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The concept and function of psychological counseling;
Psychological counseling is a process in which psychological counselors help clients solve various psychological problems. The most common and main target of psychological counseling is healthy people or people with psychological problems. Healthy people will face many problems such as family, job choice, study and social adaptation, and will expect to make ideal choices, successfully spend all stages of life, try their best to exert their abilities and seek a good quality of life. Psychological counselors can provide targeted development suggestions and give corresponding help from a psychological point of view.
The brand-new environment provided by psychological counseling can help people understand themselves and society, deal with various relationships, gradually change their unreasonable thinking, emotions and reactions with the outside world, and learn methods suitable for the outside world. It can not only help visitors solve problems and eliminate troubles, but also master self-adjustment methods, thus improving the quality of life, improving work efficiency, successfully educating children and handling family relations.
[Edit this paragraph] Classification of psychological counselor certification
At present, the domestic psychological counselor certification mainly includes the national psychological counselor qualification certification of the Ministry of Social Security (except overseas), the professional qualification certification of Shanghai psychological counselor and the international psychological counselor qualification certification.
At present, the more authoritative Ministry of Social Security certification, the following content is mainly based on the Ministry of Social Security psychological counselor certification (nationwide, except Shanghai).
The professional definition of psychological counselor
Refers to the professionals who use the professional knowledge of psychology and related disciplines, follow the psychological principles, and help the seekers to alleviate their psychological problems through the techniques and methods of psychological counseling. Psychological consultation is a creative applied science, and it is a work of "science+art". Psychological counselors are like a comb, they need to sort out the thoughts and problems of visitors and find the solutions that suit their problems again.
Training standards and teaching materials
Adopting the national vocational standards and national vocational qualification training courses for psychological counselors organized by the former Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the main contents include:
1, basic knowledge:
Basic psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, abnormal psychology and health psychology, psychometrics, consulting psychology.
2. Skill operation:
Psychological diagnosis skills, psychological counseling skills, psychological testing skills.
3. Professional ethics
[Edit this paragraph] Psychological counselors' professional ability characteristics
Have certain abilities of observation, understanding, learning, thinking and judgment, expression, interpersonal communication, self-control, self-psychological balance, communication control and so on.
Master multi-disciplinary knowledge and make corresponding answers according to the cultural level and acceptance ability of the clients.
Professional characteristics of psychological counselors
Psychological counselor is a noble profession. By studying psychological counselors, we can learn the knowledge and skills of psychological counseling, help people understand themselves and society, deal with various relationships, gradually change their unreasonable ways of thinking, feeling and reacting with the outside world, and learn methods suitable for the outside world. Psychological counselors can not only help visitors solve problems and eliminate troubles, but also master self-adjustment methods, and finally realize self-growth and self-development.
Psychological counselor is a high-level occupation, not only for income, but also for people who serve. At present, EAP service (enterprise psychological service) is an important form of psychological counselor service in the world, serving the world's top 500 enterprises. Now, 75% of Fortune 500 companies choose to provide EAP services for their employees. Psychological counselor is a career that can be engaged in for life and will continue to develop with the growth of age.
National professional qualification classification of psychological counselors
The national vocational qualification appraisal is divided into five grades. As a profession with high knowledge content, psychological counselors begin to identify directly from the third grade. * * * There are three levels of psychological counselors (national vocational qualification level 3), psychological counselors (national vocational qualification level 2) and senior psychological counselors (national vocational qualification level 1, not yet open).
Starting from 2006, the qualification examination will adopt the new national professional standard for psychological counselors promulgated by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security.
According to the new standard, the profession of psychological counselors is divided into three levels, namely, psychological counselors level 3, psychological counselors level 2 and psychological counselors level 1 (not yet open). Cancel the original titles of psychological counselor (national vocational qualification level 3) and senior psychological counselor (national vocational qualification level 1, not yet open).
In addition, Shanghai is also called "psychological counselor (level 4, which has been cancelled at present, but those who already hold this certificate can still be recognized), assistant psychological counselor (level 3), psychological counselor (level 2) and senior psychological counselor (level 1, which is not yet open)"
Registered place of psychological counselor
According to national regulations, as long as they meet the qualifications of psychological counselors, they can register in vocational skill appraisal institutions and local social labor and social security departments. The so-called appraisal only accepts counseling/training institutions, not individuals.
The income of psychological counselors
The income of psychological counselors belongs to the upper-middle class. At present, in the United States, the hourly salary of psychological counselors can reach about 150 US dollars. Fiberhome's annual recruitment report shows that in China, the fees for psychological counseling range from 100 yuan to 1000 yuan per hour, with an average hourly fee of 200 yuan. In Nanjing, the average charge is 100-200 yuan/hour. In some CBD business districts in Beijing, consulting fees often reach 100 USD/hour.
Professional ethics of psychological counselors
1 A psychological counselor shall not discriminate against the client because of his gender, age, occupation, nationality, nationality, religious beliefs, values and other factors.
Before establishing a counseling relationship, the counselor must let the visitors know the nature and characteristics of counseling, the limitations of this work, and the rights and obligations of the visitors.
When working with visitors, psychological counselors should discuss and reach an agreement with them on the main points of work, and reach a written agreement with them when necessary (such as using some therapy).
No relationship can be established between the counselor and the visitor except consultation. Try to avoid double relationship (try not to establish consulting relationship with acquaintances, relatives and colleagues), don't take advantage of the trust of help seekers in consultants for personal gain, especially don't have indecent words and deeds to the opposite sex.
When the psychological counselor thinks that he is not suitable to work with the client, he should make a clear explanation to the client in a responsible manner and introduce him to another suitable psychological counselor or doctor.
6. Psychological counselors should always strictly abide by the principle of confidentiality, and the specific confidentiality measures are as follows:
(1) Psychological counselors have the responsibility to explain the confidentiality principle of psychological counselors and the limits of applying this principle to visitors.
(2) In psychological counseling, once visitors are found to be harmful to themselves and others, necessary measures must be taken to prevent accidents (through relevant departments or family members if necessary) or to consult other psychological counselors, but the exposure of relevant confidential information should be limited to a minimum.
(3) Relevant information in psychological counseling, including case records, test materials, letters, audio recordings, videos and other materials, belongs to professional information and should be kept strictly confidential, and shall not be included in other materials.
(4) Psychological counselors can record and video the consultation process only with the consent of the visitors. When discussing cases for professional needs, or using cases for teaching, scientific research, writing, etc. , you should hide relevant information that may be used to identify the helper.
(5) Psychological counselors shall designate appropriate places and personnel to keep the records, diagnoses, notes or doctor's orders of psychological counseling services, and shall be obliged to keep them confidential.
(6) When asked by health, judicial and public security organs, psychological counselors shall not make false statements or reports.
Differences among mental health care workers, psychotherapists and psychological counselors
Mental hygienists were introduced by china health care association and China International Talent Exchange Center. The certificate belongs to the nature of the association and does not have the effect of national vocational qualification. The scope of work is only to carry out health care work for the basic population. Psychotherapists face people who have reached the level of disease. Training is only for people inside the medical system. There is no national certificate for training at present. As a profession, psychological counselor has been included in the national vocational ceremony. The certificate of psychological counselor is a national professional qualification certificate, and the holder of the certificate has the qualification to engage in this profession. Psychological counselors face the public and have a wide range of services.
Registration conditions for psychological counselors
Starting from 2006, the qualification examination will adopt the new national professional standard for psychological counselors promulgated by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security.
According to the new standard, the profession of psychological counselors is divided into three levels, namely, psychological counselors' level 3, psychological counselors' level 2 and psychological counselors' level 1. Cancel the original titles of psychological counselors (national vocational qualification level 3) and senior psychological counselors (national vocational qualification level 1).
New standard conditions for psychological counselors to apply:
▲ Psychological counselor level 3 (meet one of the following conditions)
1. Bachelor degree or above in psychology, education or medicine.
Two, with psychology, education, medical college degree psychological counselor three-level formal training reached the required standard hours, and obtained a certificate of completion.
Three, with other professional bachelor degree or above, psychological counselor three-level formal training reached the required standard hours, and obtained a certificate of completion.
In addition, Shanghai's requirements for assistant psychological counselors (level 3) only require college education, not limited to majors.
▲ Psychological counselor level 2 (meet one of the following conditions)
1. holds doctorate degrees in psychology, education and medicine.
Two, with a master's degree in psychology, education, medicine, psychological counselor secondary formal training reached the prescribed standard hours, and obtained a certificate of completion.
3. Those who have obtained the third-level professional qualification certificate of psychological counselors, engaged in psychological counseling for three consecutive years, reached the required standard hours after the second-level formal training of psychological counselors, and obtained the certificate of completion.
Four, with psychology, education, medicine, intermediate and above professional and technical professional qualifications, the psychological counselor secondary formal training to reach the required standard hours, and obtain a certificate of completion, engaged in psychological counseling for 3 years.
In addition, Shanghai's requirements for psychological counselors (Grade II) only require a bachelor's degree, or those who hold an assistant psychological counselor (Grade III) certificate and have been engaged in psychological counseling for more than 2 years, regardless of their major.
▲ First-class psychological counselors (those who meet one of the following conditions are temporarily closed)
1. Obtained the doctor's degree in psychology, education and medicine, received the formal training of the standard hours stipulated by the psychological counselor, and obtained the certificate of completion, and has been engaged in psychological counseling for 3 years continuously.
2. Have a master's degree, obtain the second-class professional qualification certificate of psychological counselor, have been engaged in psychological counseling for three years in a row, and have obtained the certificate of completion after the first-class formal training of psychological counselor.
Three, with psychology, education, medicine, associate senior and above professional and technical professional qualifications, after the first-level formal training of psychological counselors to reach the required standard hours, and obtained a certificate of completion, and engaged in psychological counseling for three years.
Subject of National Grade Examination for Psychological Counselors
Distance training content: basic knowledge+operation skills
Basic knowledge includes: basic psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, abnormal psychology and health psychology, psychometrics, consulting psychology, etc.
Operational skills include: psychological diagnosis skills, psychological testing skills and psychological counseling skills.
Another: Shanghai National Professional Qualification Appraisal for Psychological Counseling (version1+x);
Assistant psychological counselor (level 3): general psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, educational psychology, gender difference psychology, psychological statistics and measurement, school psychology, psychological counseling theory and technology, psychological ethics and morality, film and television clip analysis, face-to-face teaching practice and other courses (not less than 400 hours, of which face-to-face teaching practice is not less than 50 hours); In addition, this level needs to pass the basic knowledge appraisal of psychology (that is, general psychology and some social psychology knowledge)
Psychological counselor (Grade II): courses such as personality psychology, abnormal psychology, sexual psychology, occupational psychology, group psychological counseling, suicide crisis intervention, psychological counseling theory and practice, psychotherapy, psychological tests and commonly used scales (including projection tests), psychological ethics and morality, influence fragment analysis, face-to-face teaching practice, etc. (not less than 500 hours, of which face-to-face teaching practice is not less than 120 hours). In addition, this level needs to pass the entrance examination for psychological counselors (that is, all the knowledge of the third-level assistant psychological counselors)
Shanghai psychological counseling national vocational qualification training does not allow any correspondence or distance education!