2. Sullivan, a famous American architect, put forward the famous saying that "form comes from function"
3. The German Pavilion of the Barcelona World Expo designed by Mies Van Derro adopted "free and flexible space combination" and created a new concept of flowing space.
4. The spatial layout of the exhibition hall of Guggenheim Art Museum designed by Wright in new york, USA is in series.
The cinema doesn't need daylight.
6. Point houses can be equipped with patio or plane concave-convex layout, which can increase the external wall, which is beneficial to lighting and ventilation when there are more households on each floor.
7. The structural form is specified in terms of size and capacity, physical environment and shape.
8. Function and streamline analysis is the most commonly used means in modern architectural design.
9. Vertical buildings need to consider the correction of perspective deformation.
10. Orange is a warm color, and purple contains blue components, so it is cold; Blue is colder than yellow, red is warmer than yellow, and blue is colder than green.
1 1. Cool colors of the same size give people a greater feeling than warm colors.
12. At the same distance, warm colors give people a closer feeling than cool colors.
13. In order to maintain the sense of stability in the indoor space, the lower part of the room should be colored with low brightness.
14. Cool colors give people an elegant and quiet atmosphere.
15. Hue, lightness and chroma are the three elements of color; These three colors are red, yellow and blue.
16. The concept of scale is the relationship between the visual impression of the whole or part of the building and its actual size.
17. The proportion of beauty must correctly reflect the mechanical properties of materials.
18. Different cultures form unique proportional forms.
19. The height-width ratio of western classical architecture, the higher, the narrower, the lower, the wider.
20. The element involved in "stability" is the handling of the relative weight relationship between the upper and lower levels.
2 1. The law of human observation
22. The golden ratio is 1: 1.6 18.
23. A ventilated roof can only isolate solar radiation but can't keep warm, which is suitable for the south.
24. The general layout should be tailored to local conditions, and the relationship between the building and the surrounding environment should be compact to save land; Properly handle the relationship between individuals and groups, space and people, greening and sketches; Reasonably solve the organization of lighting, ventilation, orientation, traffic and people flow.
25. The hot water system is comfortable and stable, suitable for residential buildings and nurseries. The steam system has high heating speed and is suitable for intermittent heating buildings such as halls and theaters.
26. The gradient has a sense of rhythm
27. In order to make a building look full of vitality and vividness, contrast methods should be adopted in composition, including axis contrast, volume contrast, direction contrast, virtual reality contrast and color contrast.
28. In order to make the column look thinner, dark colors and cool colors can be used.
29. Brazil's Congress Hall has adopted a more coordinated approach in body shape combination.
30. The exhibition building should be in the form of wear-and-ride space combination.
3 1. The composition of outdoor space mainly depends on the combination of buildings and buildings.
32. In the layout of St. Kyle Square in Venice, Italy, the contrast between various spaces is emphasized.
33. When the slope is slow, parallel contour lines should be adopted.
34. The effective area of the building = building area-structural area.
35. It is easier to solve the problem of lighting and ventilation by increasing the window area.
36. Ancient wooden structures in China can be roughly divided into three types: beam-lifting type, bucket-crossing type and well-dry type.
37. The basic categories of architectural composition principle are master and slave and emphasis, contrast and echo, balance and stability, rhythm and rhythm, proportion and scale.
38. The basic laws of architectural composition are diversity and unity.
39. In buildings with more than 8 floors, elevators become the main means of transportation.
40. The building modules are divided into basic modules, extended modules and sub-modules.
4 1. The maximum gradient of building stairs should not exceed 38.
42. The living room, bedroom and kitchen of a residence should be directly lit, with the window-floor ratio of 1/7 and others of112.
43. The minimum clear width of the stairs in the residential suite is 0.9M on both sides of the wall, the step width of the 0.75M residential indoor stairs facing the air should not be less than 0.22M, and the step height should not be less than 0.20m..
44. It is forbidden to store Class A and Class B substances with fire hazard on the ground floor of residential buildings, and no entertainment places that produce noise shall be set up.
45. The minimum clear height of rooms such as basements and storerooms shall not be less than 2.0m..
46. When the horizontal projection length of the indoor ramp exceeds 15m, a rest platform shall be set.
47. The area occupied by external wall internal insulation is not included in the usable area. Flues, air ducts and pipe wells are not included in the use area. The balcony area is not included in the usable area. The closet should be included in the usable area.
48. The plane included angle of the two steps of the spiral staircase is not more than 10 degree, and the width of each step at 0.25 from the center of the inner handrail is more than 0.22 meters.
49. The clear distance between the two exits should not be less than 5m.
50. The front door leaf of the stairs should be fully opened to keep the platform width of 0.6m The distance between the door of the side wall and the steps should not be less than 0.4m When the door leaf is fully opened, the width of the flight should not be reduced.
5 1. At the end of the ramp entering the underground garage, water retaining and slope prevention shall be set, and horizontal rain grates shall be set.
52. Indoor steps should be150 * 300; The width of outdoor steps should be about 350, and the height-width ratio should not be greater than 1: 2.5.
53. The step width of residential public stairs should not be less than 0.26M, and the step height should not be greater than 0.175 m.
54. The step width should not be less than1.1m (1.0M for those with railings on floors 6 and below), and the clearance height is 2.2M
55. The width of the rest platform should be greater than the width of the steps, and should not be less than1.2m. The clearance height is 2.0M
56. When the height of ladder handrail is 0.9M and the length of horizontal handrail is more than 0.5M, it should be1.05m.
57. Stair upright clearance should not be greater than 0. 1 1M, and protective measures should be taken when the stairwell clearance width is greater than 0.11m..
58. The door * * adopts the outer door with a width of 1.2M, a bedroom living room door of 0.9M, a kitchen door of 0.8M, a bathroom balcony door of 0.7M, and all doors are 2.0M high.
59. The height of residential buildings should not be higher than 2.8 meters.
60. The clear height from the bedroom is ≥2.4M, and its local clear height is ≥2. 1M (and should not be greater than 0/3 of the usable area of 65438).
6 1. If the top of the slope is used as a living room and a bedroom, the clear height of half the area should not be less than 2.1m.. If the top of the slope is used, the area with clear height less than 1.2M is excluded. 1.2-2. 1m, half of usable area; Total usable area exceeding 2.1m.
62. The furniture wall is 3M long, and the hall area without direct lighting should not be greater than 10M2.
63. Kitchen area Ⅰ and Ⅱ ≥ 4m2; ⅲ、5M2
64. The single-sided equipment with clear width in the kitchen should not be less than1.5m; ; The clear distance between double-sided equipment should not be less than 0.9M
65. For a big house, its usable area must meet 45 square meters.
66. Residential Xing Tao * * is divided into four categories, with floor areas of 34, 45, 56 and 68 square meters respectively.
67. Single bedroom ≥ 6m2; Double bedroom ≥10m2; Living room and bedroom ≥12m2;
68. The bathroom area is 3 m22-2.5m2; 1. 1 m2
69. The clear height of the kitchen and toilet is 2.2M
70. When the clear height of the stair windowsill of the residential building is less than 0.9 meters from the ground, protective measures should be taken regardless of whether the window is opened.
7 1. The clear height of balcony railing is1.05m; ; 1. 1M (but <1.2); The clear distance between steel bars is 0. 1 1.
72. The bathroom without external windows should be provided with an exhaust ventilation duct with backflow prevention structure, a reserved position of exhaust machinery, an air intake louver under the door or a certain gap between the door and the ground.
73. Each set should have a balcony or platform, with clothes drying facilities and rain cover on the top floor; Balcony and awning should have organized drainage; The balcony should be waterproof; The rain cover should be waterproof.
74. For residential buildings in cold, hot summer and cold winter areas and hot summer and warm winter areas, shading measures should be taken in the west.
75. Residential entrances and exits in cold areas should be fortified with unpopular or thermal insulation door in all directions.
76. In residential buildings, it is not appropriate to set up affiliated public buildings, including boiler rooms, power distribution rooms, inflammable and explosive chemicals stores, etc., but restaurants with kitchens can be set up.
77. The residential design should consider the protection against electric shock, theft and falling.
78. The space in the thermocline refers to a house with two or more floors.
79. When building on a slope, it is more economical to use the falling method when the building is perpendicular to the contour line.
80. There are primary indicators and secondary indicators in the evaluation index system of residential construction projects.
Elevator must be provided for 8 1. Residential buildings with 7 floors and above (16m).
82. When the height of the highest residential floor in the dormitory is more than 20 meters away from the entrance floor, an elevator should be set up.
83. Hospital wards, air-conditioned multi-storey hotels, and indoor evacuation staircases of public buildings with more than five floors should be equipped with closed staircases (including the first floor of enlarged closed staircases), and there should be closed staircases for dance halls and above-ground buildings with more than three floors. If the main staircase in the lobby of a public building is not included in the total evacuation width, there is no need to close the staircase.
84. Evacuation staircases in library stacks and non-book databases should be designed as closed staircases or smoke-proof staircases. When the stairwell is set in the archives storage area, the enclosed stairwell should be adopted, and its door should be no less than the Class B fire door.
85. The elevator should not be arranged next to the bedroom and living room.
86. Every building with floors 12 and above shall have at least 2 elevators.
87. Building stairs should generally not exceed 18 level and should not be lower than level 3.
88. The clear width of stairs shall be calculated as 0.55M+(0-0. 15M) per person flow, and shall not be less than 2 people flow.
89. Pipeline wells should not be laid in the same well because of their mutual influence on safety, fire prevention and hygiene.
90. Smoke exhaust and ventilation shall not use the same piping system.
9 1. Library general lighting room 0.75m level-150-200-300 LX advanced room 0.75m level -200-300-500 LX exhibition room 0.75m level-75-100-1.
92. Kindergarten standard activity room with lighting 150LX, sanitary isolation room 100, 75 dormitories, 30 bathrooms and 20 halls.
93. The uniformity of illumination in primary and secondary schools shall not be less than 0.7, and the vertical illumination of panel lamps shall not be less than 200LX.
94. The second step is not allowed to appear in the stair section.
95. Neither elevators nor escalators can be regarded as safety exits.
96. The ground at the bottom of the building should be at least 0. 15M higher than the outdoor ground.
97. The elevator should not be surrounded by stairs. There should be no more than 4 elevators arranged unilaterally and no more than 8 elevators arranged bilaterally.
98. One-sided residential elevator in the waiting hall ≥B Other elevators ≥ 1.5B When multiple elevators are arranged on both sides ≥ the sum of relative elevators b; Parallel < < 4.5M (passenger elevator)
99. Generally, the minimum slope of flat roof is 1: 50 watts, the slope of hopeless slab is 1: 2, and the slope of hopeful slab is 1: 2.5 asbestos tile 1: 3 corrugated metal tile slope 1: 4 profiled steel plate 1: 7.
/kloc-Roof stairways with no people above 0/00 shall be provided with roof manholes or external wall ladders. 10 meter.
10 1. The floor height of the sash opening leading to the public walkway should not be less than 2m. When the outer windowsill is less than 0.8m, protective measures should be taken. ..
102. Double-sided spring doors should be installed with transparent glass at the visible height.
103. Revolving doors, electric doors and large doors should be equipped with ordinary doors.
104. The suspended ceiling in the building should be provided with manhole and vent, and the water pipeline should have measures to prevent condensed water from passing through, and the pipeline should have long-term maintenance space.
105. Skylights should be made of light-transmitting materials or safety nets to prevent damage, and measures should be taken to prevent the generation or discharge of condensed water.
106. The opening form of windows should be convenient to use, safe to open and easy to clean, and casement windows should be suitable for multi-storey or high-rise buildings.
107. A continuous horizontal moistureproof layer is set at the brick wall-0.06 m. When there is a height difference between adjacent floors indoors, a moistureproof layer should be added to the side of the wall.
108. When the designed maximum groundwater level is 0.3-0.5m lower than the basement floor, and there is no possibility of water accumulation in the basement backfill, moisture-proof measures can be taken.
I believe that after the above introduction, everyone has a certain understanding of the summary of architectural design knowledge. Welcome to Zhong Da for more information.
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