definition
(1) Statistical information refers to information that has an impact on human activities and is processed by statistical methods in the form of statistical data or data. It includes general statistical information of cognitive activities, statistical information of professional scientific research and statistical information of statistical work.
② Statistical information refers to the information and data reflected by the statistical work of enterprises and society. Including statistical original information, statistical classification information, statistical analysis information and statistical supervision information.
(3) Statistical information refers to the activities of the whole human society, with the content of reflecting social development and changes, and with the help of certain forms, including data (such as numbers, letters and symbols), vouchers, statements, reports, drawings, rules and regulations, etc. , which can be collected, transmitted or stored by statistical techniques.
Signals and messages that people accept, understand and are useful for us to participate in social activities.
Characteristic objectivity
This is determined by the characteristics of the statistical population and the nature of the information itself. Although statistics and information are two different concepts, this does not affect the objectivity of statistical information at all. Statistics is used to reflect the total number of phenomena, and this statistical population, whether it is the population of natural phenomena or the population of social phenomena, is objective and objective. The existence of information is also objective. The generation of statistical information is based on the statistical logic of dimensional thinking and inductive reasoning, so it shows the objective characteristics of reflecting objectivity and reasoning based on objectivity. Furthermore, the quality evaluation standard of statistical information is also based on how to accurately and timely reflect objective activities and analyze objective internal relations.
scalar
The quantity of statistics and the measurability of information determinism have quantitative characteristics. Statistical information has quantitative characteristics in form, which is why statistics should be used to study the quantitative aspects of social, economic, natural and experimental phenomena and understand the quantitative aspects and regularity of these activities. Due to the quantitative content of statistical information, statistical information often appears in the form of statistical data, but statistical information is by no means limited to the form of statistical data.
universality
The universality of statistics and the universality and infinity of information determine the universality of statistical information. All aspects of human and natural activities have the formation, flow and application of statistical information.
consistent
In the process of the emergence and development of statistical cognitive means, the unification of social standards has always been the goal and development direction pursued by people, because statistics is determined by overall research. Therefore, statistical information shows good social unity in form and other aspects. The first is the unification of statistical index calculation and processing methods. The basic indicators stipulated in statistical statements are the same for any enterprise or institution, and these basic indicators are calculated by a unified method regardless of their business activities. Second, the information processing process at each level of statistical automation system is the same. Statistical information processing systems at all levels are interrelated to form a strict data processing system. Among them, each level adopts the grouping mark of the previous level to merge the statistical indicators. If the caliber and scope of statistical indicators are not uniform, the statistical automation system can't process and process them, so it can't identify the characteristics of statistical population. Third, statistical information has a strict processing cycle.
Multi-level
The derivation of information and the diversity of statistical methods determine the multi-level of statistical information. The first is the multi-level nature of statistical information processing. According to their understanding of social, economic, natural and experimental activities as a whole, statistical information directly reflects the number of these activities and the statistical information processed on the basis of reflection and description. Second, the diversity of statistical information utilization. The indicators in the reporting period will be used in the future. It is the most corresponding indicator in the past period and an integral part of the dynamic series used to analyze and test statistical data. It should be clear that statistical information is the most complete and multi-level, but as far as a specific statistical information is concerned, its content refers to concreteness. Therefore, this multi-level statistical information should maintain a good overall connection.
* * * Enjoy
As a kind of statistical information with use value and value form.
Social resources, which are different from general physical products. When the physical product is sold, its use value disappears, and statistical information does not disappear because of one use. This is the whole society of statistical information.
* * * Enjoy the possibility. In terms of time, statistical information can be used and developed many times; From a spatial perspective, a piece of statistical information can be shared by many parties.
disadvantage?
Statistical information cannot reflect the whole content of objective things. Because of different statistical methods, different processing methods and time deviation, information will always be lost. In terms of survey methods, in theory, there should be no incompleteness in collecting statistical information by comprehensive survey, but in fact, sometimes information is incomplete due to false reporting, tampering and registration errors. In an incomplete investigation, information is often incomplete.
Statistical information classification
(a) according to the source of statistical information can be divided into original information and derived information.
The so-called original information does not refer to natural information, that is, information sent by natural organisms, because it is not statistical information, but information recorded in the original records of grass-roots units. Original information is comprehensive and true statistical information, which is the basis of statistical information. The original information is processed and the generated information is refined into derived information.
(2) According to the reflected content, it can be divided into micro information and macro information.
Micro-socio-economic information refers to the statistical information created by the statistical department, the basic unit of socio-economic activities. They respectively reflect the quantitative characteristics of various social activities, that is, various social and business activities of grass-roots organizations. For example, the statistical information about the production and operation activities of industrial and construction enterprises is collected and sorted by the statistical departments of these enterprises, which belongs to microscopic statistical information. They are not only an important basis for enterprise decision-making, but also the basis for generating macro-statistical information. Similarly, the statistical information of grass-roots units of various social and economic activities, such as villages, commercial units, transportation units, service units, savings offices and branches, is also microscopic information and an important source of national statistical information.
Macro-socio-economic statistical information is expressed as statistical information of various economic sectors or national economic industries, regional comprehensive statistical information and national comprehensive statistical information. It is characterized by a comprehensive whole. The national comprehensive statistical information is generated from the social production conditions and production process system as a whole through the new national economic accounting system, early warning and monitoring statistics, periodic dynamic statistics, explicit statistics and intention expectation statistics, and is an important basis for national economic planning management and macro-control.
(3) Statistical information is divided into conventional information, accidental information, information obtained through formal channels and information obtained through informal channels according to extraction methods.
Conventional information refers to information that reflects the normal situation of economic activities and is collected and processed in a constant form according to certain procedures. Accidental information refers to information that reflects special emergencies in economic activities and needs special emergency treatment instead of routine treatment. Information obtained through formal channels refers to information obtained through channels specified by the system. Information obtained through informal channels refers to information obtained through various channels other than formal channels.
(4) According to the users and providers of statistical information, statistical information can be divided into government statistical information, enterprise statistical information and social personal statistical information.
(5) According to the spatio-temporal statistical information reflecting economic activities, it is divided into information about the past and information about the future.
The role of statistical information
(A) the role of statistical information in enterprise management decisions
With the development of socialist market economy, the market scale is expanding and the market competition is becoming more and more fierce. Enterprise management decisions are increasingly dependent on statistical information, which plays a key role in the development and success of enterprises. From the perspective of internal production process, statistical information refers to an important means of imposing production and feeding back the production process, such as raw material inventory, statistical information of products in process, semi-finished products and finished products, which reflects the quantitative characteristics of continuous sections in the production process. The production plan is made in strict accordance with the production process, and its basis is also the statistical information in the production process; In actual production, even if the production plan is strictly formulated at the beginning, due to the complexity of the actual production process, there is often production disharmony between the working procedure and the workshop. Taking measures in time is the main content of production scheduling. The basis of production scheduling mainly comes from the timely feedback statistical information in the production process.
From the outside of the enterprise, many aspects of statistical information are also the key to the success or failure of the enterprise. For example, the market information of product sales includes the product sales information of this enterprise, the product sales information of similar enterprises and the statistical information of the spatial distribution of market share. From the further market information, the content of statistical information is more extensive, such as the information of users on enterprise product development; The main influencing factors of demand change, etc. Consumer goods market, means of production market, capital market, securities market, labor market, technology market, real estate market and information technology market are equal to statistical information related to enterprise production process, and also play a key role in enterprise management decision-making.
(b) The role of statistical information in displaying market signals
Opposing monopoly and protecting equal competition in the market are important aspects to improve social and economic efficiency. The fundamental way to protect fair competition in the market is to increase market transparency, that is, to establish a perfect market statistical information system. Under the comprehensive, accurate and timely market statistics such as market share statistics, commodity supply and demand statistics, market price statistics, commodity quality statistics and enterprise and product development statistics, enterprises can only participate in the competition of similar products on their own, so that the product cost of enterprises can be reduced and the product quality can be improved in the competition. Market statistical information is not only an important basis for enterprise decision-making, but also an important basis for macro-control. Therefore, it can also be said that statistical information plays the role of market signal display.
(c) The important role of statistical information in macroeconomic management
1. The role of statistical information in industry management and regional management decision-making.
Industry and regional management is an important part of national economic management, and industry statistical accounting and regional statistical accounting are important parts of the new national economic accounting system. From the management of national economy industries and regions, strengthening statistical information and regional management is manifested in the following aspects: first, strengthening statistical accounting of national economy industries and regions, and giving play to the decisive role of statistical information in the formulation of national economy industries and regions. Secondly, give play to the role of statistical express information in the regulation and management of industries and regions. Third, strengthen the investigation of the development intention of industries and regions, and give play to the important role of statistical information in monitoring the development decisions of industries and regions in the national economy. Fourth, strengthen the role of typical enterprise statistics in industry and regional development decision-making.
2. The role of statistical information in national economic management decision-making
Statistical information has become an important basis for national economic management decisions, and some statistical information has become an important reference for decision-making or consultation. The main manifestations are as follows: ① Statistical analysis of national economy has become an important basis for macroeconomic decision-making and regulation. ② Strengthen input-output statistics and give full play to the important role of statistical information in the comprehensive balance of the national economy. (3) Strengthen statistical expression and improve the consulting and decision-making role of statistical information in macro-control. Sri Lanka should strengthen statistical early warning and monitoring, and give full play to the important role of statistical information in judging the macroeconomic situation and making decisions on macroeconomic operation.