1March, 925 12, Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing. In accordance with his last wish to be buried in Zhongshan, the coffin was hung in Biyun Temple in Xiangshan, Beijing, and it was decided to build his mausoleum in Zhongshan, Nanjing. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was designed and built by Lv Yanzhi, a famous architect and winner of the model room of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. The whole pastoral area is shaped like a big clock. The top of the mountain is a half-moon square at the foot of the mountain. The tripod at the southern end of the square (now renamed as the statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen) is the knob of the big clock, and the hammer is a hemispherical tomb. "Ding" was a symbol of power in ancient times, so the whole bell means "arousing people to build the Republic of China".
The mausoleum faces south and is built on the mountain. It gradually rises from south to north along the central axis, followed by square, stone square, tomb road, mausoleum gate, tablet pavilion, memorial hall and tomb. Zhongshan Road is the original Yingbin Avenue, the road that Dr. Sun Yat-sen walked when his coffin went south, and the first asphalt road in Nanjing. 1926 started and 1929 was completed. When people came to the square along this towering boulevard, the first thing they saw was the Sanmen stone archway at the southern end of the tomb, which was engraved with the word "fraternity" inscribed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Buildings such as memorial archways are mainly used for singing praises in function. "fraternity" ii
This sentence has deepened Dr. Sun Yat-sen's broad mind and lofty ideal. The statue of Sun Yat-sen at the southern end of the square in front of Shifang is heroic, and its swaying posture seems to be giving a speech on the fate of the country. Behind the stone square is a tomb 375 meters long and 40 meters wide. The former is the mausoleum door, with a layer of blue glazed tiles on the top, and Sun Yat-sen's calligraphy on the door.
For the public "four characters. Here, the blue glazed tile has a certain meaning. Blue symbolizes heaven, and blue glazed tiles symbolize the world, to show Dr. Sun Yat-sen's broad mind of serving the country and serving the people. In the Re-progress Hall, a stone tablet about 6 meters high is engraved with the gold-plated Chinese characters "Republic of China 1 June 81day, where the Kuomintang of China buried Premier Sun Yat-sen". Passing through the monument pavilion is the steep stone steps. The stone steps are divided into eight sections, with a total of 392 levels. It is extremely difficult to climb so many stone steps, but when you walk through these long and steep stone steps, you will surely realize the meaning of>'s instructions: "The revolution has not been successful, comrades still need to work hard".
The highest platform has two Chinese watches, followed by the memorial hall. Huabiao is a columnar marker, and the sign altar is here. There are three memorial archways in the memorial hall, which are divided into "nationality", "civil rights" and "people's livelihood". On the door of "people's livelihood", Sun Yat-sen inscribed the calligraphy of "heaven and earth are upright", expressing Sun Yat-sen's struggle ideal.
In the center of the memorial hall is a white marble statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, which was made by Paul Landers, a famous foreign sculptor. The revolutionary achievements of Dr. Sun Yat-sen are engraved around the base of the statue, and the black marble walls on the four walls of the memorial hall are engraved with Dr. Sun Yat-sen's handwriting < < and Hu et al. ; . Here, we can not only see Dr. Sun Yat-sen's immortal feats and arduous struggle to overthrow the feudal monarchy for more than 2,000 years, but also see Dr. Sun Yat-sen's ambitious founding thought to make China independent and prosperous.
There is a bronze doors behind the memorial hall, with the words "Forever Heroic Spirit" written on his forehead, also written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Inside the door is a bell-shaped tomb with a circular marble cave with a diameter of 4 meters and a depth of 5 meters. Sun Yat-sen's white marble coffin and the recumbent figure are placed in a round hole, and visitors can look down at the recumbent figure on the coffin around the white marble railing. This statue is very realistic, which was created by Czech sculptor Gaucci according to the image of the corpse. Although Dr. Sun Yat-sen passed away, his heroic spirit will live forever and will be admired by the world forever.
The architectural style of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is a combination of Chinese and Western. The majestic posture of Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum is connected with memorial archway, mausoleum gate, memorial pavilion, memorial hall and tomb through a large area of green space and broad sky-reaching steps. It is very solemn and majestic, with profound implications and grand momentum, and its design is very successful, so it is called "the first mausoleum in the modern architectural history of China".