3. Scientific principles
4. The principle of comprehensiveness
5. Economic principles
Question 2: What are the principles of market research? Principles of market research: authenticity, effectiveness, comparability and systematicness. Since market research is an activity that provides a correct basis for the production and operation of enterprises by collecting, classifying and screening information, it is necessary to follow the following principles. First, the principle of timeliness In the modern market operation, time is opportunity and money. Losing opportunities will lead to the failure of the whole business strategy and activities; Seize the opportunity to pave the way for success. The timeliness of market research is to capture and master any useful intelligence and information in the market in time, analyze and feedback in time, and create conditions for enterprises to formulate and adjust strategies in time in the course of operation. After the market survey begins, we should make full use of our limited practice and collect as much information and intelligence as possible. The delay of the investigation will not only increase the cost and waste money, but also make the decision of production and operation lag behind, which is extremely unfavorable to the smooth progress of production and operation. Second, the principle of accuracy. The market research work is to screen and sort out the collected data, intelligence and information, and draw the investigation conclusion after the analysis of the investigators for the use of enterprise decision-making. Therefore, the data collected by market survey must embody the principle of accuracy, and the analysis of survey data must be realistic and respect objective reality, and it is forbidden to substitute subjective speculation for scientific analysis. Similarly, one-sided and one-sided is not desirable. In order to make the business activities of enterprises run on the right track, it is necessary to have accurate information as the basis, so as to aim at the market, see the problems clearly and seize the opportunities. Third, the systematic principle The systematic performance of market research is the information about the production and operation of enterprises that should be comprehensively collected. Because under the condition of socialized mass production, the production and operation activities of enterprises are restricted and influenced by internal and external factors, which can play a positive role together and thus hinder the normal development of enterprises. Because the changes between many factors are mutually causal, if you simply understand a thing without examining how and why it plays such a role in the enterprise, you will not be able to grasp the essence of this thing, and it will be difficult to make a correct conclusion about the key factors affecting business. In this sense, market research should not only understand the actual production and operation of enterprises, but also understand the relevant situation of competitors; We should not only realize the influence of its internal organization, staffing, management quality and methods on its operation, but also examine the influence of all aspects of social environment on enterprises and consumers. Fourth, market research on economic principles is a time-consuming and costly activity. It requires not only physical and mental expenditure, but also certain material means to ensure the smooth progress of the investigation and the accuracy of the investigation results. Under the condition that the investigation content remains unchanged, the investigation methods are different and the expenses are different; Similarly, at the same cost, different investigation schemes will produce different effects. Because each enterprise's financial situation is different, it is necessary to determine the expenditure of investigation expenses according to its own strength and formulate corresponding investigation plans. For small and medium-sized enterprises, if they don't have the financial resources to conduct large-scale market research like Renren, they can conduct market research by visiting, directly listening to customers' opinions, reading a lot of relevant information in various propaganda media, and collecting competitors' products. As long as the work is done carefully and continuously, they will also receive good survey results. Therefore, market research should also emphasize economic benefits, and power plants can achieve the best results with less investment. 5. Market research on scientific principles is not an activity of simply collecting intelligence and information. In order to obtain more and more accurate information with limited time and funds, it is necessary to arrange the investigation process scientifically. What kind of survey methods should be adopted, who should be chosen as the survey object and how to formulate the questionnaire can achieve the effect of clearly expressing the intention and being easily answered by the respondents. These all need careful study; At the same time, use some knowledge of sociology and psychology to better communicate with the respondents; In the process of collecting survey data, computer, a high-tech product, should be used instead of manual operation to accurately and strictly classify and count a large amount of information; Data analysis should be carried out by personnel with certain professional knowledge, so as to make a deeper analysis of the summarized data and information; Analysts should also master and use relevant mathematical models and formulas to express the summarized data with rational data and accurately reflect the survey results. The confidentiality principle of intransitive verbs is embodied in two aspects ... >>
Question 3: What principles and scientific procedures should market research follow?
Successful market research must follow the following principles:
(1) principle of authenticity and accuracy;
(2) The principle of comprehensiveness and systematicness;
(3) the principle of economy;
(4) the principle of timeliness.
The steps of market research can be roughly divided into four stages:
(1) The preparation stage of market research, that is, the decision-making, design and planning stage. The specific work includes determining the investigation task, designing the investigation scheme, and forming the investigation team.
(2) Market research and data collection stage. At this stage, investigators contact the respondents, which is the only field implementation stage in the whole market research work;
(3) Market research stage. This is the stage of producing results;
(4) Market survey summary stage. The main task is to write an investigation report, summarize the investigation work and evaluate the investigation results.
Question 4: What are the basic principles of market research? Kaiyuan Wenjie now follows the principle of 1. Objectivity, pertinence, scientificity, comprehensiveness and economy.
Question 5: What are the principles and requirements of the survey method? (1) Basic principles of investigation 1. Principle of objectivity. The principle of objectivity means that investigators should understand the facts themselves according to their true colors, respect the facts unconditionally, and record, collect, analyze and use materials truthfully. In the implementation of the investigation plan, investigators must not hold any preconceptions about the subjects, and must collect data subjectively, and must not add, subtract or distort any objective facts. This is the scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts that education investigation must follow, and it is also the most basic principle in investigation and research. 2. Positive principle. The principle of positivism means that the conclusions of investigation and research and all related viewpoints must be fully supported by real and feasible data. The implementation of the empirical principle in investigation and research is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the investigation report should be based on information and data, and opinions, opinions and suggestions should not be imagined out of thin air. Second, the conclusion of the investigation is true and feasible, and it is necessary to avoid generalizing by partiality. Third, try to use quantitative data to illustrate your point of view. In the process of investigation, we should insist on qualitative and quantitative analysis of the investigation materials. Words such as "possible", "probably" and "almost" cannot be used in specific operations. Only by insisting on qualitative and quantitative investigation and analysis can we truly and concretely reflect the phenomenon. 3. Systematic principle. Systematic principle refers to the investigation of any objective phenomenon in education and teaching, starting from the integrity of the system. Investigation and research is not about the matter, but about putting things in a system and analyzing them as a whole. Following the systematic principle of investigation and research, the main requirements are: ① investigation and research should proceed from the overall goal of the system; The boundary of the system should be clearly defined; ③ Be good at decomposing a system into several elements; (4) In the investigation and study, we should pay full attention to the organic relations between the elements of the system, between the system and the environment, and understand the relations between the system and subsystems and large-scale systems. 4. The principle of multidirectional. The principle of multidirectional means that investigators should obtain relevant materials from multiple angles and sides in the investigation, that is, conduct a comprehensive investigation, pay attention to the combination of horizontal and vertical, macro and micro, multi-factors and individual factors, and make the investigation comprehensive and representative. The objects of education investigation are cadres, teachers, students, parents, etc. They are all living people, constantly changing. Therefore, in the investigation and study, we should not only pay attention to the past characteristics of the object, but also examine its new characteristics and understand its development trend. 5. The principle of flexibility. In the process of educational investigation, due to the complexity of educational phenomena, such as identity, occupation, age, gender and so on. For the respondents, or the different survey topics and methods, we must adapt to the changes in the situation, pay attention to flexibility, be flexible and adjust at any time according to the characteristics of the respondents, so as to ensure the acquisition of credible survey materials. (2) Basic requirements for investigation 1. Requirements for the quality of investigators. (1) Be honest, modest and sincere, enthusiastic, caring, understanding and respectful, compassionate, dignified and generous, and avoid being blunt, demanding and overbearing. (2) The educational thought is correct, with correct views on education, talents and students, correct educational methods, profound knowledge, broad vision and rich experience. (3) Have the ability to organize symposiums and interviews, guide, record and handle communication. 2. Job requirements for investigators. (1) Be able to thoroughly understand the essence and workload of the survey topic, be familiar with questionnaires, scales and related materials, and implement the survey and research plan with a serious and responsible attitude. (2) Abide by the work ethics of educational investigation, such as respecting the personality and privacy of the respondents, respecting the confidentiality requirements of the respondents, and not deceiving the respondents. (3) Use the survey materials completely and objectively, don't take them out of context, "write them brilliantly", and don't say what you want to say through the mouth of others.
Question 6: The principles of statistical investigation include the statistical work process of collecting data and information in a planned and organized way by using scientific investigation methods according to the purpose and requirements of investigation.
The principles of statistical investigation include:
(Principle of accuracy) Seek truth from facts and truthfully reflect the situation.
(Principle of timeliness) Timely reflection and timely prediction.
(The principle of wholeness) Combine figures and situations.
Question 7: What are the principles of the questionnaire survey? (1) Relevance principle-Except for a few topics that provide background, other topics in the questionnaire must be directly related to the research topic.
(2) The principle of conciseness-every question in the questionnaire should be concise, uncomplicated, specific and unambiguous, and try to use short sentences. Each topic involves only one question, and you can't ask them at the same time. (3) Politeness principle-try to avoid personal privacy or privacy issues in the questionnaire; Avoid problems that will bring social or professional pressure to respondents and make people feel dissatisfied. Only when the wording of the question is polite and sincere will people be willing to cooperate.
(4) the principle of convenience-the questions in the questionnaire should be answered as easily as possible, and don't waste too much pen and ink, and don't let the respondents feel at a loss and spend a lot of time thinking.
(5) Principle of quantitative accuracy-If quantitative information is to be collected in the questionnaire, the respondents should be asked to answer the exact number, not the average. (6) Option exhaustion principle-the choice answers provided by the questions in the questionnaire should be exclusive in logic and exhaustive in possibility. (7) The principle of rejecting terms-avoid using a large number of technical terms and vague terms and jargon in the questionnaire, so that the respondents can understand the topic.
(8) the principle of identity suitability-the language style and language of the questions in the questionnaire should be commensurate with the identity of the respondents. Therefore, before compiling a topic, researchers should investigate the situation of the object group, and if the object identity is diverse, the language should be as popular as possible; If the respondents are children and teenagers, the language should be vivid, concise and lively; If the interviewee is an expert and scholar, the language should be scientific and accurate, and professional language can be used appropriately.
(9) Non-guiding principle-the questions raised in the questionnaire should avoid implying some assumptions or expected results, and avoid reflecting some mindset orientation in the questions.
Question 8: What are the basic principles of social investigation and research? 1) the principle of objectivity. That is, collect data, analyze data and draw conclusions, without doping the subjective factors of researchers.
(2) scientific principles. It means that investigation and research must rely on the relevant achievements of various scientific research and establish a self-discipline system.
(3) Systematic principle. In other words, investigation and research should start from a systematic point of view and adapt to the characteristics of the object.
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Question 9: The basic principle of market forecast: edit the entry summary at 3 o'clock (rich in content). There is no abstract content at present. Welcome to add the editing summary directory-[hidden] 1 market forecast 2 What is market forecast? 3 principles of market forecast 4 basic elements of market forecast 5 basic steps of market forecast 6 contents of market forecast 7 methods of market forecast Edit this paragraph | Top Market Forecast Edit this paragraph | Top What is market forecast? The so-called market forecast is to use scientific methods to investigate and study the factors that affect the changes of market supply and demand, analyze and predict its development trend, grasp the laws of market supply and demand changes, and provide reliable basis for business decisions.
Market forecasting has a long history. According to China's Historical Records, from the 6th century BC to the 5th century BC, Fan Li abandoned his official position and went to sea after helping Gou Jian destroy the country. /kloc-in 0/9, he became a rich man in the world, and his success in the market depends on his understanding of market forecast. For example, "when it comes to excess shortage, you know how expensive it is. If it is expensive, it will be cheaper. If it is cheap, it will be expensive." This is his prediction of commodity price changes according to the relationship between supply and demand of commodities in the market.
Strictly speaking, the market forecast started from the second half of19th century. On the one hand, the market changes in the capitalist economy are extremely complicated. As long as we can make profits and reduce business risks, we must grasp the changing law of the economic cycle; On the other hand, the research on the quantitative relationship between phenomena in mathematical economics is gradually deepening, the statistical data of various countries are increasingly enriched, and the statistical methods suitable for dealing with economic problems, including market forecasting, are gradually improving. The milestone of academic market forecast comes from Austrian economist and statistician Spalla? Nieman counted it. He studied the production of gold, silver, coal, iron, coffee and cotton, the problems related to railways, shipping, telecommunications and international trade, and the import and export value data of 1866- 1873.
Prediction serves decision-making, so as to improve the scientific level of management and reduce the blindness of decision-making. We need to grasp the relevant trends of economic development or future market changes through forecasting, reduce the uncertainty in the future, reduce the risks that may be encountered in decision-making, and make the decision-making objectives be successfully realized. Edit this paragraph | Back to the principle of market forecasting. The prophet of the future is not only a human desire, so the prophecy has existed for a long time, including the myth of "knowing it 500 years ago", so the prophecy has been reduced to a disgraceful predecessor called "divination".
If an enterprise can achieve a certain degree of foresight, the benefits to its operation are of course self-evident. Of course, it is impossible to make a complete prediction, otherwise everyone is a millionaire and every enterprise is thriving.
Although enterprises are uncertain about the future, the progress of human understanding and thinking has made people discover the importance of law. The ancients have long said that "Tao" is the law. With the accumulation of historical experience and the progress of science and technology, the ability of human beings to understand nature has been greatly enhanced. As an enterprise, discovering, understanding and applying "laws" (including market, customers, technology and enterprise development) will definitely increase the chances of winning. (A) the basic principles of forecasting
In the simplest terms: it is the following mode.
Known → unknown, past, present → future
Law, trend, logic, experience and essence are the ability and means to analyze problems.
(B) the four principles of forecasting
Prediction itself depends on mathematics, statistics and other methodologies and advanced means. Let's not talk about technology and methods. For managers of enterprises, the first concern may be how to form an effective way of thinking. The following principles may be instructive:
1, correlation principle: based on the thinking height of "classification", we pay attention to the correlation between things (categories) and infer the changing trend of another thing when we know (or assume) that something has changed.
The most typical correlations are positive correlation and negative correlation. In thinking, it is not entirely data correlation, but more "qualitative".
(1) Positive correlation is the "promotion" between things, such as the average income of residents and "the number of air conditioners owned by 100 households"; Some enterprises realize that "the only child is valued" and infer the market of toys, education-related products and services; A certain region * * * repeatedly asks enterprises a question: "What opportunities will people's material and cultural living standards bring?" This is actually the biggest opportunity facing the unknown market at present! "household appliances industry", "kitchen revolution" and "health care products" have been developed in this field.
Question 10: What is the content principle of due diligence? Due diligence, also known as prudential investigation, refers to a series of activities that investors conduct on-the-spot investigation and data analysis on all matters related to this investment of the target enterprise after reaching a preliminary cooperation intention with the target enterprise through consultation. It is mainly carried out in capital operation activities such as acquisition and investment, but enterprises will also need to conduct due diligence in advance when they go public to find out whether they have the listing conditions. The following are the survey contents and basic principles of Hunan Zhongying Fabang Consulting for your reference!
Due diligence business content:
1, due diligence of enterprise merger and acquisition
2. Due diligence on major investment of enterprises
3. Due diligence on major issues of the enterprise
4. Reverse due diligence
5. Due diligence of company listing
6. Others
Basic principles of due diligence:
1, principle of independence
(1) Project professionals should serve the project team, but they should be responsible for the department heads in business to ensure independence.
(2) Keep an objective attitude.
2, the principle of prudence
(1) Caution during the investigation.
(2) Review plans, working documents and reports.
3, the principle of comprehensiveness
Due diligence should cover all aspects of the enterprise, such as law, finance, management, industry and market.
4, the principle of importance
Pay attention to different industries and enterprises according to the risk level.