Then, did the ancient literati get rich because of their ill-fated lives (such as Du Fu), or were they unlucky because they were repeatedly excluded because of their unique talents (such as Li Bai)?
I have also thought about this question. I think ancient poets encounter these two situations differently.
For example, Li Bai is arrogant and unruly because of his natural talent, and he doesn't care about those in power. So when he was drunk, he told Gao Lishi to take off his boots, which was hated by Guinness, which led to Li Bai's relegation. Du Fu, on the other hand, has experienced too many ups and downs. His long-term wandering and wandering living environment has made him see the hard life of too many ordinary people, which makes his poetry articles closer to reflecting real life, rather than being empty. His greatness lies in that his poems are called "the history of poetry", which not only shows his own life experience, but also records the sufferings of the working people at the bottom, which is useful for historical description. So, he has about 65438.
Understanding life from nature and understanding philosophy from life are ancient people's thoughts and concerns about their own destiny and human society. In the life experience of ancient literati and talented women, some were arrogant because of their brilliance, and eventually they were excluded by the powerful or exiled because of the current situation, leading a miserable life; Some people have gone through hardships because of their ill-fated lives, and they have made great achievements in literary talent under the circumstances of bad luck and unsatisfactory official career. In my spare time, I have compiled the following examples, from which we can appreciate the rough life of ancient poets, poets or talented women behind excellent poems.
Brilliant and arrogant Li Bai and Meng Haoran
Li Bai, whose word is Taibai, also known as "fallen fairy", is a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, and is praised as "poetic fairy" by later generations.
In his youth, Li Bai has been striving for an official position. He often looks forward to the luxurious life of "carving a white jade saddle with a dragon hook, like a golden plate on the bed" and is fascinated by the scenery of "Zhang Taihe riding a golden whip and presenting articles to the Kirin Hall". But in the end, he was made an academician by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, he got carried away, made an unruly thing to make the imperial concubine grind ink and Lux take off his boots, and even made the grandiloquence that "the son of heaven couldn't get on the boat, saying it was Brewmaster".
Li Bai's first entry was due to the praise of the princess and He. Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and admired them, so he called Li Bai into the palace. On the day when Li Bai entered the palace to appear before the court, Xuanzong came down to meet him and said, "Give the rice in front of the Qibao bed and scoop it yourself." Xuanzong asked some contemporary affairs, and Li Bai gave a thoughtful answer based on his half-life study and long-term observation of society. Xuanzong was greatly appreciated, and immediately made Li Bai worship the Hanlin, whose job was to write poems for the emperor and entertain him. Every time Xuanzong gave a banquet or outing, he ordered Li Bai's attendants to use his agile poetic talent to write poems on the spot. Although it is not a record of merit, it also spreads its words to future generations and arrogantly boasts to future generations. Li Bai was so prized by Xuanzong that his colleagues envied him, but some people were jealous of him.
Li Bai, on the other hand, became increasingly tired of his life as a royal scholar and began to drink heavily. He often made a trip to Brewmaster with others, and Xuanzong sometimes paged him but he was lazy. Sometimes he was asked to write a letter, and he drafted a letter in drunkenness. Later, the story of letting Lux take off his boots was finally hated by the imperial secretary and slandered by Xuanzong, who subsequently dismissed him.
Of course, many people in our later generations will attribute this unruly behavior of the poet to the uninhibited and uninhibited nature of a talented poet. As he wrote, "Laugh and watch the sky go out, are we Artemisia people?" .
Meng Haoran, an idyllic poet who has lived for generations, wrote in the book "Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang": "It is better for politicians to be idle if they want to cross without a boat. Just as I am sitting here watching a fisherman casting, I feel like a squid. " Expressed his desire for fame, or in the name of beauty, "with a strong heart to make contributions."
However, the history books recorded two anecdotes of Meng Haoran: "... when I was forty years old, I traveled to the capital." I often write poems in imperial academy, and I sit down and squat. Get carried away by Zhang Jiuling and Wang Wei. Wei invited privately to the interior office, and when the emperor arrived, he hid under the bed. Wei was right, and the emperor was very happy: "I have heard of him, but I have never seen him." Ran Hao wrote a letter, recited his poem, and then went to "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistake". The emperor said,' I didn't dislike you because you didn't want an official position. How can you falsely accuse me? Due to release. "Later, the interview asked Han Chaozong to take Meng Haoran to Beijing and wanted to recommend him. As a result, he drank with his old friends and didn't go. Han Chaozong was angry and ignored him. You see, such capricious and capricious personality characteristics finally make Meng Haoran not shine like his poems on the political stage of Datang.
Similar to Meng Haoran, there is Wang Anshi. There are many reasons for the failure of Wang Anshi's political reform, but it is also related to Wang Anshi's stubbornness. Wang Anshi is a strong-willed man. He is too confident and not humble to discuss with Zong Shen or associate with Sima Guang and Su Shi. As a result, I fell into a situation of fighting alone and lost the support I should have received.
Li Qingzhao, the "first talented woman through the ages" and "born as a gifted scholar and died as a ghost hero", is sad and painful.
Li Qingzhao,no. Yi 'an layman. A poetess in Song Dynasty, a representative of graceful and restrained ci school, was known as "the first talented woman in the ages". Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and had a good life in his early years. Her father Li has a rich collection of books, and she has laid a literary foundation in a good family environment since she was a child. After marriage, my husband Zhao Mingcheng and I got married. "My husband is like a good friend." . However, the good times did not last long, and the struggle between the old and new parties in North Korea intensified. A pair of mandarin ducks are separated alive, and Zhao Li faces each other across the river, suffering from lovesickness. 1 129, her husband died in Jiankang on August 18th of the lunar calendar. Almost all the stone scrolls collected with her husband in those years were scattered because of the invasion of the war-torn country by the nomads from Jin, which made her suffer a heavy blow and her writing became a worry about reality. So after the country was destroyed and her family died, her emotional tone turned to melancholy. In the second year of Shaoxing (1 132), he went to Hangzhou and remarried Zhang Ruzhou. The marriage was not happy, and he divorced a few months later. The evening scene of Li Qingzhao is quite bleak.
Anyone who knows Li Qingzhao's writing style knows that Li Qingzhao's writing style is not as heroic, brisk and lively as it was in the early stage, and she is full of passion for life. After crossing to the south, her works are full of sadness, tears and gloomy voices, all of which reflect the author's deep sadness, just like her own "sadness and sorrow".
Li Qingzhao lived a chaotic life in her later years, and then met someone who was not virtuous, and there was unspeakable sadness everywhere. After her husband died, she went to Taizhou, Shangshan County, Huangyan and Zhang Ben 'an, and then went to Wenzhou by sea. After three months' rest, I went to Dingzhou via Dinghai, and finally returned to Yuezhou to take refuge in my brother Li Lian's house. In that turbulent era, a woman with a lot of antiques is bound to be targeted. The officers and men put down the rebellion, stole the collection, lived in the homes of civilians, hid under the couch, and were also stolen from the corner of the bedroom. Li Qingzhao can't stand it. She is almost 50 years old and feels very tired. She lay dying in bed, and her family prepared something for her funeral.
At this moment, a man came. His name is Zhang Ruzhou, a classmate of Zhao Mingcheng in imperial academy Imperial College. He heard what happened to Li Qingzhao and rushed to take care of her. He stayed by the bed day and night and took good care of her. He wants to give her warmth and harbor, so that she will no longer be afraid and confused.
In the third year after Zhao Mingcheng's death, Li Qingzhao agreed to Zhang Ruzhou's proposal on her deathbed. However, her marriage only lasted for more than one hundred days. When Li Qingzhao's condition improved slightly, she discovered Zhang Ruzhou's intentions. He set his eyes on those few but priceless collections. But it is not easy to get rid of him. He will not divorce his wife. He just wanted to torture her to death.
Li Qingzhao is not a coward. She sued her husband for falsely reporting the number of people in the exam and was qualified for the official position. At that time, the law of Song State stipulated that a wife sued her husband, and even if he was found guilty, he would be sentenced to two years' imprisonment. What can the suffering in prison do for Li Qingzhao? As long as she can get rid of this scumbag, there will be no defense after two years in prison. Fortunately, there are old friends and relatives of Zhao Mingcheng and Li Qingzhao in the DPRK. In the end, she only stayed in prison for nine days. Anyway, she finally woke up from the nightmare, and her life will go on!
Wang Bo, "unfortunately, ill-fated"
Of course, Wang Bo, the first of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, should be mentioned here.
Wang Bo (about 650-676), Zi 'an, Han nationality, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi Province), a native of Gujiangzhou, was born in a Confucian family, and was called "Wang Luo" and "four outstanding men in the early Tang Dynasty" with Yang Jiong and Lu.
Wang Bo was smart and studious since he was a child. According to Old Tang Book, he was able to write articles at the age of six, and he was known as a "child prodigy". At the age of nine, I read Yan Shigu's Notes on Hanshu and wrote ten volumes of Finger Defects to correct my mistakes. At the age of sixteen, he was appointed Saburo at the request of Su You Branch. He was kicked out of Pei Wang Fu for "cockfighting". After that, Wang Bo spent three years traveling in Bashu mountains and rivers and wrote a lot of poems. After returning to Chang 'an, he asked Zhou Guo to join the army. In August of the 3rd year of Shang Dynasty (676), Tang Gaozong returned from visiting his father and drowned across the sea.
He is good at five laws and five unique skills, and his representative works include "Farewell to Vice Governor Du to Shu". The main literary achievement is parallel prose, which is the best in quantity and quality. His masterpiece is Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion. His experience seems to be exactly the same as what he wrote in the preface to Wang Teng-ting: "Bad luck, bad luck."
Affectionate teacher Jia Yi and "Shi Gui" Li He who died young.
A good poet needs a rich inner world and a highly delicate emotional perception. "Petals fall like tears and lonely birds sing their sadness" is the poet's unique emotional experience. Sometimes, it is such a sensitive and delicate emotional touch and sentimental character, which is more likely to cause internal injuries and depression complex in the hearts of literati, thus resulting in bumpy and short-lived official career.
Jia Yi was a famous political commentator and writer in the early Western Han Dynasty. A rare talent, at the age of eighteen, was praised as a good man in the county. There are mainly two kinds of works: prose and ci fu, which are deeply influenced by Zhuangzi and Liezi. Prose political style is simple and rigorous, and the discussion is hearty. Lu Xun called it "the Great Prose of the Western Han Dynasty", and his masterpiece On Qin beautified history of qing dynasty. Although Jia Yi became famous at the age of 18, he was declared as a doctor by Emperor Wendi in his twenties, but at the age of 23, he was envied by his ministers and was demoted as the King Taifu of Changsha, that is, Jia Taifu and Jia Changsha. Later, he was recalled to Chang 'an to be Liang's teacher. After Liang fell from a horse and died, Jia Yi was trapped in the quagmire of guilt and remorse all day long until he died of grief at the age of 33.
Another Tang Dynasty poet, Li He, is known as a "genius". Although his poems became household names around the age of 65,438+08, he left many famous sayings through the ages, such as "Dark clouds crush the city to destroy it", "The cock crows all over the world" and "If the sky is sentimental and old". However, people who are jealous of their talents have been repeatedly hit, and eventually they have achieved nothing, and their feelings of grief and indignation have been deeply aroused. Li He was full of sorrow and illness. Due to his long-term melancholy and sentimental life style, Yuanhe resigned as a gift-giving Lang Huichanggu due to illness in the eighth year (8 13) and died young at the age of 27. Melancholy and sentimentality can make a poet complete, or they may become "flowers of evil" that destroy them.
A book is not full of words, and words are not full of meaning.
Ancient poets participated in everything in the world by their own strength. They have made great achievements after making small achievements, and their significance is also very clear. When all the rough experiences are turned into poetry articles, they are praised and lamented by later generations because the feelings in his poems and the sadness between the lines often overlap in people's hearts. With this masterpiece and integrity, despite many ups and downs, I also praised its meticulous work and infiltrated it.
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