To put it simply, if there is no psychoanalytic theory as the basis of learning, learning analytical psychology, humanism, existentialism and individual psychology, including cognitive behavior, will face many difficulties.
Freud creatively founded the dynamic foundation of psychology, subconscious mind and id superego, which laid a solid foundation for modern psychology.
Jung's analytical psychology advocates collective unconsciousness. As a big disciple of Freud, Jung does not admit that his analytical psychology is within the genre framework of psychoanalysis, but many psychologists still believe that his analytical psychology is based on psychoanalytic theory.
Existentialist school, many knowledge points will involve the defense of the three elements of psychoanalysis. For example, existentialism believes that fear of death will lead to two kinds of defenses: uniqueness and ultimate savior.
In the cognitive behavioral school, the core icons and flashes of thought will be easy to understand if you have studied the subconscious mind of psychoanalysis.
Humanism mainly involves empathy in the three elements of psychoanalysis. Humanism extends the cognitive level of psychoanalysis to empathy, such as the concept of visitors.
In addition,
The school of object relations in psychoanalysis put forward the attachment theory. The important influence of the main caregiver on the baby. This has an important influence on other theories in family therapy.
Self-psychology school puts forward that self-three poles, mirror reflection, idealization and twinning are aimed at narcissism in personality traits.
The ego school of psychology puts forward the theory of defense mechanism, inhibits substitution and sublimation, etc. Are accepted by existentialism.
The intersubjectivity school put forward the concept of "consultation-visiting relationship" and "* *" to jointly construct the field, which is mainly an extension and supplement to empathy and anti-communism.
Including modern mental health system medicine, also has a great influence. For example, the concept of anxiety was first put forward by Freud.
As can be seen from the above, Freud's psychoanalysis has had such a great influence on modern psychology.
1. At first glance, modern psychology? Theoretical framework? I quickly checked the information and talked about the origin, research methods, theoretical development, difficulties and so on of psychology. The word "modern psychology" doesn't seem like "general psychology, social psychology" or "psychoanalysis, humanism" or a discipline or a therapy, so understand it.
I don't know whether the subject asked this question for research, examination or other purposes. Personally, I think it may be more reliable and meaningful to consult scientific literature. It seems that it is not suitable to understand this problem in clinic.
3. The rise and development of psychology is a very clear history, and the information about it is easy to get. The genre of psychological counseling is also very clear. The techniques of psychological counseling mentioned in Zeng Qifeng's Elementary Course of Psychoanalysis are 250 universities, which is very interesting. In fact, I also agree that psychoanalysis is indeed the foundation, the basis for learning and understanding other schools and therapies, just like a science, so we should lay a good foundation first.
Maybe the answer doesn't matter, just talk about my personal opinion about the invited answer.
First of all, psychology originated from philosophy, and many topics discussed in philosophy are related to psychology, so if you want to look at psychology systematically, you should at least have a general understanding of philosophy.
As we all know, the ultimate question of philosophy is: who am I, where do I come from and where am I going?
In order to answer these three questions, the sages worked hard and western philosophy formed three pieces.
The earliest is: ancient Greek philosophy, represented by Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. The other three are teachers and students in the same strain. Socrates is Plato's teacher and Plato is Aristotle's teacher.
Ancient Greek philosophy paid attention to rationality and speculation, which led to the development of cognitive therapy and confrontation in psychotherapy.
Then religion, Christianity, Judaism and Catholicism, a group of people are arguing whether to believe in God or Jesus. Religion pays attention to faith, and people with faith generally have strong psychological adjustment ability.
Finally, ancient Roman philosophy emphasized the spirit of contract.
Let's take a look at the theories and therapeutic schools commonly used in psychology.
1. structuralism
Representative figures: Feng Te and Tieqinna.
Main points: it is argued that psychology should study human consciousness, that is, the consciousness of direct experience. Emphasize the composition of consciousness, only pay attention to the composition of consciousness, regardless of the source, significance and function of the content of consciousness.
This is the pioneer of behaviorism.
2. Functional psychology
Representative figures: James, Dewey, Angel
Key points: Functionalist psychology is put forward as the opposite of constructivism. They claim that the research object of psychology is adaptive psychological activities, and emphasize that conscious activities play an important intermediary role between the needs of human organisms and the environment.
3. behaviorism
Representative figures: Watson, Skinner, Bandura
Main viewpoints: The viewpoint of behavioral psychology research is to find out the regular relationship between stimulus and response. Watson thinks that if you give me a dozen babies, I can shape them into anything they want. Behaviorism emphasizes treating people's psychological problems from action, rather than analyzing the subconscious like psychoanalysis.
There are many behaviorist therapies, such as positive reinforcement, aversion therapy and system decryption. It is still a relatively effective therapeutic faction.
4. Complete form
Representatives: wertheimer, Kohler, Kaufka.
Main points: Oppose the division of consciousness into elements and emphasize the significance of psychology as a whole and an organization. Every psychological phenomenon is a gestalt and a "separated whole". The whole is greater than the sum of its parts, and it is not composed of several elements. The whole exists before the part, which restricts the nature and significance of the part.
5. Psychoanalysis
Representative figures: Freud, Jung, Adler
Key points: Psychoanalysis, also known as psychodynamic therapy, now generally includes three categories.
Classical psychoanalysis: based on Freud's libido theory. A * * * has five major contents:
1: subconscious and consciousness
2. Id, ego and superego
3. Sexual psychological development process
4. Interpretation of dreams
5. Defense mechanism
Object relationship: Klein is a representative figure, who denies Libido as the core and thinks it is the mother-child relationship in the early years.
Self-psychology: The representative figure is kohut, who thinks the core factor is narcissism.
Finally, it summarizes the four core cornerstones of human psychology: sexual drive, aggressive drive, relationship and narcissistic needs.
Any problem can ultimately be summed up in these four words, but it will suit the right medicine.
6. Humanistic psychology
Representative figures: Maslow and Rogers
Key points: emphasize people-oriented, respect and attach importance to the basic needs of individuals, and respect and attach importance to self. There is Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, human nature is good and so on.
7. Cognitive psychology
Representative figures: Nasser, Simon, Newell.
Key points: The starting point of cognitive psychology is relatively high, and some concepts of artificial intelligence are often introduced. But it doesn't seem to be very grounded, and it is mostly used in scientific research and technology.
There is a very important therapy called cognitive therapy, such as rational emotional therapy and so on. These are the basic skills of any factional psychological counselor for treatment.
1 behaviorism
Behaviorism is a theory held by behaviorists. The main argument of behaviorists is that the emergence and change of all individual behaviors depend on the connection between stimulus and response. Among the themes of modern psychology, behaviorism mainly focuses on the study and application of learning, motivation, social behavior and abnormal behavior.
2. Psychoanalytic theory
Psychoanalysis, commonly used in modern psychology, generally refers to Freud's explanation of the internal reasons of behavior based on his subconscious mind. Among the themes of modern psychology, psychoanalysis mainly focuses on the research and application of physical and mental development, forgetting motivation, personality development, abnormal behavior and psychotherapy.
3. Humanitarian
Humanism refers to the psychological process of individual self-realization in normal environment, which is advocated by humanistic psychologists Maslow and Luo Jiasi. Among the themes of modern psychology, humanism mainly focuses on the research and application of learning, motivation, personality development, counseling and psychotherapy.
4. Cognitive theory
Cognitive theory includes broad and narrow theories in cognitive psychology; In a broad sense, it refers to the explanation of general cognitive process, and in a narrow sense, it only refers to the explanation of information processing behavior. Among the themes of modern psychology, cognitive theory mainly focuses on the research and application of learning, intellectual development, emotion and psychotherapy.
5. The viewpoint of physiological science
The view of physiological science refers to the explanation of individual behavior and psychological process based on the knowledge of physiological psychology and neuropsychology. Among the themes of modern psychology, the view of physiological science mainly focuses on the research and application of physical and mental development, learning, feeling, motivation, emotion, abnormal behavior and so on.
Psychology is a science that studies human psychological phenomena and their psychological functions and behavioral activities under their influence, taking into account outstanding theories and applications.
The birth of psychology, not to mention Feng Te, was a German scholar. Influenced by natural science, he established a psychology laboratory and became an independent discipline from speculative philosophy.