0 1 main problems existing in the whole process cost management of government-invested projects
(1) Project initiation stage: the project proposal and feasibility study budget are compiled by qualified engineering consulting units and sent to the development and reform department for approval. After the development and reform department officially issued the approval of the feasibility study, the consulting work of the engineering consulting unit ended; In practical work, the whole process engineering cost management company did not participate in the preliminary feasibility study and did not understand the preliminary evaluation and demonstration, so the evaluation and demonstration process could not be effectively extended to the design and budget stage. Some projects have not carried out the whole process of project cost management and investment planning, the depth of pre-project evaluation and demonstration is not enough, and the feasibility study estimation is inaccurate; When the project enters the stage of compiling design budget, the design institute often supplements and improves the construction scope and content of the proposed project while designing the preliminary design of the construction project, and the design budget is often approved outside the feasibility study;
(2) Budget estimation stage of engineering design: the decision-making stage and design stage of engineering investment are the key points of the whole process control of engineering cost, especially the design stage has the greatest influence on the engineering cost. The design budget is usually compiled by the design institute and completed after receiving the approval of the budget estimate from the development and reform department; In the process of some construction projects from scheme to preliminary design, the whole process cost management company did not participate in the whole process of preliminary design, and some design institutes did not conduct multi-scheme economic comparison and technical and economic analysis of preliminary design from the goal of whole process cost management; Moreover, some design institutes do not consider the budget estimate from the perspective of the whole process cost management, but only prepare the budget estimate according to the approved feasibility estimate, lacking the motivation of cost control, and the design process does not meet the quota design required by the whole process cost management. Basically, the preliminary design scheme is designed first, and then the design budget is prepared according to the scheme; Some projects cannot include the full cost of the project because the preliminary design scheme is not considered in place;
(3) Budget approval stage: the design budget is approved by relevant departments, and the approval department approves it from the perspective of government planned investment control; The estimated funds approved by some projects cannot meet the needs of actual project construction. Due to insufficient investment in construction funds, some projects have stopped working, and some projects need to adjust their budget estimates, revise their designs many times, and reduce the construction scale. In practical work, the whole process cost management company does not directly participate in the budget approval of the approval department, nor is it responsible for whether the investment approved by the budget meets the actual needs of the project.
(4) In the process of project implementation, due to the lack of effective whole-process cost management in the early stage of the project, some projects often have design errors, omissions and other problems in the actual construction process, which leads to a large number of design changes and eventually leads to out-of-control project investment scale.
(5) In the process of final accounts audit, for government projects that have not been managed in the whole process of cost management, the audit work should be reviewed from the start of the project to the completion settlement, and the problems found in each stage of the audit can only be controlled and managed afterwards, which can not be effectively supervised and managed during the project implementation.
From the above problems, we can see that the current cost management of government-invested projects is not the whole process cost management from the project decision. The current management mode can't effectively manage the whole process cost of the project, and can't achieve the goals of dynamic control, active control before and during the project.
Countermeasures to improve the whole process cost management of government investment projects
(1) Carry out the whole-process engineering consultation of government projects as soon as possible, formulate the technical standards and contract templates for the whole-process engineering consulting services, and improve the basic system for the whole-process cost valuation of engineering construction. In the whole process of engineering consultation, the whole process engineering cost management consulting enterprises carry out corresponding engineering cost management from the whole process of project proposal, feasibility evaluation, design, construction, completion acceptance stage and post-operation evaluation, so as to fully control the investment of the project and change the management mode from passive management to active control.
(2) From the project investment management system, it is clearly stipulated that government projects need to carry out the whole process of project cost management, set the whole process of project cost control objectives, and shift the focus of the whole process of project cost management to the early stage of project construction, that is, the project decision-making and design stage, and run through the whole process of project construction. In the early stage of the project, the whole process management company of project cost is introduced, the project cost management strategy is comprehensively planned, and the control objectives are set. In the stages of investment decision-making, design, construction project contracting and construction implementation, the occurrence of construction project cost is controlled within the approved cost limit, and the deviation is corrected at any time to ensure the realization of government investment management objectives and strive to make government investment achieve better economic and social benefits.
(3) Establishing the whole process tracking audit system of government project cost is another way of the whole process cost management of government investment projects. The national audit department or the competent unit of the project invites tenders according to law, and entrusts a qualified cost consulting unit to conduct a whole-process follow-up audit of the government project investment management, so as to avoid the economic interest relationship with the project manager. Review and supervise the whole process investment of the project from the perspective of the third party, strengthen the "three calculations" management of the project investment, and achieve "three not exceeding", that is, the settlement of the overall project does not exceed the estimated budget, the budget does not exceed the estimated budget, and the estimated budget does not exceed the estimated budget. Focus on strengthening the cost analysis and evaluation in the early stage of the project to maximize the functional cost. Strengthen the control and management of project investment risk, comprehensively classify, analyze, review and manage all contracts in the process of project implementation, grasp the dynamic investment and cost information of the project, analyze the investment deviation in time and give audit opinions. Effectively control and comprehensively review the process and results of completion settlement; After the project is completed, post-evaluation and investment benefit evaluation will be carried out. Through the tracking and review of the whole process of the project, problems are found in time, and the construction unit is urged to solve them, so as to realize the effective management and whole process supervision of government investment projects.
(4) BIM technology management platform is introduced to manage the whole process of investment control. At present, the government construction authorities require government projects to adopt BIM technology for project design and construction management, and BIM technology has been widely used in the design and construction process. The timeliness, continuity and consistency of BIM technology in engineering information enhance its efficient enjoyment in the cost industry. As a kind of structured information that can be stored and calculated, engineering investment information based on BIM database greatly reduces the labor cost required for information transmission and improves the accuracy and value of investment information. Using BIM technology to estimate the investment of feasibility study, combined with the experience of the whole process engineering cost management consulting company, will make the investment estimation the basis of the later cost control system. After the internet is combined with the B I M platform, setting up a single unit can also arrange funds more intuitively. At the same time, using bim system can minimize the deviation of estimation, budget and settlement and avoid the waste of funds. Moreover, BIM can also solve disputes intuitively when encountering project cost and process problems during construction. In this way, BIM technology is used on the BIM technology management platform to realize the project cost management consultation in the whole process of construction projects.
(5) Starting from the government projects with transparent cost information such as affordable housing and housing, the EPC management mode of government projects will be gradually implemented, and the experienced general contractor will be entrusted to set the target cost of the project according to the actual situation of the project, and be responsible for the whole process cost management and investment control. Regulators also supervise and manage the investment of the project through the whole process of follow-up audit, which reduces the management cost of government projects, reduces the investment cost and improves the efficiency of government investment.
(6) Establish a whole-process information service management platform for government investment projects, and use the whole-process project cost data of government investment projects mastered by the construction authorities to establish a big data platform for whole-process information service of project cost. Through the information service management platform, the whole process of project cost is managed, and the advanced scientific and technological means are used to effectively manage and control the whole process of project cost, so as to realize the whole process investment control and project cost supervision of government investment projects and effectively strengthen the reasonable arrangement and effective control of government investment.
The above are collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.
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