First, the necessity of socialized service of physical geological data management
Physical geological data is an important part of geological data. In recent years, in order to further strengthen and improve the unified management of physical geological data, establish and improve the management institutions and laws and regulations of physical geological data, and give full play to the role of physical geological data in national economic and social development, the State Council implemented the Regulations on the Management of Geological Data on July 1 2002, and the Ministry of Land and Resources is formulating the Regulations on the Management of the Collection of Physical Geological Data and the Interim Measures for the Entrusted Management of Geological Data. These laws and regulations further clarify that the overall layout of China's physical geological data management is to establish a departmental entrustment and hierarchical management system under unified management, and make clear provisions on the storage, utilization and socialized service of physical geological data.
With the deepening of the system reform of national geological prospecting industry and the establishment and perfection of new laws and regulations, the management of physical geological data is also facing new challenges. The leaders of the Ministry have repeatedly instructed to further strengthen the management of geological data, successively formulated supporting laws and policies, and put forward the "four modernizations" development policy of legalization of geological data management, standardization of collection organization construction, digitalization of geological data and networking of social services. This puts forward higher requirements for the construction, management and development of national physical geological data collection institutions. Physical geological data information resources are an important part of national information resources, which must be scientifically managed and protected to ensure the systematicness, integrity and safety of physical geological data. Once the physical and geological data are destroyed, they can't be regenerated and repaired, let alone developed and utilized reasonably. In order to realize the sustainable development of physical geological data management, it is necessary to ensure that the physical geological data information resources are in a good state of preservation and utilization, so that the physical geological data management can not only serve the current society, but also adapt to the development of the future society.
The preservation and utilization of physical geological data is a closely contradictory unity. In other words, "hiding" and "using" are indispensable poles in the management of physical geological data. Without hiding, there is no use, and the purpose of hiding is to use. But fundamentally speaking, custody is the means and utilization is the purpose. Custody is for use, and use determines custody. Only by making full use of physical geological data can we realize the perfect unity of storage and utilization. At present, the outstanding problem in the management of physical geological data in China is that the concept and management mechanism can not adapt to the rapid development of economic construction. Specifically, the relationship between custody and utilization is not handled properly, and custody is emphasized while utilization is ignored. Accustomed to the management of physical geological data in a closed state, it almost degenerates into simple "custody", and basically loses the ability to provide reliable basis for economic decision-making, which is far behind the needs of the current and future development of information society and earth science. Therefore, how to change the concept and open up a new road of self-development, self-innovation and self-development in the management of physical geological data is an urgent task for our physical geological data center.
Second, the management service orientation and function of the physical geological data center
As a state-level physical geological data management institution, the mission of the Physical Geological Data Center is to provide available and beneficial physical geological data information resources for the government, relevant departments and the general public, to preserve physical data about the earth for future generations, and to manage representative, typical and special physical geological data with great scientific significance. At the same time, it also provides physical specimens for using new theories and methods to carry out new research and exploration, and provides intuitive materials for related teaching, popular science and social welfare activities. Therefore, its orientation should belong to the research-oriented national physical geological data management organization, that is, the national physical geological database that can provide navigation, information appreciation, decision-making, consultation and service for the public, professionals, various markets and social organizations and the government. Its service levels are mainly: ordinary public users, relevant professional institutions, enterprises and the government. Serving the public is the bounden duty of the physical geological archives: serving the relevant professional institutions and enterprises is an important aspect to improve the service level and level of the physical geological archives research; Serving the government, while completing the task of serving the public, can meet the government's own service needs, then the benefits and functions of physical geological archives will be more obvious and powerful. With the advent of knowledge economy, the management of physical geological data should no longer be passive service and simple collection, but should become managers, researchers and knowledge promoters of physical geological data information. Therefore, research-oriented physical geological archives should play the role of knowledge and information navigation of physical geological data, and can provide services for all users to seek knowledge of physical geological data and even provide knowledge directly. The embodiment of research is to provide information value-added and decision-making consulting services, and to provide their own research results to the society through their own researchers. Professional institutions and enterprises can rely on this service to improve the level of scientific research and economic benefits, and the government can rely on this service to improve the level of scientific decision-making.
The National Archives of Natural Geology is the base for collecting, sorting, disseminating and utilizing natural geological data. Its unique function makes it have strong information organization and processing ability. Through the management links such as sorting, cataloging, storage, dissemination, utilization and statistics of physical geological data, information research and analysis are carried out around the overall situation of scientific research, production and management and a specific work demand, so as to provide scientific researchers with early labor results, directly participate in the whole process of knowledge innovation, play an important role in the knowledge innovation system, and provide preconditions for the transformation of knowledge innovation results into productivity.
The National Physical Geological Archives must take research as the basis of its own development and socialized service, infiltrate the service concept of "user-centered" into the whole process of management, carry out diversified services, and play the following functions in social life: ① the function of the national physical geological data collection center; ② the function of navigation center of physical geological data information; ③ Information processing, production and value-added functions of physical geological data; (4) the role of the research and career development center of physical geological data; ⑤ The important window function of national physical geological data for foreign exchange; ⑥ The function of the social-oriented popular science education center for physical geological data.
In order to realize the above functions, the following service modes must be established: ① combining internal and external services, focusing on developing external services; (2) Pay equal attention to conventional services and network services, and strive to develop network information services; ③ Pay attention to both group service and individual service, and pay attention to personalized service for special people; ④ Combine comprehensive services with research services, and strive to develop consulting and research services; ⑤ Combine comprehensive services with development services, and strive to cultivate the information service ability of the physical geological data market.
In short, the management of physical geological data must take the road of reform and opening up, make full use of the characteristics and advantages of physical geological data, and do a good job in secondary development and utilization, which is the inevitable trend of the development of China's socialist market economy. Realizing the sharing of information resources of physical geological data is the key for the management of physical geological data to meet the needs of society, the inevitable requirement for giving full play to the function of physical geological data and providing reliable scientific basis for China's economic development, and the only way to improve the socialized service function of physical geological data. Only by emancipating the mind, changing ideas, combining paid services with free services, and gradually establishing a self-development mechanism with strong adaptability and vitality, can we maximize the potential of physical geological data, adapt to the requirements of the new situation and new tasks, and build the physical geological data center into an international research-oriented physical geological data management service center with "leading domestic and internationally renowned".
Third, strategic thinking on socialized service of physical geological data.
Service is the driving force running through the development of physical geological data management, the primary condition for the development of physical geological data center, and also the primary condition for its future foothold in society. Therefore, the connotation of service is constantly deepened and updated with the needs of different stages and service levels, and service has different work cores and priorities in different development stages. In the first stage, collecting and sorting physical geological data is the primary task, and the core of work is sorting, scanning, cataloging and archiving; In the second stage, retrieval and query services are the center of work; In the third stage, the computer automatic management system is an indispensable service foundation, and it is the lifeline to maintain the information management of physical geological data and external service and exchange. In the fourth stage, helping users to understand and learn to use the physical geological database as soon as possible, that is, giving play to the role of information navigation and obtaining the required information accurately and quickly from a large amount of information, is the main purpose of the physical geological data management service, and is also the focus of measuring the effectiveness of the physical geological data center in the future.
The development history of physical geological data management presents obvious stages. From simple warehouse collection, it has experienced the information management of both manual and computer, and now it is developing in the direction of networking. Efficient and fast computer management has replaced a lot of time-consuming and laborious manual operations, greatly expanded the depth and breadth of physical geological data management, significantly improved the content, scope and efficiency of services, and made opening services to the society the main content of physical geological data management and an important part of the management system.
We must fully realize the network construction under the guiding ideology of "unified leadership, hierarchical management and departmental entrustment". The development and utilization of physical geological data will gradually develop in the direction of digitalization and networking, and it will become a new development trend to realize the sharing of information resources and online query service of physical geological data. Through the establishment of domestic and foreign inter-library open directory project exchange system and network management, the management of physical geological data in the network era has changed from a simple storage mode to an integrated mode of information storage, information transmission and dissemination. Improve the comprehensive service ability, including the service ability of storing information, obtaining information and providing personalized and diversified information by using new technologies, and realize the optimal management of physical geological data.
Adhering to the service tenet of "paying equal attention to Tibet and use" and "focusing on use" will always be the starting point and destination of our work. Establish the guiding ideology of "customer first, service first", establish a passive service model, take the user's needs as the service goal, and actively provide friendly user interface, intelligent help program, advanced information system retrieval processing tools, all-weather electronic retrieval processing and information transmission service system. Personalized and characteristic services are provided for different customers, and the interaction management service system is tailored for key customers, such as geological prospecting units, scientific research institutes in universities, key disciplines, scientific research projects and academic leaders.
Generally speaking, relying on network technology and multimedia technology, on the one hand, we develop traditional service methods, on the other hand, we introduce new service methods based on network environment, and use online services to provide information resources of physical geological data with various forms, rich contents, characteristics and great economic, scientific and cultural values, and strive to expand the information organization and service scope of physical geological data, thus forming a diversified service system integrating various service methods. The timely release of geological data with proper classification and great economic and scientific value to the Internet will surely produce good production, scientific research, culture and social effects. This work is a brand-new management service model that we need to establish in the field of foreign service of physical geological data in the future, and it is also the focus of our future work.
To establish a personalized service model, it is necessary to establish a communication platform to communicate extensively with different users. Under the condition of informationization, the best way is to design a friendly and attractive web page. In addition to the links of physical geological data information reports, professional websites and various databases, it is more important to open a communication window with users, realize personal links with users in need, and establish interactive information supply channels with users. Fully grasp the frontier dynamic information of relevant disciplines and scientific research topics at home and abroad, inform users in time or enrich the user's link window, introduce the required thematic information for users, so that users can put forward new information needs in time. At the same time, we can communicate face to face with users, grasp the information needs of users, and adjust the direction of information service in time through the feedback mechanism of the system. In terms of foreign exchange, you can also consider making a foreign language version, which is beneficial to foreigners and foreign counterparts, and can also enhance your international influence.
In particular, it is necessary to point out that in the process of developing foreign services, the staff engaged in physical geological data management services must master multi-disciplinary knowledge, which is a necessary condition for developing physical geological data management services. Only when you are familiar with a basic subject and have knowledge of related subjects can you freely cope with the personalized service of special groups in specific fields. As a modern national physical geological data center, only with a management team composed of many different majors can we effectively carry out modern information services, and the physical geological data center will have its own space for survival and development, thus greatly improving the social and economic benefits of physical geological data management.
Discussion on paid service of physical geological data
The basic task of the National Physical Geological Archives is to provide the public with free visits and retrieval of the physical geological data in the archives. However, some foreign service projects need to implement paid services (mainly referring to production and processing costs) for many reasons: First, appropriate paid services help to improve and strengthen management, such as providing statistical data for the cost of handling licenses; Second, it is necessary to compensate the extra labor costs of personnel engaged in the management of physical geological data, such as developing some personalized service projects such as thematic compilation and research, and users who need to use information should share the cost; The third is the consumption of equipment, energy and materials, such as computers and network equipment, photocopiers, films, paper, video tapes, printers and scanning equipment. , need stable compensation to maintain normal operation.
In addition, online reading provides cross-time, cross-regional and cross-industry services. A set of related information or an object can meet the browsing needs of countless users at the same time, and even some precious materials may be copied and downloaded. Therefore, it may affect the economic interests of the owners and management institutions. The infinity of network communication (or regionality) and ownership conflict. Therefore, in order to balance the interests of owners and management institutions, it is necessary for some users to pay for reading. Although the National Physical Geological Archives is a public welfare undertaking serving the whole society, it needs to adapt to the diversified market demand within a certain range on the basis of maintaining public welfare. Therefore, it will be an inevitable trend for the development of physical geological data management to establish a service market mechanism with * * * benefits.
The external service of physical geological data must take into account the rights and interests of the public, owners and management institutions, reasonably divide the service types of physical geological data according to the principle of fairness and reasonableness, and charge different fees for different services. In order to maintain the public welfare of physical geological archives, not to harm the interests of owners and managers, and to meet the needs of users to the greatest extent, physical geological archives can divide users into ordinary users and member users. Any netizen can become an ordinary user as long as he enters the website of the physical geological data center; You can also ask ordinary users to register and submit user information in order to obtain and statistically analyze user information. The second category is member users, that is, users who pay a certain fee. In addition to enjoying the rights of ordinary users, you can also get the permission of the owner to use it.
Whether the network service of physical geological data is charged or not depends on the nature of physical geological data, the way users use it and the social and economic value of physical geological data. The public should be allowed to enjoy the right to visit, read and copy the physical geological data beyond the owner's protection period. The physical geological data during the protection period should be subject to the corresponding system constraints. Under normal circumstances, the user's rights can only be limited to access and browsing, and cannot be copied, downloaded, printed, sampled, etc. For users with specific information needs, when access and browsing can't meet the needs, users need to download, print, sample, test and other specific services, and it is inevitable to charge a certain fee.
The following methods can be used for reference in charging members of the physical geological archives: ① membership fee system. Different levels of membership fees are set for ordinary users and professional users, so that professional users can pay higher membership fees while obtaining services such as relevant research materials with higher value. ② Charge according to information flow and value. When copying, downloading and printing some relevant data or samples, users should charge appropriate fees according to the social and economic value of the physical geological data and the quantity and types of the obtained physical geological data. (3) In addition to providing services for users of special groups, physical geological archives can also be used by an institution in the local area network through authorization, and different charging methods can be adopted according to whether the institution is profitable or not. The usage fee can also be determined according to the size of the local area network.
In-depth service, development and utilization of physical geological data are mainly reflected in the collection, collation, analysis and processing of physical geological data information by specialty or theme, and provide targeted personalized services to some specific users, which is a potential field for business development of physical geological data center. We should attach great importance to the establishment and development of this market resource-user demand. The focus of development is to explore and innovate the supply and demand mode of physical geological data information resources, greatly improve the convenience and effectiveness of the use of physical geological data information resources, and strive to make the physical geological data information resources produce value-added benefits. The development of this work has a long way to go for the survival and development of the national physical geological data collection institutions.
The deep information service charge of physical geological data has great flexibility. Generally speaking, its price is mainly affected by demand elasticity, investment cost and expected income of both parties. Because information and knowledge are intangible assets, its value cannot be identified by any standard before use. Therefore, the service of this information resource is necessarily different from the general price system and transaction mode. This work will be an important content that we need to study in depth in the future.
The information service of physical geological data mainly involves information retrieval, query and reading of physical geological data, downloading and copying of related data and images, and information exchange at home and abroad. The research on pricing theory of various information services is an important content that we need to investigate and discuss in time in our future work. The main factors that affect pricing should include: the elasticity of service demand, service cost, the price of services in the same industry, the cost for users to obtain services, and the value of services to users. Determining a reasonable price according to the laws of market economy is the basic principle that we should adhere to in our work.
In order to publicize and establish the image and position of the physical geological data center, we can provide free services in the form of professional seminars, physical geological data exhibitions, physical geological data information release, regular notification and other information intermediary services, which are recognized and supported by the public and society, and then bring direct social benefits and indirect economic benefits to the physical geological data center.
The range of paid services available is wide and complex, covering both basic services and asset management. However, the paid service of some service items should be mainly limited to the paid service of resources. This kind of service is not for profit, but the consumption of resources in the service cost, and this kind of service should be approved at the cost price. As for some for-profit income-generating service activities, they should be included in different system management. It is an important task to formulate the project specifications and price system of paid services in China's foreign service work in the future.
In the management of physical geological data, the paid services that can be carried out mainly include the following categories.
(1) Retrieval and information consulting services: including using electronic reading room, charging for copying or downloading, handling inquiry cards, searching on behalf of others, special consultation, compilation and research of special materials, special lectures, special seminars, holding important or special geological materials exhibitions, etc.
(2) Physical geological data processing services: including sampling, making optical slices, various experimental tests, making pictures and videos, etc.
(3) User training fees: including skills training, professional knowledge training, retrieval training, etc.
(4) Others: including equipment leasing and building leasing.
In the management of physical geological data, the information of physical geological data must be classified and preserved. Confidential information enters a closed document and is not queried externally. The published information is entered into an open database and provided to the public for free inquiry and reference. Users can download these online materials from the Internet. However, the processed digital geological data and the physical data that need to be consulted and analyzed need to be charged a certain fee, such as printing fee, data processing fee, handling fee and equipment use fee.
In addition, there is no uniform regulation on whether physical sampling research can be carried out when providing it to the society. At present, there are still different opinions in China. Some experts suggest that sampling should not be taken for the integrity of the physical object, but most experts believe that not allowing sampling will lose the meaning of keeping the physical object in a state. It may be more practical to emphasize limiting sampling and report the analysis results to the collection agency according to relevant regulations.