(a) Qiongzhou Strait train ferry has a number of China firsts.
April 25th, 2006, 5438+0, Taide Hotel around Haikou. The signing ceremony of the first ship construction contract of Qiongzhou Strait train ferry, the first cross-sea train ferry in China, was held here. Tang Jianwei, then general manager of Guangdong Railway Co., Ltd., signed a contract with Chen Jinhai, chairman and general manager of Jiangnan Shipbuilding (Group) Co., Ltd.
The ship was designed by the 708th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry and built by Jiangnan Shipbuilding (Group) Co., Ltd.
Because it is the first cross-sea train ferry in China, which was built by China people with the most advanced new technology and equipment in the world, it has almost become a crater that constantly erupts news.
Yu Baojun, doctoral supervisor of the 708th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry and chief designer of "Guangdong-Hainan Railway 1", began to study the cross-sea train ferry from 1990, and he took the lead in undertaking the national key research project in the Ninth Five-Year Plan.
In his eyes, compared with the river-crossing train ferry built in China in the past, the Qiongzhou Strait with rough waves put forward high requirements for train ferry in terms of anti-rolling and anti-tilting; Compared with ro-ro ships crossing the sea, it has more special requirements for trains; Therefore, it has historical significance in the history of China railway and shipbuilding.
Talking about "Guangdong-Hainan Railway 1", Yu Baojun is a few treasures: the ferry has a displacement of 13000 tons, a total length of 165.4 meters, a width of 22.6 meters, a draft of 5.5 meters and a carrying capacity of 4080 tons. It is an open stern ferry with three decks from bottom to top, which are used for loading trains, cars and passengers respectively. The main deck is the train deck. There are four rails with a length of about 145 m on the train deck at the bottom, which can carry 40 freight trains with a length of 14 m and a weight of 80 tons, and can also carry 18 passenger trains with a length of 26.5 m. At the same time, the car deck on the second floor can also carry 56 cars. There is a passenger room in the back half of the ferry, which can carry passengers 1360 people.
Compared with ordinary ships, this cross-sea train ferry has obvious advantages.
"It has many unique skills." Chen Liye, the first captain, said with deep feelings.
The unique operating system on the ferry is imported from Rolls-Royce, England, with two propellers, two rudders and three lateral propellers. It can push the ship in any direction on the water, turn around in place and move in parallel.
Every time he enters the port, Chen Liye always turns around at the stern and then moves sideways in parallel to facilitate the docking of the ship with the dock. It stands to reason that these seven operating systems should be operated separately, but on the ship, it is very convenient to operate them all with a one-handed control handle similar to the automatic dial of a car. Besides, there are two port cabs and one starboard cabs outside the main cab, which can be operated by a switch button in any cab. If you want to dock at Nangang Ferry Terminal, you should dock on the starboard side. In order to see the starboard situation more clearly, you can operate from the starboard cab.
In Chen Liye's view, driving this behemoth is as easy as driving an automatic car.
Zhou Ke, who is in charge of the joint adjustment of ships, bridges and ports, and senior engineers are full of praise for the intercommunication system on the ferry.
The biggest function of this Intel system imported from Germany is to reduce shaking and anti-roll.
The so-called intercommunication is simply to install three water tanks at the bottom of the ship and giant blowers at the hatch respectively. The rocking frequency and inclination of the ship are automatically detected by computer, and air is blown into the water tank in the opposite direction to the inclination of the ship, thus reducing the rocking frequency and inclination of the ship.
For ships sailing on the sea, especially ships carrying such large objects as trains, the anti-sway of ferries is undoubtedly the first, otherwise the derailment of trains will bring danger. "Yuehai Railway 1" equipped with interlayer has 50% anti-roll ability. The bigger the wind and waves, the better the anti-rolling effect, and it can run smoothly even in the eight-level wind and waves.
Zhou specifically mentioned that this set of links is particularly effective in preventing the train from tilting due to changes in the load-bearing capacity of the hull when boarding and disembarking. In the recent joint debugging of ship, bridge and port, the limit test of similar destructive test was carried out on "Guangdong-Hainan Railway 1". The designed load capacity of the train is 3,200 tons, and the allowable load in the test is 3,700 tons; The design is more than 600 tons, which is more than 800 tons. Zhou said cheerfully: "Before the intercommunication started, when the ferry was over 800 tons, the alarm sounded. Less than 1 minute and a half after opening Intel, the hull recovered its balance. It has been proved that it can ensure that the inclination of the ship is between plus and minus 0.5 degrees, even if there is only one train on it, the ferry will not tilt. "
The "Guangdong-Hainan Railway 1", which passed the joint adjustment of ship, bridge and port, has withstood the test of Qiongzhou Strait. It takes only 45 minutes to cross the Qiongzhou Strait, which is half the time for existing ships to cross the sea.
(b) Trestle-unprecedented high technology.
Matching the cross-sea train ferry is the train ferry pier and the railway trestle. In design, ferry, trestle and wharf are all complementary.
The South Port and the North Port of Guangdong-Hainan Railway, which are located on the north and south sides of the Taiwan Province Strait, are L-shaped seaports surrounded by two breakwaters. The train trestle is a very important link after the ferry enters the port.
Wang, a senior engineer of Jiangnan Shipbuilding (Group) Co., Ltd. said: "Jiangnan Shipbuilding Group built train ferries for railways in Nanjing, Wuhu and Pukou in the early days of liberation. As long as the ship is commissioned at the shipyard, it will be driven away by the owner. The reason why we have more than 90 people coming from thousands of miles away this time is because we have to participate in the joint adjustment of ships, bridges and ports, and the requirements are high. "
Wang made a comparison: the river-crossing train ferry does not need to consider the particularity of the pier and port, nor does it need to build a dike like the Qiongzhou Strait train ferry. Different from other docks, there is an additional railway approach bridge. The approach bridge is less than half the length of the trestle bridge of the Straits Railway. It is just a steel suspension bridge with truss structure, which can be lowered by a hoist and put on the ship. He explained that the so-called truss structure is made of steel, the middle is empty, and the rails are built on it, which is quite simple, with only three lanes. "Yuehai Railway 1" is a four-line railway, and the trestles of the South and North Ports railway are all full-plate frame structures, which are much more complicated.
Nowadays, with the development of railway bridges, there are six Astrotrain ferries on the Yangtze River, and only Wuhu still retains the transport of dangerous goods.
Compared with the train ferry on the Yangtze River, the train ferry in Qiongzhou Strait is really different. Its pier and trestle are not only the first in China, but also as important facilities as train ferry.
Li, commander of Nangang Railway Trestle Project of China Railway 16th Bureau, led the reporter to "dissect" Nangang Railway Trestle.
Nangang Railway Trestle is a fully welded special-shaped steel plate beam with a total length of 95.35 meters. It consists of two main beams with a length of 32m and a springboard beam with a width of14.84m.. It is the widest railway bridge in China at present. Four rails are embedded in the reserved grooves of the railway deck, which can accommodate four trains at the same time. One end of it is next to the railway extending from Haikou Railway Station, and the springboard beam extends out of the sea to connect with the train ferry, so that the rails on the bridge are connected with the rails on the ship.
Different from other bridges, the three beams are supported by hanging beams, and the height of the bridge is adjusted by hanging beams. To put it bluntly, this trestle is the steel springboard between the land railway and the train ferry, because the train has high technical requirements and great difficulty in docking the rails between the ship bridge. In this way, it has attracted the attention of many people.
Li said: "The purpose of the lifting trestle is to take into account the change of tide and the different loading capacity of the ferry. The horizontal height of the ship is not always the same, and it needs to be connected by adjusting the railway trestle. " According to reports, the maximum adjustment height of Beigang trestle is 3.76 meters, and that of Nangang is 4. 15 meters.
The power system for adjusting the hanging beam and then the height of the trestle is a hydraulic lifting equipment and control system imported from Germany at a cost of 654.38 billion yuan, which can be called the heart of the trestle. It is also the first advanced equipment adopted in China.
Zhou Yi, a senior engineer of the Second Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Railways, is the design leader of the railway trestle. He said: "When the ship is still on the other side, the height of the main deck of the train from the water reaches the control room of the railway trestle. There is a tide gauge in the control room that can reflect the water level. After the computer collects relevant information, it can quickly determine the adjustment height and adjustment range of the trestle. When the ferry comes, calculate the slope of the line immediately and enter the bridge adjustment procedure. The hydraulic control system oil cylinder pulls the hanging beam to adjust the trestle bridge up and down until it is locked in a reasonable position, and then the bridge slope is adjusted again to meet the traffic requirements. The last thing to do is to issue traffic orders. "
In this way, a bridge docking is completed. It's complicated to say, but it's simple to operate. The whole docking process of the ship bridge can be completed in 1 minute.
Zhou Yi also said that due to the adoption of a series of new materials, new technologies and new processes, the railway trestle can not only move up and down with the ship, but also move laterally within the range of three degrees of lateral inclination, so that the trestle can move with the ship and ensure the safety of the train getting on and off the ship.
It is reported that in the actual operation process, the train goes up and down on the double track, and the two locomotives push the train onto the ferry on land through the isolation handle. (C) Railway station-rich southern customs
In contrast, Haikou Railway Station, as the first stop of the Guangdong-Shanghai railway passage, has its own uniqueness among the national railway stations, although it does not have as many novel things as train ferries.
Along the west coast of the coastal estuary, there is a building with strong southern characteristics and upturned cornices. This is Haikou Railway Station located in Xinhai Village, xiuying district, Haikou City.
Haikou Railway Station, with a total investment of 439 million yuan, has a construction area of12,590 square meters, including 1 1690 square meters above ground and 892 square meters underground. Its main project consists of four buildings: ticket hall, waiting hall, private room and workshop. A unique corridor connects the ticket hall with the waiting hall, and the private room and workshop are next to the waiting hall, symmetrically arranged on both sides, which feels like a garden. Behind the station is the platform. Under the beautiful canopy, the 16 track extends from Haikou Station to Qiongzhou Strait Ferry Terminal 1 km away.
This is a high-standard intelligent building that combines tropical customs with modern atmosphere. Strolling into the waiting hall with double eaves structure, I feel that the space is open. The ground of the station building is composed of granite and volcanic rocks. The exterior wall is made of glass curtain wall and real stone paint, and the interior wall is plastered with cement mortar. There is a modern magnificence. The maximum height of this two-story building is 21.15m, and the maximum number of people gathered is 2000.
Wu Peng, the project leader of Haikou Railway Station of Guangzhou Railway Engineering (Group) Company, introduced that C80 high-strength prestressed reinforced concrete pipe piles are used in the main building of the whole station building foundation, and the gallery and ancillary buildings adopt the under-column foundation. The main part is a two-story cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame structure, and the seismic fortification intensity is 8 degrees.
Highlighting tropical customs has also become the pursuit of the square in front of Haikou Railway Station. The square has a total area of about 1.55 million square meters, with a length of about 480 meters from east to west and a width of 326 meters from north to south, showing a long and narrow shape. It will imitate the style of tropical rain forest and form rows of scattered tropical island scenery.
According to reports, the total green area of the railway station square is 1 1 1,000 square meters or more. Tropical tree species such as seaweed and dawang palm are selected as theme trees, and coconut trees, banyan trees and camphor trees with Hainan regional characteristics, as well as rare tree species such as pear, dragon's blood, impatiens, dragon boat flower and Manila grass are laid among them, making the square a vivid ecological square. The central axis of the square landscape is a shallow stream with four-hole high-pressure fountains at both ends, forming a changing space. There are also two carefully planted tropical botanical gardens, a balcony, a leisure garden pavilion and a landscape totem wall.
The square is divided into station evacuation square area, ecological square tour area and public building area. There will be a comprehensive cultural center, commodity exhibition center, supermarkets, hotels and other facilities, 26 parking spaces for buses, 865 and 438+0 parking spaces for cars and taxis, and 26 parking spaces for buses and CMB. It is an ecological city square with complete functions and reasonable layout.
To the south, Haikou South Railway Station is 1 1 km away.
Haikou South Station is located next to Mei Ding Cun in the southwest of Haikou City, close to the old city development zone, and it is a freight-oriented train marshalling station. In the early stage of the station, there are 4 arrival and departure lines, 1 comprehensive freight yard with an annual operation capacity of 700,000 tons, 3 freight lines and 2 freight platforms. Track laying at the upstream end of the station has been completed, extending to the downstream end of Chahe River for 5 kilometers.
The cross-sea train is about to open. From then on, Hainan Island will no longer be isolated from the national railway network. (End)