Alias Maimendong
source
Source of medicinal materials: Ophiopogon japonicus and its tuberous roots in Liliaceae.
Latin plant and animal mineral name: 1. )Lour。 [Lily of the Valley. ; Ophiopogon japonicus -Gawl] 2。 silver birch
Harvest and storage: before and after long summer or Tomb-Sweeping Day, cut into pieces, washed and dried.
Original shape
1. Ophiopogon japonicus is a perennial herb. Rhizomes are short and thick, with many slender fibrous roots, and the middle part expands into small fleshy roots, which are beaded or spindle-shaped. Leaves clustered; Petiole has membranous sheath; The leaves are leathery and strip-shaped, with a length of 15-30cm and a width of 4-7mm. The flower stems are erect, with a height of 15-30cm and a terminal raceme with a length of 12cm. There are many flowers, usually l-4 flowers clustered in bud axils, and the perianth is lavender or light blue, rectangular or needle-shaped. Pedicel ca. 3-4 mm ovary superior. Berries are spherical and blue-black when they are ripe. The flowering period is May-July, and the fruiting period is 8-65438+1October.
2. Ophiopogon japonicus is a perennial herb. The roots are slender and branched, sometimes expanding into spindle-shaped fleshy small roots, which are larger than authentic Ophiopogon japonicus, with short rhizomes and lignification. Leaves clustered; The leaves are leathery, 25-65cm long,1-3.5cm wide, with veins of 9- 1 1, obvious transverse veins and neat edges. The stem height is 45-100 cm; Racemes are terminal, long 12-40cm, with many flowers, usually 3-8 flowers clustered in bud axils; Pedicel length 4-5 mm; Tepals oblong-lanceolate or suborbicular, purple or reddish purple; Ovary subglobose, stigma 3 dentate. The seeds are spherical, green at the early stage and dark purple at maturity. The flowering period is July-August, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October.
Habitat distribution
Ecological environment: 1. Born in wet places in Shan Ye, under forests in valleys, on roadsides; It is often planted in the south. 2. Born in low mountains, valleys, sparse, under dense forests or wet places.
Resource distribution: 1. Distributed in the southwest and Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangxi and other places. 2. Distributed in East China, Central South China, Sichuan and Guizhou.
Character; Role; letter
1. Character identification (1) The tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus is spindle-shaped, slightly curved, narrow at both ends, slightly thick in the middle,1.5-3.5cm long and 3-5mm in diameter. The surface is light yellow, some are yellowish brown, not full, and there are rough longitudinal wrinkles. Strong fiber, yellow-white section, waxy. The taste is light.
(2) The tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus is cylindrical, slightly curved, slightly rounded at both ends, often with a central column exposed, with a diameter of 0.5- 1.5cm, a yellowish to dark yellow surface with irregular wrinkles and furrows. It is elastic when it is not dried, hard after drying, easy to break, light yellow to yellowish white in section, horny and small in column. Slight breath, sweet taste, sticky to chew.
2. Microscopic identification of Ophiopogon japonicus cross section: some epidermis remains. The root cap is 1-2 rows of lignified cells; There are about 30 rows of parenchyma cells in the cortex, some of which contain needle-like crystal bundles of calcium oxalate, and a few stone cells are scattered outside the inner cortex. The phloem bundle and xylem bundle are about 19, respectively, arranged at intervals, and there are non-lignified parenchyma between each xylem bundle. Transverse section of Ophiopogon japonicus root (middle): epidermis is 1 row of cells, which often breaks or falls off; Root cap is 2-3 rows of cells, lignified; The cells in the outermost row 1 are square and closely arranged, and the outer wall and sidewall are thickened and layered, while the cells in the lower row 1-2 are thinner. The cortex is extremely wide and consists of more than 30 rows of parenchyma cells, some of which contain mucus and needle-like crystal bundles, and the needle-like crystals are 23-58μm long. The outer side of the endodermis is 1 stone-expelling cell, which is square with thickened side walls and inner walls. The endodermis is 65,438+0 rows of rectangular cells, with uniform wall thickening and lignified cells. The middle column is very small, accounting for about 1/8 of the diameter. Phloem bundles 19-24, each at the xylem arc angle. Xylem is connected into a ring by lignified tissues. The pith is sometimes hollow.
chemical composition
1. Ophiopogon japonicus: The root tuber contains steroidal saponins: Ophiopogon japonicus saponins A and B, protosapogenin II of Ophiopogon japonicus saponin A, protosapogenin III of Ophiopogon japonicus saponin A, Ophiopogon japonicus saponin B and β -sitosterol glucoside. It also contains flavonoids.
2. Ophiopogon japonicus: The root tuber contains steroidal saponins: ruscogenin-3-O-α-L- rhamnoside, 25(S)- Roskosapogenin -I-O-β-D- fucose -3-O-α-L- pyranoside [25 (s)-ruscogenin].
pharmacological action
1. cardiotonic and coronary heart expansion effect: The coronary flow test of isolated guinea pig heart showed that the coronary flow of low dose (25% 1.5 ml) Ophiopogon japonicus injection increased significantly (+54.59%), while the coronary flow of high dose (200% l.5ml) decreased (-38.20%). When the coronary flow increases, the cardiac contraction increases, but the heart rate has no obvious effect; When the coronary flow decreases, the cardiac contraction weakens, the heart rate slows down, and even atrioventricular block and ventricular fibrillation occur. The rabbit heart test in vivo showed that the cardiac contraction was obviously enhanced when the dosage of Ophiopogon japonicus injection was 2.5g/kg/kg and 5.0g/kg, and the contraction range increased by 58.23%-97.35%. The positive inotropic effect of 2.5g/kg/kg was not blocked by propranolol and had no obvious effect on heart rate, indicating that its positive inotropic effect seems to have nothing to do with β receptor. This product can also improve the uptake rate of 86Rb in the heart of mice. Intravenous injection of water-soluble extract of Ophiopogon japonicus 1.75g/kg/kg in anesthetized cats can increase the change rate of ventricular internal pressure (LVdp/dt max) by 86%, shorten the time from the start of left ventricular COntraction to ejection (T-DP/DTMax) by 28%, and increase cardiac output (co), cardiac index (CI) and stroke index (SI). The heart rate slowed slightly, and the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased by 48%. Intravenous injection of 0.7g/kg of this product increased LVdp/dt max by 38%, CO by 44%, T-DP/DTMAX by 20% and SVR by 20%. It further shows that this product has cardiotonic effect and can improve the heart pumping function.
2. Anti-myocardial ischemia effect: Injecting the water-soluble extract of Ophiopogon japonicus 1g/kg and 0.75g/kg intraperitoneally into anesthetized rats has a good protective effect on acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rats. The water-soluble extract of Ophiopogon japonicus was injected intravenously into normal rabbits at a dose of 2g/kg, and then a complete myocardial infarction model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery at a high position. After ligation, drugs were injected intravenously, and the millivolt number (σ△ ST) of rabbits was increased at 2, 24 and 48 hours after ST, and the percentage of heart and stool range was calculated by nitrotetrazolium blue (N-BT) staining. The results showed that the ligation Zhσ△ST in Liriope Radix group was 1.0. 0.89 Compared with the control group (2.79 t. 1 1+0), the difference was very significant, and there was no difference in rest time. After 48 hours, the myocardial infarction area of Ophiopogon japonicus group accounted for 7.865438 0.2.87% of ventricular muscle weight, propranolol group was 7.73% 4.76%, and the control group was 20.76% 5.45%, indicating that the water-soluble extract of this product can significantly reduce the myocardial infarction area.
3. Antiarrhythmic effect: Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii injection (1:2) 0.3-1.5ml; Intravenous injection of 100g of body weight in anesthetized rats has a rapid cardioversion effect on experimental arrhythmia induced by barium chloride and aconitine, but the maintenance time is short. This effect is very similar to that of lidocaine on arrhythmia caused by barium chloride. The experimental results of isolated toad heart showed that Liriope japonicus liquid could improve myocardial contractility at low concentration (L: 300 or l: 10: 100), but it had the opposite effect at high concentration (L: 100). Ophiopogon japonicus training liquid can restore the myocardial contractility caused by digitalis poisoning. Intravenous injection of Ophiopogon japonicus hydroalcoholate 2.5g/kg/kg has obvious antagonistic effect on arrhythmia induced by chloroform and adrenaline in rabbits. Intravenous injection of the same dose of Ophiopogon japonicus can significantly increase the threshold dose of aconitine-induced ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest in rats. However, Ophiopogon japonicus hydroalcoholic agent has no obvious effect on arrhythmia induced by toxaphene G in guinea pigs. In addition, intravenous injection of 30 g/kg of this product can cause normal ECG changes in rabbits, such as prolonged P-R interval, shortened QT interval, slow heart rate and low T wave.
4. Other effects: intraperitoneal injection of Ophiopogon japonicus injection (L 2.5-25.0 g/kg) can improve the hypoxia tolerance of mice; Intravenous injection of 2.0-5.0g/kg has no obvious effect on respiration and blood pressure of anesthetized rabbits.
5. Toxicity: Mice were injected with Ophiopogon japonicus injection intraperitoneally, and the median lethal dose observed for 72 hours was 134. 3412.59g/kg. In addition, the experiment showed that the lethal dose of Ophiopogon japonicus injection (L: 1) to mice for 24h was 20.617.08g/kg body weight (95% confidence limit).
Physical and chemical identification: under ultraviolet light, Ophiopogon japonicus slices do not fluoresce, while Ophiopogon japonicus slices fluoresce blue.
Sweet in nature; Slightly bitter; Minor Cold
Indications: nourishing yin and promoting fluid production. Main yin deficiency and lung dryness; Cough with phlegm; Deficiency of stomach yin; Dry mouth and throat; Intestinal dryness constipation
Usage and dosage: decocted, 10- 15g.
Excerpts from Chinese Materia Medica