1 geological exploration of water conservancy and hydropower engineering
If we want to carry out geological research on the proposed site environment, we must first determine the methods and technologies of geological exploration. Here are some commonly used survey methods, but not every project needs it, and the specific situation needs different analysis.
1. 1 application of geophysical exploration technology
The method of using observation instruments to explore the regional geophysical field, measure long real-time data and judge the possible geological bodies and their structures under the construction area is called geophysical prospecting technology. This technology has obvious advantages: data acquisition is very accurate and field exploration is unobstructed. For example, geophysical tomography technology, which uses ready-made drilling, simulates the development trend of rock mass wave velocity value by collecting and processing transmitted waves generated by certain methods or reflections, and explores the structure of rock mass. Nowadays, with the rapid development of electronic technology, horizontal borehole observation in geological exploration mainly depends on borehole color TV system. It combines borehole TV and photoelectric coupling device, and has high accuracy for observation quality. And because of its long life and high precision, it is widely used in water conservancy and hydropower engineering.
1.2 remote sensing technology
At present, the application of remote sensing technology in geological survey of water conservancy and hydropower engineering is mainly in the feasibility study stage. With the help of other geological survey methods, the quality of mapping, site selection and route selection can be obviously improved in large-scale geological survey of water conservancy and hydropower projects. At the same time, it can avoid blind field geological survey, reduce the field work of water conservancy and hydropower engineering geological survey, and improve the efficiency of water conservancy and hydropower engineering geological survey. In recent years, remote sensing technology, as an advanced geological survey method, has been widely used in the engineering geological survey of water conservancy and hydropower in China, and has realized the functions of engineering geological survey and mapping, karst survey, landslide, collapse, debris flow and other physical geological phenomena, cross-regional and long-distance linear large-scale engineering geological survey of water conveyance tunnels and channels. At the same time, the construction period of engineering geological survey of water conservancy and hydropower is shortened, and the cost of engineering geological survey of water conservancy and hydropower is reduced.
1.3 Application of Geographic Information System
At present, the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in geological survey of water conservancy and hydropower projects is mainly reflected in two aspects: geological information management of water conservancy and hydropower projects and drawing output of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Geographic Information System (GIS) technology can automatically generate engineering geological maps such as histogram, plan, contour map and profile map, and also has the functions of database management and spatial analysis of graphics, images, spatial data and corresponding attribute data. In recent years, GIS technology has been continuously applied to engineering geological survey of water conservancy and hydropower, which has promoted the development of engineering geological survey technology of water conservancy and hydropower in China.
1.4 geophysical tomography (CT)
Geophysical tomography technology is a technical method to use existing flat holes or boreholes to collect and process the transmitted waves generated by certain transmitting and receiving methods, invert the wave velocity value of rock mass between holes, and judge and evaluate the interval rock mass. At present, due to the basic ignorance of the actual situation of rock mass, geophysical tomography is the main technical means to investigate the integrity of porous rock mass, which can not only greatly reduce the workload of engineering geological investigation of water conservancy and hydropower, but also significantly improve the accuracy of rock mass physical evaluation.
2 problems in the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects
2. 1 construction organization design
Construction organization design of water conservancy and hydropower projects has now become a comprehensive subject involving a wide range. It occupies a very high position in engineering construction. It is not only an important basis for project budget and bidding, but also a construction guide for contractors and a decision-making basis for construction teams. It can be roughly divided into three stages: feasibility study stage, preliminary design stage and technical design stage. Construction organization design developed in the "First Five-Year Plan" in 1950s. In the past 50 years, organizational design has brought remarkable economic benefits to national construction. The system theory of organizational design is gradually improving, which uses mathematical models to describe the relationship and changing law between the system and its inside and outside. The system model is inferred by means of probability statistics and model simulation, and the optimal solution of the system is obtained. This is the best system technically and economically. At the same time, computer simulation also creates a new method for the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Combined with multimedia, the data is displayed in the form of graphics and animation, which greatly improves the practicality and intuition and provides effective materials for decision makers.
At the same time, the construction organization management is also in the same strain as the construction organization. In order to realize the simulated optimal solution in practice, it is necessary to realize modern integrated management in the whole construction process and improve the working efficiency of the construction team by using management science. Nowadays, with the development of modern science, construction organization and management pay more attention to the subjective initiative of managers, and the system reform also brings management methods closer to the subject of information management.
2.2 Construction safety
The construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects is similar to other projects, and there are various safety management problems. First of all, the employees of the construction team lack safety awareness, and because of insufficient attention, they all focus on economic benefits, which leads to potential safety hazards in construction and poor ability to deal with emergencies. At the same time, due to paying too much attention to economic benefits, the capital investment in safety is insufficient. If the preliminary work of the project is not perfect and the organizational design is not reasonable enough, it is easy to have quality and safety problems. There are many potential safety hazards in the project, especially the failure of the management to perform safety duties well, which often leads to insufficient safety protection tools and facilities, which will cause huge potential safety hazards. At the same time, the construction environment is complex, sometimes the terrain is steep, sometimes the altitude is too high, and even the geological exploration is not in place, which will make the safety of the construction team insecure. The working site of water conservancy and hydropower projects is extremely vast, the traffic is inconvenient, and sometimes it is very open. It is easy for people without safety awareness to enter the society, increasing the accident rate, and the handling capacity after the accident is insufficient, resulting in irreparable and avoidable losses.
The importance of safety management of water conservancy and hydropower projects is beyond doubt. In 20 14 years and 7 months, there were as many as 6 1 accidents in water conservancy and hydropower projects, and 18 people died in safety accidents, which was enough to attract great attention. Therefore, it is extremely important to know the countermeasures of potential safety hazards. In the early stage of the project, engineers must pay attention to the security risks brought by the complex working environment in order to make a reasonable evaluation. Before the start of construction, the construction unit shall conduct safety training for employees. Because of the different construction environment, teachers should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, check the skills and skills of technicians, strengthen supervision and emphasize the professional awareness of managers.
Construction safety is not uncontrollable. There are several methods to analyze hidden dangers in construction: 1. Analyze the hazards in the field staff's tasks; 2. Establish a safety checklist system; 3. Analyze risks through the event tree and so on. Not only these methods can be used in combination, but also various protective measures at the construction site, including fire fighting equipment, should be checked frequently.
3 abstract
A water conservancy and hydropower project involves a wide range from beginning to end, with many stakeholders, and different problems will appear in each link. Geological exploration and construction are the primary problems. If there are problems in the process of geological exploration, the subsequent construction can not be carried out, and the exploration results are inaccurate or not detailed, which will cause great resistance to the construction. The organization design in the construction stage determines the final economic benefit of the project, so a complete organization design and system also plays an important role in the project. Construction safety can not be underestimated, life safety is greater than the sky, in front of the safety of the construction team, economic interests must give way.
I believe that after the above introduction, everyone has a certain understanding of geological exploration and construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Welcome to Zhong Da for more information.
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