Tongji Canal originated from Banzhu Yellow River in Xingyang, Henan Province, and connected with Huaihe River in Xuyi, Jiangsu Province through chasm, stubborn ditch and Suishui ditch, with a total length of 650 kilometers and flowing through 3 provinces and 6 cities. This is a great project created by the working people in ancient China. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, the river above Kaifeng was renamed Bianshui, and the river below Kaifeng was renamed Caishui (Caihe).
According to Daye Miscellanies, Tongji Canal is 40 steps wide, with dragon boats, avenues on both sides and elm willows. From Du Dong to Jiangdu, there are more than 2,000 miles, and the trees and trees intersect. There is a palace for every two posts, which is a place to stop. From Shi Jing to Jiangdu, there are more than 40 independent palaces.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, with the southward movement of the political center, the water transport status of Tongji Canal gradually weakened, and the riverbed of the canal gradually silted up and stopped flowing.
On June 5438+1October 8, 2009, the urban riverbank was excavated in the Nanguan section of Shangqiu of Tongji Canal, which was the first archaeological discovery of the urban riverbank in China and the largest pier site of Tongji Canal. By cleaning up the ruins of the river bank, we can find that the buildings were dense and the trade was prosperous at that time, which was comparable to the scene depicted in the famous painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the Northern Song Dynasty, adding important archaeological materials to the historical study of the Grand Canal from Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty in China.
Basic introduction Chinese name: Tongjiqu alias: Bianhe Geographical location: Huanghuai Plain flows through Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Shangqiu, Huaibei, Suzhou and Huai 'an Birthplace: The main tributaries of Banzhu, Xingyang, Henan Province: Gorge, Yaodang Canal and Suishui River are 650 kilometers long, with changes, mainstream, excavation background, historical records, management and development, and application status. The gap was successfully dug in the Warring States period, which was a large-scale water conservancy project in the Central Plains at that time. In 364 BC, King Hui of Liang wanted to dominate the princes, and moved his capital from Anyi, Shanxi (now northwest of Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province) to Daliang (now west of Kaifeng City). After moving the capital, the canal was dug twice: in 360 BC, Wei dug a big ditch between the Yellow River and Putian (now zhongmou county West of Zhengzhou City) to introduce the Yellow River water into Putian, and then dug a canal from Putian for farmland irrigation; In 339 BC, Wei dug a big ditch from the north of Daliangcheng to irrigate farmland, which was the earliest gap. The trunk of the gap, centered on Dewey Girder, starts from the northern part of Xingyang County, flows eastward with Jishui, passes through Dewey Girder, turns southeast, passes through Chen Dou Bay Hill (now Huaiyang County), flows southward into Shui Ying, and Shui Ying flows downstream into Huaihe River. In addition, fresh water has become a branch of the gap, flowing eastward from Daliang to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province) and injecting into Surabaya; Suishui flows from the south of the girder to the east, passes through Shangqiu (now Suiyang District of Shangqiu City), passes through Su County of Anhui Province and north of Suining County of Jiangsu Province, and flows into Surabaya. To the south of the girder, the water also diverged from the gap and flowed to the southeast, passing through Fen (now south of Su County, Anhui Province) and flowing into Huaishui. In this way, a water transport network centered on the girder is formed between Hebei, Ru, Huai and Si. With its superior water conservancy and transportation conditions, Daliang initially showed its important position in history and became the capital of Wei. After the demise of Wei, the gap was constantly destroyed. During the Qin, Han and Southern and Northern Dynasties, rivers with names such as Shashui, Caishui, Bianshui, Guandu and Langdang Canal appeared here successively. Although these rivers are not a riverbed, they all flow from Kaifeng or south or east, and generally run southeast and flow into the Huaihe River. In 605 AD, the first phase of the Sui and Tang Grand Canal was dug, connecting the Yellow River and Huaihe River, and it was called "Tongji Canal", which ran through Luoyang to Yangzhou. As the traffic artery in the heyday of * * *, "it is the hub of the world, bordering the four seas and meeting the four directions to support the public and private." In 605 AD, Yang Guangli created public opinion and ordered Yuwen Kai, an outstanding engineering expert, to dig the Grand Canal, mainly Tongji Canal and Yongji Canal. "There are more than one million men and women in various counties in Henan, and Ji Liang has been opened, leading from Xiyuan Valley to Luoshui (Yellow River) and from Banzhu River to Huaihe River", with a total length of 1000 km. In the process of building Tongji Canal, the old channels and natural rivers were fully utilized. However, due to the huge size of the dragon boat, the canal must be dug deep, otherwise it will be impassable. For such a huge and arduous project, the time needed by Yang Guang is extremely short. Construction started in March and was completed in August, which created a miracle for human beings to dig canals. Of course, the creation of this miracle paid the price of blood. In the process of digging canals and building ships, "the deceased died in service." The official died in the car, "east to the elevation, north to Heyang, facing the road." After the opening of Tongji Canal, Yang Guang immediately boarded the dragon boat from Luoyang, and took his empresses, princes, officials and multiplier thousand boats to the south of Jiangdu. Therefore, the Sui Dynasty called Tongji Canal the Royal River. Yucheng County Records recorded the grand occasion of Yang Guang's "cruise" along Tongji Canal: "Empress, concubines, nobles, bureaucrats, monks and nuns, Taoist priests and so on. Tour Jiangdu by dragon boat and miscellaneous boat. " Yang Guang's dragon boat is actually a luxurious water palace. Its "Dragon Boat" is four-fold, 45 feet high and 200 feet long, with a main hall, an inner hall and an east-west hall. There are 200 rooms in Zhong Er, all decorated with golden jade, and the next room is served by an in-house attendant. "The queen's boat is similar in decoration to the dragon boat, but slightly smaller in size. Before and after the Dragon and Phoenix Boat, there are also nine floats of flowers, birds, insects and fish with triple heights as floating "floating scenery" for emperors, princes, crown princes and princesses to enjoy. These dragon and phoenix boats and the "drifting scenery" fleet form a group of water palaces. Behind them are thousands of ships of various accompanying officials, and behind them are supply ships carrying various sacrifices for emergencies. Tongji Canal, a "mobile palace" with hundreds of thousands of people, shuttles from state to county. The emperor's concubines are happy, the local officials are busy, and the people suffer. In the 12th year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 6 16), Yang Guang decided to visit Jiangdu three times. At that time, the whole country was already poor and there were many rumors. Some honest and frank ministers wrote letters to protest, and many people were killed as a result. When Yang Guang took a dragon boat to Liang Jun (now Shangqiu), officials and gentry led some people to block the road, wrote a letter to protest, and the result was also put to death. Just after the cruise, Yang Guang, who was disoriented and helpless, was strangled in Jiangdu Palace by Yu Wenhuaji, the "General Tunwei Right". In 608, Yang Di dug Yongji Canal along the northeast of Luoyang, connecting Qinhe River, Qishui River and Weihe River, sailing to Tianjin, and then going north along Yongding River to Zhuo Jun County. In AD 6 10, Yang Di continued to dig the Jiangnan Canal, making the section from Zhenjiang to Hangzhou navigable. So far, with Luoyang in Kyoto as the center, the five major water systems of Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River have been connected by Tongji Canal and Yongji Canal, and the China North-South Grand Canal with a total length of 2,700 kilometers runs through the whole line. The main stream of Tongji Canal runs from Banzhu, Xingyang, Henan Province to Xuyi, Jiangsu Province, and flows through 20 counties and districts in 3 provinces, 6 cities, with a total length of 650 kilometers. The order is: Xingyang, Zhengzhou, zhongmou county, Kaifeng, Qixian, Suixian, Ningling, Shangqiu, Yucheng, Xiayi and Yongcheng; Suixi, Suzhou, Lingbi and Sixian in Anhui Province; Sihong and Xuyi in Jiangsu. In terms of scale, length and geographical location, Tongji Canal plays an important role in the whole Grand Canal system. After the Tang Dynasty, Tongji Canal was renamed Bianhe River. Background of excavation of Zhengzhou section of Tongji Canal During the Warring States Period, the water transportation between the Yellow River and Huaihe River was communicated through the gorge. After the Western Han Dynasty, this traffic passage was gradually replaced by Bianqu (Bianshui). During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the side bend was further repaired and partially rebuilt. On this basis, in the first year of Daye (AD 605), Yang Di "sent more than one million people to two counties in northern Henan to open the economic canal." Note: Zi Jian Sui Keith 180. Tongji Canal is the most important section of the Sui Grand Canal. It is divided into two sections: the first section starts from Xiyuan, the palace of Emperor Yangdi in the west of Luoyang County, Henan Province, and leads the valley and water to the river, probably following the old road of Kaiyang Canal in the Eastern Han Dynasty, from Yanshi to Luokou in Gongxian County and entering the Yellow River; The other section starts from Banzhu, Henan Province (now thirty-five miles northeast of Sishui Town, Xingyang County, Henan Province), leads the Yellow River to join the Bianshui River through Xingyang and Kaifeng, then branches with the Bianshui River in the west of Qixian County, turns to the southeast, passes through Shangqiu, Yongcheng, Suxian County, Lingbi, Sixian County and Sihong County, and enters the Huaishui River in the north of Xuyi. Tongji canal tends to the southeast below Shangqiu today and directly flows into Huai River, which is different from the tributary canal in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Because the ancient canal flows through Surabaya from today's Xuzhou. Due to the danger of floods in Xuzhou and Lvliang at the Surabaya bend, Tongji Canal was diverted to a new road, leaving Surabaya below Xuzhou and going straight into the Huaihe River. In the same year, "more than 100,000 Huainan citizens opened gullies and entered the Yangtze River." (3)[ Note: "Zi Tongzhi Jane Sui Keith" Volume 180. ] At the same time, it also further dredged Shanyangdu. Tongji Canal and Yang Shan blaspheme are more than 2,000 miles long, and the canal is 40 steps wide. Building royal roads and planting willows on both sides can not only protect the embankment, but also provide shade for the boatmen. Historical Records of Tongji Canal, Gong Yu Semimonthly and Examination of Sui Canal point out: "According to Records of the Historian Qin Benji, in the twenty-second year of the first emperor (225 BC), Wang Ben attacked Wei and diverted the river to fill the girder. When Daliang City is broken, please surrender and take all the land. " "Henan annals. River defense test 2: "The river ditch is also a gap. Notes on Shuijing: The sewer is located in the north of Junyi County (Kaifeng City). Because the southeast of the canal is cut off to fill the girder, the water flows out from the south of the county without passing through its north, so it is called Lianggou, also known as gap. Chinese name is side canal, wandering canal. In April (AD 69), the twelfth year of Emperor Yongping of the East Han Dynasty, he ordered the repair of the side canal. Then five chaotic China, Jinshi south crossing. The canal gradually silted up. In the 13th year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 4 17), Emperor Wu of Song cut the Qin Dynasty before opening the border canal. Song Wudi: In the leap month, the public enters the river, and the expenses are returned. This is the later Sui Ji Qu. " Tongji Canal The Grand Canal dug in Yang Di started in the first year of Daye (AD 605) and was completed in less than six years. Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River are connected, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers. It takes Luoyang as the center, passes through the central basin in the west, reaches the North China Plain in the north, reaches Taihu Basin in the south, and reaches Huaihai in the east. It played an extremely important role in the material exchange and economic development between the north and the south after the Sui Dynasty. The Grand Canal is divided into four parts. The first section is the Guangtong Canal, which leads the Weihe River from Daxingcheng (Chang 'an) to Tongguan, with a total length of 100 kilometers. The second section is Tongji Canal dug in the first year of Daye, which draws valley water and Luoshui into the Yellow River from Xiyuan, Luoyang, and then from Banzhu (now northeast of Xingyang County) to the southeast of the Yellow River, passing through Chenggong, Zhongmou, Kaifeng, Chenliu, Qixian, Ningling, Shangqiu, Xiayi, Yongcheng, Suxian and Lingbi, and reaching the Huaihe River in Xuyi North. In the same year, Yang Di recruited more than 100,000 civilian workers in Huainan, and set up a Yang Shan team to lead the Yangtze River to connect Yang Shan (now Huai 'an County, Jiangsu Province) and Huaishui via the Yangtze River (now Yizheng County, Jiangsu Province). Tongji Canal, with the total length of Yang Shan Team 1000 kilometers, has become an important channel to communicate with the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River. The third section is the Jiangnan Canal, which was opened in the sixth year of Daye (AD 6 10) and flows from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) to Yuhang to join Qiantang River, with a total length of 400 kilometers. The fourth section is Yongji Canal, which was opened in the fourth year of Daye (AD 608) and leads to Zhuo Jun (now Beijing) in the northeast of Qinshui. It can be seen that Tongji Canal plays an important role in the whole Grand Canal system in terms of scale, length and geographical location. After the Tang Dynasty, Tongji Canal was called Bianhe River. Tongji Canal was blocked only in the Yuan Dynasty. Volume 5, Bianhe River in Kaifeng Prefecture, states: "In the first year of Sui Daye, Tongji Canal was opened, from Banzhu River to Bianze River, from the east of Daliang River, Bianshui led to Sihe River and reached Huaihe River. The canal is 40 steps wide, and all canals are built with imperial roads and willows, which are called sui dikes and side dikes. The capital of Song Dynasty is Bianliang, and Bianshui River runs through the capital. There are the upper gate and the lower gate, the millet of Huai, Zhejiang and the lake, reaching 6 million mangoku in the capital. It often overflows and goes to court. In the 27th year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1290), the Yellow River burst and silted up. The old government ruled the south, leaving traces of the capital of song dynasty, that is, its land. " Records of Guide House (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), Volume 14, River Defense: The Bianhe River is five miles south of the gate of the house, or the wandering canal, which is blocked from Yuan to Yuan. Jiajing was once sparse, but now it has returned to Pinglu. (There are two "Zhiyuan" in the title of the Yuan Dynasty, namely 1264- 1294 and1335-134/year. ) Tongji Canal "Suzhou Tongzhi" (Qing. Guangxu He Qingzhao, etc.) Volume III Geography: (Bianshui) After crossing the south, it gradually disappears. At the beginning of Thailand, the Yellow River crossed the Bianqu River and still merged with Surabaya in Xuzhou until the estuary was clear and entered the Huaihe River. However, the Biankou of Sizhou was abandoned, Bianshui was blocked and the bridge was abandoned. Suzhou local chronicles "In the first year of Tai Dynasty (AD 1324), the Yellow River went to its tributaries, Surabaya to Qingkou to Huaihe River were still in Xuzhou, the tributaries of Sizhou were abandoned, the swill was blocked, and Suzhou Yongqiao was also abandoned." "Suzhou City Records" "In the first year of Taiding Emperor Taiding (A.D. 1324), Bianshui merged in Xuzhou and Sishui until it was clear and entered the Huaihe River. The Sishui River, which used to flow through Suzhou City, was completely annihilated and the bridge was abandoned. " The opening of the Grand Canal has greatly promoted the trade and economic development of China. Li Jifu, a native of the Tang Dynasty, said in the Atlas of Yuanhe County: "Self-recommendation, benefit, friendship in southern Hunan, Guangzhou, Fujian and other medium-sized States, public water transport and private business trips have successively earned income. Although the Sui family has worked hard, future generations have actually gained income." After the opening of Tongji Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties, some docks and ancient cities along the canal developed rapidly and prospered due to the navigation of the canal, such as Hangzhou at the southern end of the canal, Jiangdu on the Yangtze River, Chuzhou (now Huai 'an) at the junction of Yunhuai, Bianzhou (now Kaifeng) at the junction of Yunhuang and Songzhou (now Shangqiu) halfway through the canal. Tongji Canal is the main artery connecting Yellow River civilization and Huaihe River civilization. At that time, the towns on both sides of Tongji Canal were prosperous and there were many shops. At that time, Songzhou rapidly developed into a famous metropolis in China. By the Northern Song Dynasty, Nanjing was built for its prosperity. The navigation of the Grand Canal promoted the prosperity of Shangqiu. After the Grand Canal was opened, Shangqiu became an important passage from the Central Plains and even the north to the south in the Tang and Song Dynasties, showing its position as a transportation hub. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, and the rebels had to pass through the south of Suiyang (Shangqiu). Zhang Xun, a famous Tang Dynasty soldier, led the 65,438+10,000-strong army led by Yin, and fought against the insurgents for 10 months, which greatly killed the will of the insurgents, delayed their southward advance, and saved the people in the south of the Yangtze River from the suffering of war. Tongji Canal is an important part of the south section of Shangqiu of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Except for a short section from Luoyang to the Yellow River, most Tongji canals are "diverting water from the Yellow River to the Huaihe River". Because the Yellow River carries a lot of sediment, it should be dredged frequently. During the Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, the imperial court set up special departments to clean up rivers. In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1079), a large-scale dredging work was carried out to solve the siltation problem of Tongji Canal. At the place where the Yellow River diverted, a 50-mile canal was opened to the west, and the Ilo water was introduced into the border river, which improved the water quality. According to records, Tongji Canal played an important shipping role in the Tang and Northern Song Dynasties. The annual water transport capacity increased from 200,000 stones in the early Tang Dynasty to 4 million stones, reaching 7 million stones at the highest time (about 6.5438+0.65438+62 million kilograms today). After the opening of Tongji Canal, Shangqiu city expanded rapidly and its population increased greatly. By the Tang Dynasty, Shangqiu had become one of the metropolises in China. Famous poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, such as Du Fu and Li Bai, visited Shangqiu in succession and praised Shangqiu's prosperous poems at that time. Du Fu wrote in the poem Farewell: "I used to travel in the Song Dynasty, but Liang Xiaowang was the capital. Chen Liuya became famous today, and the drama is the Northern Wei Dynasty drama. There are 90,000 households in the city, with high-rise thoroughfares. After half a day's voyage, the host and guests had a better time ... "Li Bai wrote in Song of the Liangyuan:" Dancing and singing are scattered in the green fields, and idle water flows east to the sea. " Liu said that from these masterpieces, we can vaguely see the scene of a bustling metropolis: roads extend in all directions, Bianshui (Grand Canal) leads directly to the sea, and ships and cars are in an endless stream. The streets in the city are wide and spectacular, with 90,000 residents. Whenever night falls, weddings, a pub and teahouse are brightly lit, accompanied by songs and dances, and guests enjoy drinking ... During the Southern Song Dynasty, as the political center moved south, the position of Tongji Canal in water transportation gradually weakened, and the riverbed of the canal gradually silted up and cut off. According to Lu Lanlu, 50 years after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, when Fan Chengda, a famous minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, arrived in the State of Jin, "the river was blocked" and most of the river sections had been cut off. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, when the imperial court rebuilt the Grand Canal, it directly straightened the river from Beijing to Suzhou and Hangzhou. Tongji Canal has become more and more lonely, and it has become a wasteland for some literati to write poems and express their grief. Historical significance After the Tongji Canal was dug, it became the main traffic artery of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River, and all ships from south to north took this waterway. Especially for the transportation of grain from south to north. Emperor Yangdi Yang Di built many large granaries around Luoyang, such as Luokou granary (also called Xinglong granary), Luo Hui granary, Heyang granary and Hanjia granary. These granaries have stored a large amount of grain, including Luokou granary and Luo Hui granary, amounting to more than 26 million mangokus, some of which were transported from Jianghuai area through Tongji Canal. Tongjiqu Ancient Tongjiqu is a grand project in the ancient history of China and an important historical and cultural heritage left by ancestors. It is of great significance and value to study the politics, economy, military affairs and culture of the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, as well as the history of water conservancy, shipping, shipbuilding technology and ceramic technology at that time. Zhengzhou section of Tongji Canal is located in Huiji District of Zhengzhou City, including Suowei section of Tongji Canal and Huiji Bridge section of Tongji Canal. The Suowei reach of Tongji Canal is the current river course, starting from Fengshuo Bridge in the west and reaching the junction of Xiangyun Temple Village and Jia Luhe in the east, with a length of about 16 km, showing an east-west trend. In some sections, the river surface is more than 40 meters wide, the bank base is more than 20 meters wide, the top is nearly 7 meters wide, and the riverbed is 200-300 meters wide. The river is navigable and is mainly a landscape river for urban flood discharge and drainage. Through archaeological investigation and local trial excavation, it is confirmed that the remains of riverbeds and riverbanks buried underground are basically intact. The proven river course starts from the levee on the south bank of the Yellow River on the east side of Dongsunzhuang Village in the north and ends at Fengshuo Bridge in Suoxu reach in the south, with a total length of about 4 kilometers. Except for a section of the river at Huiji Bridge, the rest are buried underground. Archaeological exploration shows that the ancient canal buried underground is 150 ~ 220 meters wide, with banks on both sides intermittently. After exploration, the top width of the river bank is 4 ~ 6 meters and the bottom width is 8 ~ 12 meters. Tongji Canal in Shangqiu Nanguan Section of Zhengzhou Section flows through Suixian, Ningling, liangyuan district, Suiyang, Yucheng, Xiayi and yongcheng city from west to east in Shangqiu City, with a total length of 199.7 km. Nanguan section of Tongji Canal The Nanguan section of the Grand Canal in Shangqiu is located about 2.5 kilometers south of Shangqiu Ancient City. It is an important river course and hydraulic relic along Tongji Canal. It shows the shape and technology of rammed earth revetment of Tongji Canal in Tang and Song Dynasties, as well as the huge river scale of Tongji Canal, reflecting the historical route and trend of the river course. The archaeological discovery of Nanguan site in Shangqiu is about 1km long, 120m wide and 16m deep, showing an east-west trend. It is the largest river course and revetment site found along Tongji Canal. The core contents of the Nanguan Wharf Site in Shangqiu Ancient City inspected by the Literature and History Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference include a river bank about 60 meters long and the remains of a jetty that extends into the river in a large area, and the jetty is 4.2 ~ 5.2 meters deep from the surface. Rutting and pedestrian footprints can be clearly seen on the remains. The cleaned river bank is about 5 meters high and made of rammed earth. This is to truly understand the service time, river course changes and dredging history of Tongji Canal from Sui and Tang Dynasties to Northern Song Dynasty, as well as the construction methods and reinforcement of river banks. The Nanguan site in Shangqiu is covered with silt with a thickness of 4 ~ 10 m, which is well preserved and rich in archaeological excavations. The excavated rammed river bank stratum contains a large number of relics such as bricks, tiles, pottery and porcelain, especially a large number of broken tiles. It can be seen that there were many houses and people living along the canal at that time, which fully showed the prosperity of Nanjing Wharf. Judging from the accumulation of cleaned banks, this canal has a long history. Judging from the comprehensive situation of various relics unearthed in the two excavations, the age of the river bank cleared at present belongs to the Tang and Song Dynasties, and it will not be later than the Jin Dynasty at the latest, which is consistent with the record of the history of Shangqiu South Canal in the literature. In order to truly understand the service time, river course changes and dredging history of Tongji Canal from Sui and Tang Dynasties to Northern Song Dynasty, the steep elevation of the bank protection surface and various relics were retained when the bank was used for the last time. Construction method, reinforcement method, heightening technology and material selection of revetment; For the first time, it provides a scientific basis for the architectural form, road distribution and functional zoning of revetment. Historians from all over the country gathered in Shangqiu to inspect the Xiayi section of Tongji Canal, which is an important river and hydraulic relic along the Tongji Canal, showing the huge scale, shape and technology of Tongji Canal in Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, and reflecting the historical route and direction of the river. In the "living" Tongji Canal Xiayi section, large-scale cultural remains of riverbanks and riverways were found, mainly including the south levee with a width of 25m at the top, the north levee with a width of 30m at the top, the riverway with a width of 100- 120m between the two levees, and the slope protection outside the levee accumulated in later periods. According to the typical glazed porcelain bowls found on the surface of the levee in the late Song Dynasty, it is inferred that the levee was built in the Tang and Song Dynasties (7 to 12 century). The layered dam remains in three periods reflect the continuous construction and maintenance of this canal during the Tang and Song Dynasties (from the 7th century to12nd century). The huge traces of slope protection levees and wooden stakes built in several periods prove the historical fact that the Grand Canal is often dredged and rough in use, and reflect the regular maintenance, protection, reinforcement and cleaning of the Grand Canal levees in use. It is archaeological evidence that the Tongjiqu section of the Grand Canal is a large-scale water conservancy project, and it also confirms the historical fact that the Grand Canal levee was reinforced with stumps in history books, reflecting the huge scale of Tongji canal river in Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, and it is a direct witness to the superb level of water conservancy projects in ancient China. In addition, a relic of an ancient road was found outside the south dike of Tongji Canal, which was about 16 meters wide, which confirmed the record in the history books that the Grand Canal was an official road outside the dike and provided archaeological data for the study of ancient traffic history in China. Traffic Situation The area is located in Huanghuai area, and the railway lines such as Longhai, Jingguang, Liu Jiao, Beijing-Kowloon and Jingguang are intertwined. There are parallel roads along the first line of the canal, with convenient transportation. For example, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in the west of Kaifeng is basically distributed along Ryan Avenue, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in the east of Shangqiu is basically distributed along Shang Yong Highway, and the Anhui section is basically distributed along Su Yong Highway. There are Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport, Xuzhou Guanyin Airport and Luoyang Airport. Tongji Canal has a broad tourism market, connecting the Yangtze River Delta region and the Central Plains urban agglomeration. The Yangtze River Delta is one of the most important tourist destinations in China. The central part of the canal is also close to Shandong Economic Zone, and the western part is connected with Guanzhong urban agglomeration. With the continuous improvement of people's comprehensive quality, the development of cultural connotation of scenic spots will become an important indicator to measure their vitality. This place is rich in cultural connotation and has great advantages. Luoyang, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Shangqiu are all state-level historical and cultural cities with profound historical and cultural connotations. There are famous cultural attractions such as Songshan Mountain, Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes and the hometown of the Yellow Emperor. The natural scenery such as the hanging river near Kaifeng, Shangqiu ancient city is the only ancient city in the world. * * * strongly support Henan to attach great importance to the development of tourism. Henan took the lead in putting forward the strategic concept of "establishing a province through tourism" and attached great importance to the development of tourism. Once the Grand Canal is successfully applied for the World Heritage, the city's popularity will be greatly improved, which will bring great economic benefits to coastal cities. All localities attach great importance to it and actively take protective measures. Under the unified leadership of the relevant departments of the state and the province, many municipal cultural relics bureaus have formulated the next work plan, formed normative documents and protected them according to administrative regulations. Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Kaifeng, which have big cities along the Grand Canal, are the core cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration with relatively strong economic strength. They are all famous tourist cities in China, with relatively mature tourism development and rich experience, which can provide suggestions for the development of Tongji Canal.