Xuanyuan Hugh ruled the country, but Yu Shun didn't play the piano.
Blowing the wrong horn is still half-hearted.
Sages have existed since ancient times and have been sick for many years.
Ships often rely on earthquakes, and lakes are flat early.
If you smell Ma Rongxiao, if you lean on the clock.
The old country is sad and cold, and the clouds are gloomy.
The water town is covered with white houses, and the maple bank is covered with green cen.
Gloomy winter, misty rain and stagnation.
Drums greet non-sacrificial ghosts and bounce like owls.
When you are exhausted, you are bored, and you can't help worrying.
When things get dim, life becomes blurred.
Doubt about crossbows, long treat crown hairpin.
Di Wei was surprised by the leading result, and Liu Xin was elected to the cabinet.
Crazy, comfortable? I appreciate your kindness.
I'm safe. Your precious jade is the first time.
Wu Ji was heavily tied and her clothes were inch by inch.
Sorrow is the same as Geng Xin, but different from Chen Lin.
Kudzu ten summers, Chu anvil three creams.
Where to accompany the brocade tent, play the white-headed song for a long time.
It's hard to meet the park, and it's easy to sink if you forget the plane.
Eat a few pills and you will get nearly four gold.
Spring grass seals hatred, and the source is alone.
Turn worry into calmness, and illness into medicine.
He chased Pan Yue and looked for Deng Lin in danger.
Take a walk and be grateful to your bosom friend.
However, he pretended to stutter and boasted about Zhou and Song Dynasties.
When you are fascinated by sweat, you will get a good job.
This city is full of talented people, and Song Jun is full of blue invertors.
Wear a face for beauty, run away from it for beauty.
Lang Jian is stupid and straight, and God looks after him.
Sun still relies on risks, but Hou Jing is not captured alive.
The letters are wide and the battle is deep.
Fear people for thousands of miles, ask the vulgar Kyushu for advice.
The blood is still there, and the sound of the army has moved to this day.
Ge Hong's body will be disposed of, while Xu will still serve.
You can't get out when you do housework.
Make an appreciative comment
The tone of the whole poem is sadness and bitterness. It is divided into four paragraphs, each of which closely follows this tone and expresses his worries and sorrows from different angles.
The first paragraph, from "Xuanyuan Xiuzhi" to "when things are in a bad mood", starts with the wind disease, and then comes what I saw and felt when I sailed in the lake, with the emphasis on suffering. At the beginning of the four sentences, Wang said, "Get up four angry words." Yang Lun commented: "The original alarm." In this regard, Mr. Xiao Difei has a profound explanation: "These four sentences should be read together, because the third sentence affirms the first sentence and the fourth sentence affirms the second sentence. It's a strange beginning, but it's a wind disease. What does the wind disease have to do with Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor) making laws and Yu Shun playing the piano? This is because it is said that the Yellow Emperor made laws to adjust the wind direction in all directions, playing banjo and singing the south wind (the lyrics are "the south wind can relieve the anxiety of our people"), but now I am very popular. Isn't it because their laws are wrong and their hearts are hurt? In that case, there is no need to do or play. This kind of boring thoughts and unreasonable complaints just illustrate the pain that the wind disease brought to Du Fu. " (Notes on Selected Poems of Du Fu) These four sentences truly show the helplessness and anger of the poet during his long illness, so that he was in a trance. "If you smell Ma Rong's flute, if you lean on the clock" compares Ma Rong's flute to tinnitus during the attack of style disease, and RoyceWong's "opening the north wind" is a metaphor for shivering in the disease. Under the long-term serious illness, the poet's mood is extremely poor and he is in a depressed winter. He watched the scenery of Dongting Lake on the boat. The Leng Yun in the air, the dark "white house" (that is, the hut), the miasma like fog, the drizzle, the drums offering sacrifices to ghosts and the wailing of the owl being shot down all add to the poet's sadness and boredom. "Life is at stake, things are bleak" is a vivid portrayal of this situation. The poet uses the artistic technique of blending scenes to set off his illness and pain by telling sad scenes, so that his illness and pain are multiplied.
The second paragraph is a turning point after the first paragraph, from "a crossbow of doubt" to "nearly four know gold" Looking back, I focus on the hardships of "wandering in the southwest between heaven and earth" Beginning with two sentences, "Doubt in the crossbow, long stay in the crown and hairpin", and the story of "bow and snake shadow", he said that he could not return to Beijing for a long time because of the sinister world. It implies that he has been living in fear since he was convicted of saving a house in Beijing. As for the embarrassment in life, not to mention: just eat wild vegetable soup, tie it with the watch "five skins" and patch the clothes you wear. During the ten years of frequent wandering in Bashu and three years in Chu, although they were also received by local officials and received brocade accounts from escort agencies, most of them were difficult to hit it off. I'm busy with food and clothing, but I'm as sad as Yu Xin, and I can't make a good article like Chen Lin. Nevertheless, the poet showed a strong character: "You need to eat a few pills and get nearly four gold knowledge." In this passage, there is also a mockery of Classical ("I am grateful for my talent" and "I am grateful for your jade") and a feeling of my own predicament ("It is hard to meet when you rebel, but it is easy to sink when you forget yourself"), and there is a raging anger hidden in the calm narrative.
The third paragraph, from "spring grass to hate" to "the sky shines in the sky", describes the gratitude for the high friendship of relatives and friends after entering Hunan, and shows the loneliness and helplessness of strangers. The reason why he moved to Hunan indefinitely was explained to his relatives and friends: In the spring of 768 (the third year of Dali), Du Fu went out of the gorge to Jiangling and wanted to go north by land and return to his hometown in Gongxian County, Henan Province. However, due to various reasons, he couldn't make it, so he had to go south to find a place to live in Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, but he couldn't find it. In the two poems, the meaning of vagrancy has been deeply contained. In the extremely difficult situation of "turning worries into calmness, taking medicine to get sick and chasing Pan Yue", we have to "look for Deng Lin (that is, crutches) in a crisis", just like a sick person needs the support of crutches, relying on relatives and friends and relying on help. And his own stupidity is tolerated by relatives and friends. "What do you know about me, just like the three rivers and five lakes in the crowd, the mountains stand on the highlands. The city gate is open to the morning light, and pine and bamboo are covered with clear running water. People with smiling faces rode fast horses to see the prince. You all have the knowledge to appreciate a silly and straightforward person like me. I only hope that heaven and earth will shine on me, thank you for your sincerity. " The feeling of gratitude is sincere and moving, but behind it, readers can clearly see an image of an old man who is sick and depressed, forced to speak, desolate and lonely, and full of tears. Under "tripping over a toddler", it seems easy on the surface, but after four sentences, "turn worry into joy and keep quiet" it seems particularly heavy. This method of mutual foil has achieved the effect of infiltration.
In the fourth paragraph, from "Gongsun is still leaning on risks" to the end, the pen moves down, lamenting that those who hurt themselves will die on the road because of the war, conveying the infinite sadness of life. This paragraph is a summary of the whole article. To sum up, the concise text contains rich contents: on the one hand, "Gongsun is still in danger, Hou Jing has not been captured alive", "the blood of war still exists, and the military strategists have migrated to this day", and the chaos in the buffer region has caused endless wars all over the world, which is the fundamental reason for the loss of life and the departure from their homes; On the other hand, "the letter is wide, the soldiers are deep", "I am afraid of people for thousands of miles, and I ask the vulgar Kyushu to persuade me". My hometown is cut off and I can't expect to return to Japan. Especially the last four sentences: "Ge Hong's body will be solved, so it is difficult to serve. Housework has nothing to do with it! " This is extremely painful. The author burst into tears: I am very ill and will die like Ge Hong's autopsy in the Jin Dynasty, and now I can't go to a safe place like Xu Jing in the late Han Dynasty; Housework will be as difficult to maintain as alchemy without alchemy. How can you cry without reminding people? The poet hopes that after his death, his relatives and friends can lend a helping hand and take care of his family. It is full of deep mourning and makes people cry. Here, readers not only see a kind and sad old man who still cares about his family when he is dying, but also see a lofty image of a patriot who still cares about state affairs and the country and the people in the last days of his life. This last poem is the declaration of the great poet Du Fu's indomitable and lifelong struggle, "a vibrant martyr's song buried by Jin Jian" and "a poem with great compassion and deep yearning for Taoism" (Preface to Du Fu's Poems in Liu Bingsen, Fan Ceng). It will shine in the history of poetry with great momentum and exquisite art.
This is a five-character arrangement. In the Tang Dynasty, five-character arrangement was used to select scholars, and "five-character arrangement" was the official poetic style recognized by the authorities at that time. Du Fu used the five-character arrangement to send gifts to relatives and friends when he was lonely, which also showed his solemnity and respect for each other. But there are many constraints in the five-character arrangement. No matter how long it is, all the sentences in the middle must be antithetical and accurate, and quotations should be used. At the same time, giving this poem to relatives and friends means replacing books with poems, so it is as familiar, beautiful and appropriate as family. The first two sentences don't have to be dual, but "Xuanyuan stops the envoy and Yu Shun stops the piano" is dual and precise, giving people a very delicate feeling from the beginning. However, in the middle of the finishing process, there is running water, which is "vain and tongue-tied, boasting about Zhou and Song Dynasties", which is natural and full of changes. As for allusions, they are used a lot in poetry. Huang Tingjian said that there is not a word in Lao Du's poems. However, there is no sense of piling up. "It is true that it is used properly, and it is obviously hidden, which makes people feel uncomfortable. For example, in the so-called pinch of salt water, drinking water is salty "(Wang Jide's" Bending Law "). This fully embodies Du Fu's knowledge and artistic accomplishment of "reading thousands of books and writing like a god", which has left a profound inspiration for future generations.