With the emergence of a large number of high-rise buildings, the rapid development of special buildings and the gradual aging of existing buildings, the hidden dangers of accidents in various public gathering places are also increasing, especially building fires. In the fire, people were suffocated by smoke because they could not evacuate in time, which caused great loss of life and property. For example, the "1 1.25" fire in Luoyang, Henan Province, caused people to be poisoned by smoke or suffocate because of the blockage of evacuation passages. In addition, due to the complex layout of modern buildings, especially high-rise buildings and special structures (such as the new CCTV building), the number of people is large, the time for people to evacuate to the ground is long, and the probability of congestion and congestion is high, the complexity of evacuation design is greatly increased. At the same time, it is also of great significance to make rational use of the existing traffic facilities and equipment in complex buildings and organize timely evacuation or rescue. Therefore, architectural designers and safety experts have to carefully consider the evacuation of people in buildings in emergencies (such as fire, earthquake, gas leakage, bomb explosion and modern air defense), and there is an urgent need for relevant theories and methods to guide the fire safety design and evaluation of buildings. Because evacuation involves human behavior, human psychology, behavior and other fields, the initial research used to use qualitative analysis to make some descriptions and questionnaires; With the complexity of modern buildings and the improvement of intelligence, the analysis of fire safety has been far from meeting the requirements. Especially in recent years, various research methods based on computer technology, such as digital camera, computer simulation and virtual reality technology, have been paid more and more attention by safety experts, scholars and relevant departments to quantify many characteristics in the evacuation process and analyze their relationships. The study of evacuation began to gradually transition from general observation and interviews to quantitative analysis of human behavior and environmental conditions. 2 Research theory comments on evacuation in buildings mainly involve the interaction of four factors: building structure layout, disaster environment, personal characteristics and evacuation guidance. Through the analysis and induction of previous research results [2-5], we can know the specific connotation of these factors: 1) Building structure refers to spatial layout, material structure, decoration status, etc. 2) Disaster environment refers to the concentration, visibility and crowd crowding of fire smoke; 3) Personal characteristics mainly include physical quality and psychological state. The former includes gender, age, physical strength and reaction. And the latter, such as personal experience, education, cultural tradition, life experience and other psychological factors that have a certain impact on escape; 4) Evacuation guidance refers to the use of pre-prepared fire-fighting equipment and evacuation plans to process the collected information according to the specific situation of the scene at the time of the incident, and to realize evacuation on this basis. The interaction of the above four factors and their influence on the evacuation process are all linked through information transmission. If each factor is regarded as a system with open boundaries, they are self-subjects. It is believed that this agent collects information from the environment, analyzes and processes it internally, completes a series of behaviors, and at the same time spreads its own information to the environment for other agents to collect, thus affecting each other's development process. For example, when a fire breaks out, the "Disaster Environment System" releases disaster information (smoke propagation, visible flame, etc. ), while "building structure system", "personal characteristic system" and "evacuation guidance system" collect and process their own information (such as the effect of thermal radiation on the structure, the physiological and psychological impact of smoke on people, alarm and command equipment activated by disasters, etc. ), and then release their own information (corresponding, such as structure). The information and information dissemination in this discipline is broad, including various specific behaviors and action results, not just intuitive narrow information, that is, visual, auditory, tactile and other perceptible signals that people can accept and respond to. It should be pointed out that narrow information and information dissemination are still a very important and worthy research topic in evacuation research. It is not only of great significance to solve some practical problems, but also enlightens the research of generalized information and information dissemination, and is also the research basis of the latter. The specific problems of evacuation in buildings include crowd density, evacuation speed, displacement, time, disaster development speed, people's reaction time to alarm, psychological reaction and so on. Many scholars at home and abroad have studied this kind of problem to varying degrees. However, the research from the perspective of information system and information dissemination, whether based on narrow or broad connotation, is very lacking. The main research results for reference abroad are as follows:1) The "social force" model proposed by Helbing [1-2] simulates people's panic behavior during emergency evacuation, which involves the adjustment of psychological state to behavior; 2)Wood, Bryan and others have done a lot of investigations on the fire parties in Britain and the United States respectively, and expounded the great social impact of high-rise building fires on people's behavior; 3) Kanter summarized the research on fire and human behavior and published Fire and Human Behavior; 4)Sime studied the evacuation and behavior in the early stage of evacuation, and clearly put forward the concepts of evacuation distance and evacuation time [3]. Recently, scholars at home and abroad began to study the influence of illumination and evacuation distance of evacuation passage on people's evacuation in familiar and unfamiliar environments, and the effectiveness of specific evacuation equipment under some special conditions, such as the reasonable value of fire alarm decibels in nursing homes, the arrangement of emergency lighting in karaoke places and so on. Domestic related work is still mainly based on questionnaire survey, focusing on the statistical analysis of people's behavior and psychology in fire or peacetime, and there are few simulation studies. In order to truly reproduce the evacuation process and deeply explore the existing problems, the author established a narrow information system and an information dissemination model in the evacuation process, and made a quantitative analysis of evacuation by using this model, and initially put forward the framework of a broad information system and an information dissemination model. 3 Research Contents and Model Introduction By collecting a large number of measured records of fire, civil air defense exercises and simulation exercises at home and abroad, as well as questionnaires and virtual reality tests after the fire, the behavioral parameters of evacuation are collected in a targeted manner, and classified and summarized to find out the behavioral tendencies of different types of people under different conditions such as office buildings, houses, public buildings, hospitals and schools. Explore the interaction between evacuation behavior and building structure, disaster environment, personal characteristics and evacuation guidance, and clarify the channels and ways for personnel to collect and process information. In this process, the latest progress of human psychology and behavior, sociology, game theory, biological simulation, computer algorithm and other disciplines is combined. On this basis, the author established a narrow information dissemination model. The model includes four subsystems: personnel model, signal model, building model and special scene model, as shown in figure 1. Personnel model is a combination of physiological and psychological simulation of evacuated personnel. Its function is to describe the process of receiving, processing and spreading signals, the choice of escape routes, the resolution of conflicts, the study of new rules, and the damage of toxic substances to the body's sports ability. The signal model focuses on simulating the generation and propagation of narrow information (physical and chemical signals that people can perceive). The special scene model is the reappearance of the disaster environment. Some of the three models are improvements on existing models, while others are brand-new works. 3. 1 people model describes the model of people's reaction and movement state, and fully considers people's characteristics and individual differences. It includes the following three parts: human motion model; Personnel information model; A mannequin 3. 1. 1 OAM, OccupantActionModel) This part includes personnel route selection, conflict resolution and learning of new rules. ① Input parameters: personnel position coordinates, geographic information, personnel information processing model output and personnel body model output. ② Output parameters: the direction and speed of personnel movement. ③ Processing mode: similar to NAND gate control in digital circuits. Simple logical reasoning process. Rules machine. 3. 1.2 personnel information model The model of personnel receiving, processing and spreading signals. 1) OIM-R (occupancy information model-receiving). The acceptance of physical and chemical signals also includes the acceptance of signals released by others, including sight, hearing and smell. The purpose is to receive various signals in the environment, and then convert them into unified quantization parameters, which are submitted to the signal processing model as input parameters. ① Output parameters: physical and chemical information in the environment, including the temporal and spatial distribution of signals in the signal model. ② Treatment methods: standardization and unification. Function processing mode. 2) OIM-P (Occupancy Information Model-Process). This part includes a processing mechanism and a small model of mental state. The purpose is to process the signals received by people into adults' choice preferences and sports strategies, submit them to people's sports models, and release them into the environment for others to receive.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd