Today's monarchs build palaces, but this is different: they must extort money from the people, plunder their food and clothing to build palaces, build winding terraces, and pay attention to color carving and decoration. Building palaces is so (extravagant) that people around us follow this practice, so money can't be used (wasted) to cope with famine and help the widowed, so the country is poor and the people can't govern. If the monarch really wants the world to be governed rather than chaotic, then building a palace should be frugal.
People in ancient times didn't know that they were wearing hides and straw ropes when making clothes. It was neither bright nor warm in winter nor bright nor cold in summer. The holy king thought this was not in line with human feelings, so he began to teach women to deal with silk and linen and weave clothes for the people. The rules for making clothes are: Hanfu made of raw silk and hemp is light and warm in winter, and Hanfu made of kudzu vine is light and cool in summer, that's all. Therefore, it is enough for a saint to make clothes only for the fit of his body and the comfort of his skin. Don't boast of his eyes and ears and dazzle his ignorance. At this time, no one knows the value of a strong car and a good horse, and no one knows how to appreciate carving. Why? This is the result of teaching. Therefore, the wealth of people's clothes is enough for every family to prevent floods, droughts and fierce hunger. Why? Because they know the truth of self-reliance and are not tempted by the outside world, the people are frugal and easy to govern, and the monarch saves money and is easy to get rich. The national treasury is full enough to cope with extraordinary changes: soldiers are not bad and scholars are not tired, which proves that ministers are disobedient, so the cause of overlord can be realized in the world.
However, the clothes made by monarchs nowadays are light and warm in winter and light and cool in summer, which are already available. They must also extort money from the people, rob them of their food and clothes, and use them to make gorgeous clothes, use gold as hooks for ready-made clothes, use pearls and jade as decorations, work for women, carve for men and wear them on their bodies. This is really not for heating. Money and manpower are spent on useless things, so it seems that they make clothes not for health, but for beauty. Therefore, it is difficult for people to be pedantic, but it is difficult for you to be extravagant. It is impossible to rule the eccentric people with a luxurious monarch. I hope the country will not be chaotic. If the monarch really wants to govern the world well and hates chaos, he must be frugal when making clothes.
In ancient times, people didn't know that when cooking, they only ate vegetarian dishes and were separated from each other, so saints got up and taught brave sons to plow and grow crops for people to make food. The principle of diet is to replenish qi and deficiency, and it is enough to strengthen the body and fill the stomach. So they save money, support themselves, live frugally, the people are rich and the country is stable. Now, this is not the case. We collect money from ordinary people and enjoy delicious cattle and sheep, steamed grilled fish and soft-shelled turtles. The king of a big country has hundreds of dishes, and the king of a small country has more than ten kinds of dishes. They are placed in front of the square, and they can't see all the dishes with their eyes, their hands and their mouths. It is freezing in winter and stinking in summer. The king pays attention to diet, and ministers around him follow suit. So the rich are extravagant, and the lonely are frozen and hungry. In this case, even if we don't want the country to be chaotic, it is impossible. If you really want to rule the world well and hate its chaos, you must save your diet.
People in ancient times didn't know that when building ships and cars, heavy things couldn't be moved and far places couldn't be reached, so the holy king began to build ships and cars to facilitate civil affairs. They only want to be strong and light, able to carry heavy objects and travel long distances. The cost is low, but the benefits are great and people are willing to use them. Therefore, the law can be exercised without urging, and the people have enough money without hard work, so the people have surrendered to him. Nowadays, boats and cars made by monarchs are different. Ships and cars are already strong and light, and they have to extort money from the people to decorate them. Draw colorful pictures on the car and carve them on the boat. Women abandon textiles to describe literary colors, so people are cold; Men leave agriculture to carve, so people go hungry. The monarch built ships and cars like this, and the surrounding ministers followed suit. The people were hungry and cold, and they had to do evil. More evil leads to heavier punishment. If the punishment is heavy, the country will be in chaos. If the monarch really wants the world to be well governed and hates chaos, he must build ships and cars to save money.
2. Translation of Classical Chinese "The Holy King Fu Wei" The monarch of ancient sages wrote a letter to the funeral to be frugal, saying:' Wearing three layers of clothes (only for the dead) makes the flesh rot, and the coffin is only three inches long and makes the bones rot. Don't dig the grave to the same depth as the spring water, the water outside will flow into the grave. After the dead are buried, the living should not mourn for too long.
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In ancient times, when there were people, there were no palaces, so they dug caves under the mounds and lived in them. The sage monarch is worried and thinks that digging holes can "avoid the cold in winter", but in summer, the bottom is wet and the top is exposed to the sun, which may damage the essence of the people, so building houses will benefit the people. "But what's the use of building a house? Zi Mozi said: "The fence can keep out the cold, the roof above can keep out snow, frost and rain, the house is clean and can be used to worship the gods, and the partition wall can be used to distinguish between men and women." The sage king never does anything that costs money but is not good for the people. "
3. Interpretation and Translation of Classical Chinese for Palace Renovation in Song Dynasty in Ding Wei During the reign of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu, Kaifeng, the capital, caught fire and many palaces were destroyed.
Ding Wei, State Councilor Right and the third ambassador, was appointed to be responsible for rebuilding the palace. Building a palace requires a lot of soil. Considering that the distance from the construction site to the outside of the city is too long, Ding Wei is both laborious and laborious.
Ding Wei ordered to dig holes in the streets of the city, which saved a lot of working hours. Soon after the excavation, the street turned into a big ditch.
Ding Wei also ordered people to dig an official dike to lead Bianshui to a big ditch, and then transferred bamboo rafts and wooden boats from all over the country to transport all kinds of materials used to build the palace through this big ditch, which was very convenient. After the completion of the palace, Ding Wei ordered people to drain all the water in the ditch, and then added the bricks and rubble discarded during the demolition of the old palace and the construction of the new palace into the ditch, and the ditch became a flat ground and a street.
In this way, Ding Wei achieved three things in one fell swoop, and three projects, such as digging, transporting materials and treating waste rocks, were completed in one fell swoop, saving hundreds of millions of labor costs.
4. The classical Chinese "Mozi Mozi" said: "When the ancients were unknown as palaces, they lived in graves and the people were wet, so the sage was a palace.
As a palace law, it is said that the room is high enough for tide, the side is cold enough for cold, the building is high enough for snow and frost, and the palace wall is high enough to bid farewell to men and women. This is the ending (2). Anyone who wastes money and labor and has no benefit will not do it.
Service (3), repair its battlements, * * * without injury, use its regular (4), collect its rent, * * * without illness. The people suffer for this, and they are generous and bitter to the people.
Therefore, the sage is a palace, which is convenient for life and does not think about viewing music; It is not surprising that shoes are convenient to wear as clothes. Therefore, saving the people is based on the premise that the people of the world can get it, and the money is sufficient.
The master of today is a palace, which is different from this. We should gather the people and rob them of their food, clothing and wealth, thinking that the palace will carve Huang Qing.
If the palace is like this, it is like the law on both sides. It is because its wealth is not enough to treat the hungry and lonely, so the poor people in the country are difficult to treat. You want to rule the world, but you hate its chaos. It is necessary to make a palace.
In ancient times, clothes were unknown. Although the belt was tight, it was warm in winter and dry in summer. The holy king thought he didn't love others, so he pretended to teach his daughter, cure silk and hemp, and spread cloth and silk for the people.
For the law of clothes, it is enough to practice silk in winter, light and warm; In summer, embarrassment is enough, so let's stop here. Therefore, it is enough for saints to dress, fit their bodies and skin.
Look at those fools without honor. When it's true, a good car and a good horse don't know your price, and you don't know your happiness. What is it?
Therefore, the people are rich in food and clothing, and the family is hungry and cold. Why? It's easy to rule by others' frugality, and it's easy to save money. The treasure is full, or stay; Soldiers are not tired, and sergeants are not tired, which is enough to defy.
So overlord's industry is feasible in the world. Today's host, his clothes are different from this. It is light in winter (5) and light in summer. Everything is available, it will be thick and collected by the people, robbing the people of food and clothing, thinking that the clothing is beautiful and elegant, casting gold as a hook, and pearls and jade as a compliment.
Women work with literary talent, while men work with sculpture, thinking that they wear clothes, which is good for Feiyun. Qian Laodong (6) alone is useless. From this perspective, clothes are not for figure, but for beauty. It is difficult to treat because of its lewdness, but difficult to remonstrate because of its extravagance. The husband is a luxury king and is good at defending refugees. He wants the country to be chaotic and can't get it.
You really want to rule the world and hate its chaos, so it is necessary to wear clothes. The ancients didn't know it was divided into vegetarian food, which was made by saints, and taught people to cultivate crops and trees for the people to eat.
It is food, which is enough to replenish qi and deficiency, strengthen the body and nourish the abdomen. So it saves money with money, it feeds itself, prospers, and governs the people and the country.
Today, however, this is not the case. Some people think that food is humble, steamed fish and turtles are exhausted, big countries are exhausted and small countries are exhausted. The former abbot can't see anything, his hands can't exercise anything, his mouth can't taste anything, it's frozen in winter and decorated in summer ... (7) People eat like this, so the left and right sides are like this, which is based on the luxury of the rich and the coldness of the lonely. You really want to rule the world and hate its chaos, so eating and drinking are necessary.
In ancient times, when people were unknown and traveled by boat, the important tasks remained the same, not far away. Therefore, it is not convenient for the holy king to travel by boat. It is the boat that helps each other, and it is solid and light, but it can be long and far away. Less for money, more for profit, mainly folk music.
Therefore, the law is not urgent, the people use it for nothing, and the people don't pay it back. Today's master is a boat or a car, which is different. He has all the advantages and disadvantages, and he has the cheek to be taken away to decorate boats and cars.
Decorate the car with literary talent and decorate the boat with sculpture. Women waste textiles and cultivate literary talents, so the people are cold; Men leave their crops and carve them, so people are hungry.
People are like this, so they like it, because their people are hungry and cold, so they are evil. If there are many evils, the punishment will be deep, and if the punishment is deep, the country will be chaotic.
You really want to rule the world and hate its chaos, so traveling is essential. Everything traced back between heaven and earth, wrapped around the four seas, is the love of heaven and earth, the sum of yin and yang, but it cannot be more sacred.
How did you know? Sages have legends: heaven and earth are also up and down; At four o'clock, it is yin and yang; Human feelings, men and women; Animals also have a public mother. This is a world full of love, although there is no more old king.
Although the world is the most sacred, it must be private and not hurt, so the people have no complaints. There are no women in the palace, so there are no widows in the world.
There are no women in the house, no widows outside, and everyone in the world. Today's monarch also saves private money, and a thousand women in big countries and a hundred women in small countries are tired of it. Therefore, there are fewer men without wives, more women without husbands, and men and women are out of date, so there are fewer people.
You really want the people and hate them, so it is necessary to save money. All these five are the frugality of saints and the lewdness of villains.
Thrift leads to prosperity, and fornication leads to death. These five things are indispensable. Husband and wife live in harmony with heaven and earth, wind and rain live in harmony with grains, and clothes live in harmony with skin.
[Note] (1) This article mainly criticizes the luxurious life of the rulers at that time by comparing palaces, costumes, diets, boats and cars, and private storage. The main idea is basically the same as that in Save Use.
The so-called resignation in this article is to ask you to get rid of these five problems. (2) Sincerity: "Only".
(3) service: when there is the word "all according to the order". (4) positive: pass the "sign".
(5) Sui: the same as "Wen". (6) single: preach "escape".
(7) Decoration: misspelled "嗮嗮嗮". [Vernacular] Mozi said: "When the ancients built palaces, they didn't know that living near mountain caves hurt people, so the holy king began to build palaces.
The rules for building a palace are: the foundation is high enough to keep out moisture, the four sides are cold enough, the roof is high enough to prevent frost, snow and rain, and the palace wall is high enough to separate the inside and outside, which is different for men and women-that's all. Anything that wastes people and money without increasing benefits will not be done.
Distribute the labor force (according to the routine) and repair the battlements, then the people will work hard and not be hurt; Taxes are levied as usual, so people will not suffer even if they spend money. Because the suffering of the people is not these, but the suffering is to extort money from the people.
Therefore, the holy king began to build palaces only for the convenience of life, not for the pleasure of viewing; I started to create clothes and shoes just for the convenience of my body, not for fancy clothes. Therefore, (the holy king) is frugal and teaches the people (leading by example), so that the people in the world can govern and the financial use can be fully utilized.
Today's monarchs build palaces, but this is different: they are bound to extort money from the people and plunder their food and clothes to do business.
5. Classical Chinese translation of the original text:
Ganwu sent people to the state of Qi and crossed the river. The boatman said, "The river is between the ears. You can't cross the river alone. Can you speak for the king? " Ganwu said, "Otherwise, you don't know. There are advantages and disadvantages in everything, and they are willing to treat each other with sincerity, but the victims do not need soldiers; It is better for Xiao Li to catch mice in the palace, away from Wan Li. It's better to be a good general, famous all over the world, and a craftsman is not as good as an axe. Today, I am not as good as a child; It is said that the king of a thousand riders and the Lord of a thousand riders are not as good as Wu. "
From Liu Xiang's Shuo Yuan.
Translation:
Go to Qi to cross a big river. The boatman said, "The river is too shallow for you to cross by yourself. How can you do something that makes the king of Qi happy? " ? "Wu said no, you don't know the truth. Everything has advantages and disadvantages; Do things honestly, carefully, and defeat the enemy without fighting; Good horses like Miracle and Yan Yan can walk thousands of miles a day, but it's worse to leave them at home to catch mice than kittens. Such a sharp sword is not as good as an axe used by craftsmen to cut wood, but I am not as good as you, rocking a boat in the river, lobbying monarchs and kings as you are, and you are not as good as me.
Kill three birds with one stone:
During the reign of Xiangfu, the palace caught fire. Ding was ordered to repair the burnt-out palace, but it was difficult to borrow soil. Ding ordered craftsmen to dig in the street. Within a few days, the street turned into a deep ditch. Ding ordered craftsmen to introduce the river water from the Bianhe River into the ditch, and then used many bamboo rafts and boats to transport the materials needed to repair the palace into the palace along the ditch. After the palace is repaired, the burnt palace will be transported into the palace.
Decided to plunge water into the ravine, draw a bamboo raft, and transport miscellaneous materials from the ravine to the palace gate. When it was over, it turned into a street by rejecting rubble and dust. Kill three birds with one stone and save billions of dollars!
6. Gao Qiu ancient Chinese translation notes: Gao, a native of Pingyang, Taishan, descended from Lu Guogao in Han Dynasty. He was a scholar when he was young, and Xue Juan, the satrap of Mount Tai, appointed him Du You. There was a dispute between the magistrate and Xue Mian, and Xue Mian was reprimanded by his first name. Gao yongjian rebuked the prison army and said, "In the past, Lu was humiliated, and Confucius and Deng Jie defended his dignity;" The prince of Zhao was forced to play Zheng for the king of Qin, and Lin Xiangru was forced to strike Qin for the king of Tang. Calling courtiers by their official names is morally punishable. Hearing this, the supervisor turned pale with fear, and Xue Mian quickly stood up and stopped him. "。 Later, Gao resigned from his official position and took refuge in Jinan. In the eighteenth year of Jian 'an, Mao recruited him as the Prime Minister's Army, and later served as Hou Wenxue in Licheng, and was transferred to the country. When I saw Mao's death, it didn't mean grief. Instead, he plays and hunts everywhere. Gao's outspoken and righteous admonition is very helpful to guide the decrees of governors. In the early years of Huang Dynasty, Ren Tangyang was elected as Pingyuan Wangfu, and Pingyuan Wang acceded to the throne. Appoint Gao as captain, for, doctor and. Ming Di has just acceded to the throne, and some ministers think that a grand banquet should be held. Gao said, "After his death, Yu Shun and the people had three years of mourning and rest, and after Yin ascended the throne, they had three years of meditation, so lofty morality could flourish harmoniously and shine all over the world." Ming Di respectfully accepted his opinion that there should be no grand banquet.
The tomb of the little magpie began to be built, and the magpie built its nest on it. When the emperor asked Gao about it, Gao replied, "The Book of Songs says that magpies build nests and pigeons live in them.". Now that the palace is built and the tomb is built, magpies nest on it, which means that the palace is not built and magpies can't live in it. God seems to mean that if the palace is not built, people with other surnames will rule it, which is exactly what God warned. God's rule is not to favor those close to you, but to give blessings to those with good character, and we must take deep precautions. I can't help but think about it. At the end of Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty, they were kings who inherited their ancestral businesses. They did not respectfully accept God's instructions, only listened to slander and framed others, and abandoned virtue in order to satisfy their own selfish desires, so they perished very quickly. Taiwu and Wu Ding, when they saw the catastrophe, were frightened and worshipped the sign of heaven, so they were furious and excited. Now, if we stop all kinds of hard work, try to be thrifty to meet our needs, pay more attention to good governance, follow the emperor's guidelines, get rid of things that do harm to the whole country and start to bring benefits to the people, then there will be a fourth after the three kings and a sixth after the five emperors. Can only the royal family of Shang Dynasty turn disaster into happiness? I am someone close to and trusted by His Majesty. If I can add happiness to the emperor and keep the country stable, even if I turn to dust and my family is ruined, it will be like the year of my rebirth. How can you be afraid of disaster against the wishes of the emperor, so that your majesty can't hear what is reasonable? "So the emperor changed his face and was shocked.
7. Bole Xiangma, Yan Zhaowang's daughter bought a horse's bone, Jiufang Gao Xiangma, Wang Hai tamed a horse in classical Chinese and Bole Xiangma.
According to legend, the Emperor of Heaven said that Bole ruled horses. People who are kind to others are also called Bole. The leader's real name is Sun Yang Bole, who was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. With its theory of being good at horses, people forget their original words, which can be called Bole, and it has been used ever since. On one occasion, Bole of Chu bought a horse that traveled thousands of miles every day. Bole said to the king of Chu, once in a thousand miles, once in a blue moon. You must go to the party. Please don't worry, you will do it. Bole went to several countries, and even made a detailed visit among the famous horses of Yanzhao, but he didn't win a prize. One day, Bole came back from Qi State and saw a horse pulling a salt cart on the road, struggling to climb uphill. It is difficult for a horse to breathe and take every step well. Bole called a horse, and he had to go to the front. When the horse saw Bole approaching, he suddenly looked up, widened his eyes and said something meaningful. If it's called Bole Road, why bother? Bole knew from his voice that it was difficult for a horse. "This horse gallops on the battlefield, but it is better than all its horses, but his cart is not as good as an ordinary horse. Volkswagen is still sold by it. " . "The emperor people take Bole as a big idiot. This horse feels tired, can't lead the car, eat much, stand firm, and resolutely follow. Bole led the horse and went straight to Chu. Bole rode a horse to the palace of Chu, patted the horse on the neck and said, "I am your good master." "."When Ma Ru saw Bole, she was still before the earthquake, with a long neck and a hissing sound, and went straight into the sky. The king of Chu heard the neighing of horses and walked out of the outer room. Bole said, "Wang, I'll take a horse. Please take a closer look. " . When the king of Chu saw that the horse led by Bole had lost weight, he thought it was Bole's joy and a little unhappy. He said, "I believe you can look at the horse, but it's your horse, but it's hard for the buyer to walk." Can you go into battle? " . "Bole said," Actually, I am a horse, but I have been pulling for a long time and my diet is not refined, so I feel very thin. However, intensive cultivation will definitely restore strength within half a month. "."The king of Chu was a little puzzled, but he ordered people to feed the horses well. As a result, the horse is more energetic. Chu whipped across the horse, but felt that the wind was born in the ear and could be vividly portrayed, far away. Later, Wang Jicheng fought on the battlefield and made many contributions. The king of Chu called Bole an important minister.
8. Read the following classical Chinese and complete 9 (1) D. If you have children after three years of marriage, the word: have children. (2) b A. Personal pronoun, he/adverb, indicating speculation; B. structural auxiliary words, there are; C. pause of pronouns, things/auxiliary words; D. conjunctions/prepositions, because. (3) c 1 means that the financial resources can be doubled, which has nothing to do with "saving money"; (4) the role of cars and boats; ⑤ It refers to increasing population, not "saving money". (4)D "intended to highlight the theme of loving the people and opposing the war" is unfounded in the article. (5)① It is reason: reason, reason; Yes, I can; Xing: Establish. Therefore, the use of finance is not wasted, the people can get something for nothing, and the emperor has established more favorable undertakings. Wind chill: strong wind and cold; Summer rain: heat and rain. What did they build this palace for? Is to resist the wind and cold in winter and the heat and rain in summer. Widow: Reduced. Nowadays, people in power all over the world have used many methods to reduce the population. Answer: (1) d (2) b (3) c (4) d (5) (1) In this way, the use of finance will not be wasted, the people will not suffer, and the emperor will create more favorable businesses. What did they build the palace for? Winter is used to resist strong winds and cold, and summer is used to resist heat and rain. Nowadays, people in power in the world use many methods to reduce the population. Reference: When the people are in power in a country, the wealth of a country can be doubled. When they are in power in the world, the wealth of the world can be doubled. This doubling of wealth is not robbing land from abroad; But according to the situation of the country, it saves useless expenses and is enough to double it. When the holy king was in power, it was of no practical use to issue orders, organize undertakings and use people's power and property. Therefore, the use of property was not wasted, the people could not work hard, and he gained more benefits. What do they make clothes and furs for? It is used to keep out the cold in winter and to prevent heatstroke in summer. Any principle of sewing clothes, warm in winter and cool in summer, can be increased. What can't be added is removed. What did they build this house for? It is used to keep out the cold in winter and to prevent heatstroke and rain in summer. If thieves (intruders) can increase the robustness of the defense, they will get it. Otherwise, what can't be added will be deleted. What five kinds of weapons are they making, such as armor, shields and spears? It is used to resist foreign bandits and thieves. Any armor, shield and five soldiers can increase the difficulty of lightness, sharpness, firmness and folding. What can't be added is removed. What do they make cars and boats for? Cars are used for land transportation and ships are used for water transportation, so as to communicate the interests of all parties. Any principle of making cars and boats can increase portability, thus increasing it; If you can't increase it, remove it. No matter what they do, they always do it for practical purposes. It is not difficult to get rid of the pearls, jade, birds, animals, dogs and horses that princes and adults like to collect, and use them to increase the number of clothes, houses, weapons, vehicles and boats and double them. What's so hard to double? It's just that it's hard for people to reproduce. However, people also have ways to reproduce. The ancient holy king made a law saying: "Men are not allowed to be unmarried at the age of twenty, and women are not allowed to be unmarried at the age of fifteen." This is the law of the holy king. Now that the holy king has passed away, people are allowed to indulge themselves. Those who want to get married early sometimes get married at the age of 20, and those who want to get married late sometimes get married at the age of 40. (People in power now) just don't do it.