when submarines attacked large warships like aircraft carriers, they must first break through the layers of vigilance. Modern submarines equipped with cruise missiles and long-range wire-guided/homing torpedoes can occupy attack positions and carry out precise attacks beyond the direct or short-range warning range of aircraft carriers.
The underwater speed of a nuclear-powered attack submarine is equivalent to that of a large surface ship (cruising speed), so it can occupy a favorable position from different directions, carry out multiple attacks in battle positions, and carry out catch-up attacks if necessary.
With the increase of submarine speed, noise reduction and diving depth, coupled with long-range weapons, the concealment of its action and the rapidity and suddenness of its attack will be further enhanced, which will definitely pose a real threat to large and medium-sized combat ships such as aircraft carriers. The exchange rate between submarine and aircraft carrier is 3 ~ 5: 1. That is to say, losing three to five submarines can sink an aircraft carrier.
Therefore, when organizing the assault enemy aircraft carrier formation, the expected combat effect can be achieved by using no less than three submarine tactical groups. That is to say, even if two submarine battle groups (about five ships) are lost in the assault on the aircraft carrier formation, as long as 1 submarine tactical group (2-3 ships) breaks through the direct warning of the aircraft carrier formation and attacks, the index of seriously sinking the aircraft carrier can be achieved.
The combat action of submarine attacking aircraft carrier is that submarine troops are launched from base or sea to standby area first. That is, when the superior gives the order to use submarine forces to attack the aircraft carrier, it is necessary to quickly organize submarine forces to arrive at the scheduled submarine combat sea area from the base or from the sea according to the position of submarine forces.
We should choose submarines with good concealment, strong maneuverability and strong assault to attack aircraft carriers. Conventional power guided missile submarine, long-range torpedo submarine, low-noise submarine and nuclear-powered torpedo submarine can be selected.
Secondly, it is necessary to carefully determine the sea area and timing of attacking aircraft carrier formations. The sea area against the aircraft carrier formation should be chosen in this sea area or the only place that is conducive to the activities of submarine forces and where the aircraft carrier formation is most likely to move.
The timing of the assault should usually be chosen when the aircraft carrier flies and picks up the plane; When the integrated supply ship supplies the aircraft carrier; When the meteorological conditions at sea are bad; When the deployment of anti-submarine alert of aircraft carrier is disrupted or dispersed.
Third, we must break through the alert and occupy the launching position. Because the maximum range of the weapon used by the submarine is not far enough, the submarine must break through the anti-submarine alert on the second and third floors of the aircraft carrier formation to occupy the launching position.
Therefore, the alert-breaking operation should make full use of the time slots between the alert forces at all levels of the aircraft carrier formation. If conditions permit, the breakthrough of weapons can replace the breakthrough of troops, give full play to the power of long-range firepower and carry out over-the-horizon attacks on the enemy.
Finally, it is necessary to carefully organize the evacuation of submarine troops. After the assault on the enemy aircraft carrier, the submarine force will be exposed to a great extent, and the enemy formation and other supporting anti-submarine forces will inevitably counterattack the exposed submarine crazily.
At this point, the submarine force should quickly take deep and hidden actions and evacuate as soon as possible. If possible, long-range aviation can be organized to harass, attack or feint the enemy to cover the evacuation of submarine troops.
A ship that can dive underwater for activities and operations. Also known as submarine. The main types of naval vessels. Good concealment, great strength, strong endurance and strong assault. It is used for attacking strategic targets on land, large and medium-sized surface ships and submarines, attacking coastal facilities and important targets on land, laying mines, reconnaissance and sending special personnel to land. Submarine hunter
Submarine chaser is a small combat vessels, which is used to search and attack submarines at sea, patrol, guard, escort and mine. Small tonnage, fast speed, flexibility and strong ability to search and attack submarines.
The displacement of the submarine is below 500 tons, the speed is 24-38 knots, some can reach 50 knots, the endurance is 700-3000 nautical miles, and it can sail continuously 10 day and night.
The boat is equipped with 4~ 12 anti-submarine torpedo tube, 2~4 deep-water bomb launcher and 1~6 20~76 mm naval gun. In addition, there are electronic warfare systems, command and control automation systems, various sonar and radar.
Diving first appeared in World War I, with a displacement of no more than 100 tons and a speed of about 10 knots. There is no sonar and other search equipment, only optical instruments are used to search submarines that have surfaced. Modern submarine hunting is equipped with various sonar and anti-submarine weapons, and the ability to search and attack submarines is greatly improved.