What was the ancient real estate like?
2065438+March 22, 2003 16: 19 ladies and gentlemen.
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[Introduction] Real estate is not available today. With private ownership, there will be real estate transactions. Of course, today's real estate industry is at its peak. Land is still state-owned, but the price is too high to invest. Nowadays people play more abroad than the ancients.
Real estate no longer exists today. With private ownership, there will be real estate transactions. Of course, today's real estate industry is at its peak. Land is still state-owned, but the price is too high to invest. Nowadays people play more abroad than the ancients.
How much did it cost to buy a piece of land in ancient times? In the series "Wild Man", Dong Fangshuo wrote a sentence: "Between the rich pickaxes, the number is earth paste, and its price is one mu of gold." This is the most familiar land near Chang 'an in Han Dynasty. The so-called one gold in the Han dynasty refers to a catty of gold, which is converted into almost 10 thousand copper coins, and now it is converted into four or five thousand. An acre of land is more than 660 square meters, with 70 to 80 yuan per square meter. There are many records that can prove this price, such as "the paste of Jue Tu, the price per mu is one gold" and "the ancestral land is fertile and the price per mu is one gold". This is probably the price of the Han Dynasty.
In the Song Dynasty, real estate transactions became active. You can not only buy it with money, but also exchange things. "Talk about Tiewei Mountain" said that calligrapher Mi Fei wanted to buy a big house in Danyang, south of the Yangtze River, and asked people everywhere. One of his buddies is thinking about a treasure in Mifei's hand. What is this? An inkstone. This inkstone is called the inkstone mountain, which originally belonged to Li Houzhu. It is more than a foot long. There are 36 finger-thick "peaks" in front, slopes on both sides and a research pool in the middle. It's a good baby anyway. So, this one helped Mifei to explore that place, and finally found an ancient tomb under the river in Kanluoji, which is said to be the residence of people in the Jin and Tang Dynasties. It has beautiful scenery, mountains and rivers behind it, and many towering ancient trees. After that, I called a dinner party, and everyone ate and drank happily together. Mi Fei changed the land from inkstone. Later, he built a big house here and named it "Haiyue Temple".
Can I exchange inkstones for houses now? If we really find Li Houzhu, maybe we can. But it is estimated that this thing will not fall into the hands of literati. Mi Fei gave the inkstone to his partner, and it was later taken away by Song Huizong.
According to the notes of the Qing Dynasty, the land transaction contract of the Song Dynasty was found at that time, which read: somewhere in Taiping Township, Jiangdu County, Song State, 99,990 yuan has been paid, and the emperor's heavenly king, stepmother and 38 generals have all bought tombs. Clear transmission in front of the gods of heaven and earth. See Min Dong, Queen Mother of the West, guarantors Zhang Lu, Li Ting, signers and so on ... Finally, they added, "As a law, this is urgent."
This endless title deed is quite suspicious. Nearly 100 thousand to buy a cemetery? Can catch up with the current price. Later, someone found a book in the Song Dynasty, and found that it was recorded that buying a cemetery must use a land purchase certificate, which was made of wood and written in red letters. We'll talk about the actual price. Land purchase vouchers must be written in nine numbers, such as "9999" (this is too cheap). Others found the land purchase certificate of the Jin Dynasty, but the price said "4 million yuan". It seems that this title deed is not a real title deed, but a form, or an object to comfort the dead.
There is also real land ownership. It is mentioned in Rongzhai Essay that since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, all the goods sold to the handmaiden Mazhai have vouchers. There are not only contracts, but also transaction taxes. The tax rate is 4%, which is much more humane than the current 20%. When the seller goes out of 300 yuan, the buyer pays 100 yuan, and everyone has a share. Even so, many people think that the government demands too much. These taxes are nominally paid by both parties, but in fact, "all buyers lose." In order to avoid tax, if the transaction amount is relatively large, we have to find ways to "conceal the value", deliberately conceal the price in the contract, and start a yin-yang contract, just like the current situation. In this way, there will be more related litigation disputes.
Yu Yue, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, wrote that the deed tax for buying and selling farmland houses in Qing Dynasty was paid by the buyer, which was the same as that in Song Dynasty. However, according to the system of Jin and Song Dynasties, both buyers and sellers have to pay money, and the seller has to pay more money than the buyer, which is "inextricable". If he lived to this day, he would know that nothing can't be solved. System belongs to system, flexibility belongs to flexibility, and market decides everything. As soon as he went to the tax office, he understood that I can get whatever you want.
All the above are private real estate enterprises. Where are the officials? What kind of house can they live in? Officials of the Tang Dynasty lived in typical houses. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, a high-ranking official who advocated frugality like Wei Zhi lived in a humble room. Emperor Taizong wanted to build him a big house, but he didn't want it anyway. Later, when Wei Zhi was seriously ill, Li Shimin quickly built himself a small auditorium out of wood and took it to Wei Zhi to build a house, which was completed in only five days. The house remained until the Kaiyuan period and was destroyed by fire. When the house was burned down, Wei Zhi's descendants cried for three days, and the literati also went to mourn.
For example, Li, assistant minister of Zhongshu (equivalent to Deputy Secretary-General the State Council), lived in a humble abode and finally died in the "abbot's room". The emperor was very sorry and paid to build a mourning hall for him.
But after Wu Zetian, royal officials began to be extravagant, and all of them were better than building luxury houses. During the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Hao, an ancient imperial doctor, was sentenced to death, and court officials went to Wang's Taipingfang House for investigation, but they were "not allowed to visit for several days", which was really Fang Shu's style. Anecdotal discussion, this kind of behavior is called "the demon of civil engineering".
Even the Anshi rebellion did not stop the bad style. Guo Ziyi, who put down the rebellion, was a big cow. In his family, the courtyard depends on horses and chariots. I don't know the doorman in every yard. The so-called "high hall and wide house."
One day, when Guo Ziyi went out, he saw the construction team building a courtyard wall for him. He said casually, "build this wall well, don't be weak." The worker put down his tools and said, "Don't worry, I built the city wall for the dignitaries in Beijing. For decades, seeing the owner changed, the wall is no problem. "
Guo Ziyi listened for a long time, said nothing, turned to the court and resigned.