I found a team on the grass in the park. The team walked into a winding path. What is this? I came down to have a look. Oh, so it's the ant team. They are busy! One group of ants moved out of the cave, another group of ants carried food into the cave, and another group of ants shuttled back and forth, as if directing other ants to work. ...
Out of curiosity, I took out a paper cup, poured some mineral water into it, caught some ants and put them in. Faced with this sudden "flood", these ants panicked and struggled desperately in the water, their tentacles kept swinging, as if sending out a distress signal. After a brief panic, the ants seem to be no longer afraid. They spread their legs and stirred the mineral water in the paper cup as if they were paddling. Gradually, several ants gathered together, as if discussing ways to escape from the flood. While discussing, the ants waved their tentacles as if telling other partners how to escape. Finally, these ants swam to the edge of the paper cup step by step and escaped from the "flood". Then, these ants quickly climbed out of the paper cups, lined up neatly and joined the army.
After a while, I put a cookie not far from the ant. Gee, ants are so smart. They can smell cookies. An ant first climbed to the edge of the biscuit, circled the biscuit again and again, and then climbed up. Then, four or five ants crawled over. They crawled around on the cookies and touched the antenna with the ants coming in front, as if whispering something. About a minute later, these ants climbed back to the team of the big army together. Why did these ants walk away without eating cookies? Aren't cookies delicious? After a while, a large group of ants came to the biscuit and looked at it. It was dozens of times bigger than its own body. They seem to be worried about whether they can move it. After a long time, these ants kept swinging all over, as if doing warm-up exercises. Then, the ants get under the cookies. Oh, that big cookie was taken by Qi Xin, an ant. I was really surprised to see the ants carrying cookies back to the cave step by step. It turns out that the collective power is so strong. No wonder as the saying goes-"If people are United, Mount Tai will move"!
One day, my friends and I were playing outside. Suddenly, we found a group of ants busy doing something. I heard that ants are afraid of the smell of mothballs and want to do an experiment to prove whether this is true.
First, we caught two small ants. We drew a line in front of the ants with mothballs. The ant turned around and broke through the defense line and ran away. How did the ants get away without thinking? Aren't ants afraid of the smell of moth balls? The mystery is unsolved, and with curiosity, we caught two small ants.
As before, we drew a line in front of the ant, and the ant turned around and broke through the line. We drew a line in front of the ants, and the ants tried to break through and approach the line, as if to say, this line is just trying to trap us! You underestimate us! Ha ha ha ~ ~ ~ ". As he spoke, the ant proudly rushed over and drew a line. I think this experiment must have ended with 0 again. When I sigh here, the ants seem to be blown back by a gust of wind, and they dare not break through the line drawing.
When the ants were exhausted and weak, we drew a big circle around them Ants seem to be getting smarter now, and they don't want to break through line drawing as before. Ants have lost their arrogance and pride. Wandering in the circle, calmly looking for the exit.
We gradually narrowed the circle. It seems that ants can't stand the smell of mothballs any longer. It seems to be begging: "Please leave us alone! We really can't stand it, we were too arrogant just now ... "Finally, we narrowed the circle to less than 1 dime, and the ants stopped wandering and lay motionless on the ground. Ants may be too tired, and the smell of mothballs is unbearable, so they left this world. Hope to adopt
The experiment of ants tells us that science is everywhere. As long as you have the will, you will find that science is around us.
Ant-Introduction Ant is an animal that people are very familiar with. They can be found all over the world, except Antarctica, especially in the tropics. Ants are also very old animals, which have lived on the earth for more than 100 million years. There is no recognized data on how many kinds of ants exist on the earth. The sources of various materials are different, which may be related to the fact that ants are too small and widely distributed. At present, there are about 500 species of ants living in China. The size of ants varies greatly from species to species, ranging from peanuts to sesame seeds. Judging from the body color, there are many kinds of ants, such as red, black, brown and yellow, and a few have metallic luster. The life of an ant goes through several stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult, and the whole development process takes about 8 to 10 weeks. Their feeding habits are complex. Generally speaking, lower species are carnivorous or omnivorous, while higher species are phytophagous.
In the insect world, ants are advanced social animals, and they often move in groups. Ants in each ant colony can generally be divided into three categories: breeding ants, worker ants and soldier ants. Both male ants and fertile female ants have wings. Shortly after mating, the male ants died, the female ants lost their wings and began to nest and lay eggs. The earliest eggs were taken care of by the mother ants from hatching to growth. The food of these little guys comes from the mother ants, which is equivalent to the milk of mammals. As time goes by, these "children" grow up slowly, and all the "housework" is undertaken by them, and the mother ant becomes the queen ant responsible for laying eggs in this "family". The number of eggs laid by the queen every day varies slightly according to different species, generally around 500 to 1 000. An ant queen can lay tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands or even more eggs in her life. Because her abdomen is constantly expanding due to the development of ovaries, even her food has to be fed by worker ants, and her movements have to be carried by worker ants. Another clever trick of the queen ant is that she can lay eggs with or without fertilization, and unfertilized eggs will develop into male ants. Only a few female ants are fertile and must stand on their own feet when they grow up. Those infertile female ants become worker ants and soldier ants. Worker ants and soldier ants have no wings. What we usually see crawling on the ground are basically worker ants.
Worker ants in the ant colony are the hardest. They are responsible for nesting, foraging and raising offspring. Soldier ants have developed heads and their maxilla is much larger than that of ordinary ants. It is a weapon to attack other animals. When attacked by other ant colonies, they will fight to the death. Sometimes we will see piles of dead ants on the ground, which are the bodies left by the warring sides. In addition, a few kinds of worker ants have spines in their bellies, which can release poisonous juice to resist the enemy's harm.
In the insect world, the social behavior of ants is the most complicated. From the point of population size, there are hundreds of thousands to millions, such as military ants, and dozens to thousands, such as home ants; From the point of view of ant nests, most of them are built deep underground or under stones, buildings or near the roots of plants. A few kinds of nests are above the ground to form anthills, while others are built on trees. From the perspective of living habits, it is even more varied. There is a military ant that lives in tropical South America. They don't build nests, but usually line up and wander around the jungle, sweeping away all kinds of insects and invertebrates they meet along the way. Snakes, scorpions, lizards, scorpions and other animals are doomed to meet them, except that the ant colony rests for a few days and then migrates with its larvae when the queen lays eggs periodically. There is also a honey ant that feeds on honeydew produced by aphids. They have the ability of grazing, which can help aphids spend the winter, migrate from one plant to another, and resist attacks from other natural enemies. Aphids are like their "cows"; There is also a headless grape ant living in Africa, and its living habits are also very interesting. Its queen deliberately let the fragrant ants drag it into the nest, and then bite off the head of the fragrant ant queen, turning the worker ants of the fragrant ants into its "slaves", and the laid eggs are taken care of by these enslaved worker ants. Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait
In the ant world, except for the male ant's compound eye and three monocles, the eyesight of female ants and worker ants is highly degraded, and they mainly rely on the tentacles on their heads to perceive external things. The antenna has two functions: one is to find out the surrounding environment, for example, when encountering obstacles, it can sense their size, shape, hardness and so on, and the same kind also transmits information by touching the tentacles. Secondly, it has a sense of smell. Ants can secrete some chemicals with a "family" smell from the anus at the end of the abdomen and the glands in the legs, and stay as "signposts" along the way when going out. They won't get lost when they move dozens of meters away from their nests, and they can find their "home" by smelling them. In addition, according to the smell, you can quickly identify your family and prevent outsiders from mixing in. The smell left by ants can last for a long time. If it is accidentally destroyed, they can also locate their nests according to the sun.
Although ants are not big, they are not small in strength. It can carry 65,438+000 to 400 times its own weight and pull 65,438+0,700 times its own weight. For human beings, no one can lift an object more than three times their own weight. So ants are well-deserved strong soil in the animal kingdom. Why are ants so powerful? Scientists have found that the bones on the limbs of ants grow outside the muscles, and their muscle fibers contain special enzymes and hormone proteins, which can release huge energy with almost no activity and almost no loss, which is incomparable to other animals. This characteristic of ants has aroused great interest in bionics. They tried to make an "artificial muscle engine" with only a small amount? The energy utilization rate can reach 70% to 90%. Ants are also born "mathematicians". When an ant encounters an immovable object, it will inform other workers in the nest to help. These workers who come to help can just move objects, and they have reached a very accurate level in determining the amount of labor according to the moving objects.
When I was 6 years old, I once played downstairs. Suddenly, the sky was overcast and the wind was cold, and my little hand was cold. Seeing that it's going to rain cats and dogs, I'm sitting on the ground silly. Guess what I'm doing? Haha, I'm watching the ants carefully. I scratched my little head with my hand. "Ah! Why are there so many ants? It's weird. What are those white things on their backs? Out of curiosity, I touched one of the ants with my little hand. As soon as I got there, the ants ran away in a panic, and I applauded happily. How embarrassing! " My heart is deeply attracted by this group of ants.
"Boom ... boom", the thunder was deafening, the sky was getting darker and darker, and the ants ran faster and faster. The thunder gave me the creeps, but I persisted and wanted to see what had happened. I squatted there and watched intently, sneezing with cold, and the picture of ants moving kept appearing in my mind. It suddenly occurred to me that when it was about to rain, people hurried home. Isn't that the same? I am very happy, because after all, I came up with it myself. But think about it, what does it carry? This needs my further observation. At this time, my mother ran to my side, hugged me and ran upstairs and said, "Oh, you scared me to death!" " What are you doing there? I was so worried. "
Back to the warm home, I sat on the sofa and asked my mother breathlessly, "What was the ant carrying before it rained?" Mother brought me thicker clothes and asked me to change them. Then she said, children, they are carrying food! Food is hard to find because of the rain. That little hole is the bird's nest. They are moving food inside. Don't do such a stupid thing next time! I suddenly realized: "Oh! I see! "
Ant is an insect with social life habit, belonging to Hymenoptera. Antennas of ants are obviously knee-shaped, and there are one or two nodules in the abdomen. Generally speaking, they have no wings. Only males and infertile females have wings during mating, and females lose their wings after mating. Ants are completely abnormal insects, and they only develop into adults through the stages of eggs, larvae and pupae. Ants have no ability in the larval stage and do not need to eat. They are completely fed by worker ants. Worker ants take care of queens and larvae in the first few days after they develop into adults, and then gradually begin to do more complicated work, such as digging holes and collecting food. Some kinds of worker ants are different in size, with developed heads and big teeth, and are often responsible for fighting and defense.
Ants are definitely experts in architecture. There are many compartments in the nest, and these compartments have their own uses. There is an ant in the desert, whose nest looks like a castle from a distance, 4.5 meters high. When those nests are abandoned, some animals will use them as their nests. Their 4.5 meters is equivalent to 4500 meters of human beings. Generally speaking, the center of the nest is for the queen, whose task is to eat, mate and have children. The ant nest is solid, safe and comfortable, and the roads extend in all directions. There is a circle of soil outside the ant nest. There are also some places where food is stored, which are ventilated and cool, warm in winter and cool in summer, and are not afraid that food will go bad easily.
ant
At present, there are 283 genera of 2 1 subfamily (using the main classification system of 16 subfamily, compared with the system of 2 1 subfamily, the new system divides several subfamilies from Formicidae subfamily). Generally small, with four colors of black, brown, yellow and red, the body wall is elastic, smooth or hairy. Chewing, the palate is developed. The antenna is knee-shaped, with 4~ 13 nodes, long-handled nodes and 2~3 nodes at the end. The abdomen 1 or 1 and 2 are knotted. Divided into winged or wingless. The front foot has a large spacing and is comb-shaped. It is a corner cleaner (used to clean tentacles). The shape of ants is divided into three parts: chest and abdomen, and has six legs. Ant eggs are about 0.5 mm long, irregular oval, milky white and worm-like translucent larvae. Worker ants are small, with a body length of about 2.8 mm and a brown body. Through careful observation, it is easy to find an ant. Both male and female ants are bulky. The abdomen is obese, the head and chest are brown, the first half of the abdomen is brown, and the second half is brown. Male ants are about 5.5 mm long. The female ant is about 6.2 mm in length. The common ants in indoor environment are Lao Wang ant and Xiao Huang Jia ant.
Ants are the most common insects on the earth and the largest number of insect species. Because all kinds of ants are social groups, they were called "ants" in ancient times. According to modern morphological classification, ants belong to bees. Ants can survive anywhere with their living conditions, and they are the most resistant creatures to natural disasters in the world. It is a polymorphic social insect. It is estimated that there are only about half of the ants-about 1 1700 species at present. More extensive research on ant fauna is needed. There are more than 600 kinds of ants in China. Ants belong to Arthropoda, Insecta, Hymenoptera and Formicidae. At present, there are four common ants in China: yellow ant, big-headed ant and Rochelle ant.
Edit this ant's life 5645
Mayi housing
Ants generally nest underground, and the scale of underground nests is very large. There are good drainage and ventilation measures. General worker ants are responsible for nesting. The entrance and exit are mostly a small arched mound with a volcano-like hole in the middle. Secondly, there are ventilation holes. Every room in the nest has a clear classification. They also like wet and warm soil. They usually live in arid areas, but it is little known that they can barely survive in water for two weeks.
Ant life span
Ants live a long life. Worker ants can live for a few weeks to 3-7 years, while queens can live for more than ten years or decades, or even more than 50 years. An ant nest can grow in 1 place 1- 10 years.
Species and division of labor of ants
Ants develop into completely mutated forms. All ants live in social groups. Generally speaking, there are four different kinds of ants in a group. 1. Queen ant: The female with reproductive ability, or female ant, or queen ant, is the largest in the colony, especially with large abdomen, developed reproductive organs, short antennae, small chest and feet, wings, wings falling off or no wings. The main responsibility is to lay eggs, breed offspring and manage this big family. 2. Male ant: or father ant. Small head, undeveloped upper jaw and slender tentacles. It has developed reproductive organs and external genitalia, and its main function is to mate with the queen ant. 3. Worker ants: capable ants. Wingless, undeveloped female, usually the smallest individual in the group, but the largest number. The compound eye is very small, and the monocle is very small or not. The maxilla, antennae and three pairs of pectoral feet are well developed and good at walking. Worker ants are infertile. The main duties of worker ants are to build and expand nests, collect food and feed larvae and queens. 4. Soldier ant: "Soldier ant" is a common name of some ant species, and it is a female ant without reproductive ability. With a big head and a well-developed upper jaw, it can crush hard food and become a sharp weapon in fighting when defending groups. Ants set up groups, but also through marriage and flying to know the beginning. Love at first sight after acquaintance, mating in flight or after flight. The groom won't live long. soldier ant
The ants died soon after mating, leaving the "widow" queen ant to live a lonely life alone. The queen ant takes off her wings and chooses suitable soil and place to nest underground. She is "fighting alone" and her strength is limited. She can only temporarily build a small room as a place to live, so that her pregnant body has a delivery room. After the eggs in the body mature and produce, the larvae hatch and the queen ant is busy. Every young ant is fed food from her mouth until these young ants grow into adults and can live independently. When the first workers grow up, they dig holes to the outside world to find food, and then expand the building area of their nests to provide housing for more and more family members. From then on, the queen ant who had suffered a lot sat down to enjoy life and became the commander-in-chief of this big family. The work of raising young ants and feeding queens is undertaken by worker ants. But the queen will continue to mate and produce fertilized eggs to breed everyone's ants.
Family. There are many forms of ant nests, most of which nest in underground soil, dig tunnels, secret rooms and houses, and pile up excavated materials and leaves near the entrance to form hills for protection. Some ants use leaves, stems and petioles of plants. Build nests and hang them on trees or rocks. Other ants live in rotten wood in forest areas. More specifically, some ants nest in or near other kinds of ant nests; There is no dispute between the two "families" and they can live in harmony. This kind of ant nest is called mixed ant nest, but it is actually heterogeneous. No matter different ants or ants of the same species, the number of ants in a nest can be very different. The smallest ant colony has only a few dozen or nearly a hundred ants, and some have thousands, while the big ant colony can have tens of thousands or more. In the broad-leaved forest in the south of China, there is also a kind of jumping-tailed ant, whose tail with pliers is often tilted and ready to attack. He has a strange temper and often deals with trees. It likes to build a nest the size of a football on the tree with sapropel and old bark chewed from the tree, and then mix it with sticky juice from its mouth. The nest is divided into many layers. Male ants, queen ants and worker ants live in it respectively. Children are born in the nest and become an "independent kingdom". At first, there was a tree and a bird's nest. When the ant colony is too big and a new queen is born, the new queen leads some worker ants to build new homes. Sometimes there will be fierce territorial battles. In order to catch other insects on the tree for food, it can run on the branches and leaves of the crown with slender and powerful feet. If two trees are close together, they can skillfully bite each other's hind feet, hang each other down, drift with the wind and shake them to another tree, forming an "ant cable bridge". In order to connect the road between two trees for a long time, the worker ants who undertake the task of bridging can be changed constantly. All the food on the tree was caught. They got off the tree in droves and rushed to catch small animals on the ground. Once the prey is caught, the jumping-tailed ant will inject anesthetic solution with claw needle to make the prey unconscious, and then pull and pull, even a mantis or earthworm weighing more than 100 times can be easily dragged back to the nest by them. The feeding habits of ants vary greatly among different subfamilies and different species. Generally, it can be divided into carnivorous, phytophagous and omnivorous. Ants work hard most of the year. So where do they go to feed in the cold winter? How do they spend the winter? It turns out that smart ants are prepared before winter comes. They first carry weed seeds so that they can sow next year; At the same time, ants are moved to transport aphids, scale insects, horned cicadas and gray butterfly larvae to their nests for the winter, and absorb excrement from these insects as food (milk honey). Why do ants know that winter is coming? From the perspective of modern science, this instinct of ants is controlled by their annual biological clock, in other words, they make good food reserves during the winter according to the operation law of the annual biological clock. The creatures formed by interaction with ants have reached an amazing level. There are more than 52 families, 465 species of plants, thousands of animals, and a large number of unknown fungi and microorganisms. Ants are using extraordinary survival strategies-planting fungi, harvesting seeds, grazing honey-producing insects, nesting, cooperative predation, social parasitism and slavery-which greatly stimulated the curiosity of scientists and the public. Microscopic photos of ants
The secret that ants can live in every corner of the world is that they live in a very organized group. They build nests together so that their eggs and offspring can grow safely in them. There are different kinds of ants, and each has its own special responsibilities. When the queen lays eggs, most of the eggs will develop into females. They are called worker ants. They are responsible for building and defending nests, taking care of queens, eggs and larvae and looking for food. At a certain time, males and new queens will be born. They have wings and fly out of their nests in groups. After mating, the male ants die, and the new queen ants begin to live the life of another group. The queen ant is the most important member of the ant colony. It is the only one who can lay eggs. This means that it is the mother of all ants in this group. Worker ants feed it, clean its body and take its eggs to another place to take care of it. Some Australian ants use their worker ants as a living storage box. When worker ants collect a large amount of nectar, a sweet liquid from flowers, and swallow it into their bodies, and their bodies become swollen, they will hang themselves from the ceiling of their nests until other ants need to eat the nectar stored in their bodies. The soldier ants are foraging in the woodland. In order to find food, they sometimes line up in woodland. They are always hungry, so they will attack almost anything, sometimes even large mammals. Different ants eat different foods. Harvest ants eat seeds. They collect seeds in the cellar. Leaf-cutting ants eat mushrooms. They take leaves underground to cultivate mushrooms. Some ants store insects called aphids, and they extract a sugary substance from aphids as food, which is very similar to the way humans milk cows. According to scientists' research, ants lack sugar in caves, which is very unfavorable for their growth and development. In order to find enough sugar, once ants find something sweet, their tentacles will harden independently, which is the nature of ants. Ants are very social insects and communicate with each other through pheromones emitted by their bodies. When ants find food, they will spread pheromones on the food, and other ants will instinctively drag things with pheromones back to their holes. When an ant dies, its pheromone still exists. When other ants pass by, they will be attracted by pheromones, but dead ants will not communicate with each other (touch their tentacles) like live ants, so their bodies with pheromones will be taken back by their companions as food. Usually, such corpses are not eaten as food, because apart from pheromones, each nest of ants has its own specific smell, and things with the same smell will not be attacked, which is the basis for good cooperation with ants in the same nest. In the process of marching, ants secrete a pheromone to guide the ants behind them to take the same route. If we cross the ant's marching team with our hands and interfere with the pheromones of ants, ants will lose their sense of direction and crawl around. So let's not disturb them casually. Microscopic photos of ants
Ants are typical social insects, which have three elements of social insects, that is, individuals of the same species can cooperate with each other to take care of their larvae; Have a clear division of labor system; And future generations can take care of the previous generation for a while. In addition, it should be pointed out that "termites" are not ants, and termites are very different from ants in physiological structure except for their different social life habits. Biological behavior refers to the adaptive activities that organisms can perceive from the outside. Behaviorism is the study of these activities. Morphology and behavior were first noticed by people, but it was not until the19th century that people obtained the theoretical weapons and experimental means for the study of biological behavior. The theory of evolution has raised the behavior of animals to an adaptive level. At present, the classification of biological behavior is very confusing. From the perspective of heredity and development, it is generally divided into innate behavior and acquired behavior, namely instinctive behavior and learning behavior. However, this classification method is not commonly used, and people generally classify according to the function of behavior. Unfortunately, this classification method is not strict, and there are a lot of overlapping areas.
Edit this paragraph. Why can an ant move something dozens of times heavier than it?
Why are ants many times stronger than themselves? Ants are small animals in the animal kingdom, but they have great strength. If you weigh the ant and the things it carries, you will be very surprised! The weight it lifts is almost 100 times its own weight. No one in the world has ever been able to lift anything more than three times his own weight. In this sense, ants are much more powerful than people. Where does the strength of this Hercules come from? It seems that this seems to be an interesting mystery. After a lot of experimental research, scientists finally debunked this "mystery". It turns out that the muscle in the ant's paw is a very efficient "prime Mover", which is several times more efficient than the aero-engine, so it can generate considerable power. We know that any engine needs a certain amount of fuel, such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene or other heavy oil. However, the "muscle engine" is provided by a special fuel. This "fuel" does not burn, but it can also release hidden energy and convert it into mechanical energy. Without combustion, there will be no heat loss, and the efficiency will naturally be greatly improved. Chemists already know the composition of this special "fuel", which is a very complex phosphorus compound. In other words, in the claws of ants, there are billions of tiny motors as power. This discovery aroused scientists' strong desire to make an artificial muscle engine. From the development point of view, if powerful and dexterous automation equipment like ant claw is used in technology, it will cause fundamental changes in technology, and then the emergence of elevators, cranes and other machines will be completely new. At present, the cranes we use generally work by motors, but the efficiency of doing work is far from that of ants. Why? Because thermal power generation relies on burning coal to turn water into steam, and steam drives the impeller and drives the generator to generate electricity. In this process, chemical energy is converted into heat energy, heat energy into mechanical energy, and mechanical energy into electrical energy. In these processes, part of the heat energy generated by combustion runs away in vain, and part of it is consumed by overcoming the friction generated by mechanical rotation, so the efficiency of this engine is very low, only 30 ~ 40%. Ant "engine" uses special "fuel" in muscle to directly convert it into electric energy, with little loss, so it has high efficiency. Inspired by the ant "engine", people made a fuel cell, which directly converted chemical energy into electrical energy. This battery uses fuel for redox reaction to generate electricity directly. It has no combustion process, so the efficiency is very high, reaching 70 ~ 90%.