How does the country plan and control railways now?

First, the basic situation of railway work during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, railway construction reached the best level in history. The whole industry is expected to complete infrastructure investment of 246 billion yuan, double the "Eighth Five-Year Plan". The whole industry completed 5700 kilometers of new auxiliary tracks, including 680 kilometers of new auxiliary tracks for local railways. By the end of 2000, the national railway operating mileage will reach 68,000 kilometers, 6,000 kilometers more than that at the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, which is the most new operating mileage in five years since the reform and opening up. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, new breakthroughs were made in railway transportation management. A total of 4.789 billion passengers were sent in five years; Passenger turnover was 65.438+09078 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 654.38+04.7% over the Eighth Five-Year Plan. The volume of goods delivered was 799,654.38+billion tons, and the turnover volume of goods completed was 640,965.438+billion tons kilometers, up by 3.3% and 7.4% respectively compared with the Eighth Five-Year Plan. In the past five years, the total revenue of national railway transportation was 4.610.50 billion yuan, an increase of192.2 billion yuan, an increase of 710.4%, and an average annual increase of10.6%. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, railway transportation realized "stopping falling and stabilizing" and its operation realized "turning losses into profits". In the past five years, the passenger turnover has increased year by year, and the passenger delivery has stopped falling and rebounded at 1998, and the cargo delivery, cargo turnover and conversion turnover have all stopped falling and rebounded at 1999. The proportion of railway passenger transport in modern transportation (excluding ocean transportation) has increased 1999. The whole industry turned losses into profits one year ahead of schedule at 1999, and took off the hat of losing money for five consecutive years in one fell swoop. In order to expand the transportation market share, the existing railways have implemented the speed-up strategy and achieved important results. In order to meet the market demand, China Railway speeded up the existing railway three times in April 2000 1997, 10/998 and 10/0. Guangzhou (Guangzhou) Shenzhen (Shenzhen) line passenger trains have a maximum speed of 200 kilometers per hour; The maximum speed of passenger trains on Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Harbin and Beijing-Shanghai trunk lines reaches 160 km. Initially, the "four vertical" (Beijing-Harbin, Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou and Beijing-Kowloon lines) and "two horizontal" (Longhai, Lan Xin and Zhejiang-Jiangxi lines) speed-up networks have been established, with nearly 10,000 kilometers of speed-up lines. At the same time, a number of new products such as "early arrival", "early arrival", "luggage train" and "five orders" have been introduced to meet the market demand, which has optimized the allocation of resources, improved the service quality and improved the market competitiveness of transportation enterprises. Railway reform is progressing steadily. China Railway implements the management of national railways, local railways and joint-venture railways, with the national railways as the mainstay. The Ministry of Railways is the government department in charge of national railways. At present, enterprises engaged in national railway transportation include Harbin, Shenyang, Beijing, Hohhot, Zhengzhou, Jinan, Shanghai, Nanchang, Liuzhou, Chengdu, Kunming, Lanzhou, Urumqi Railway Bureau and Guangzhou Railway (Group) Company. According to the requirements of separating government from enterprise and streamlining the main business, the five major corporations, such as Railway Construction and Locomotive & Rolling Stock, were decoupled from the Ministry of Railways, and went to the market to operate independently, breaking the closed system of "centralization" of China railway under the planned economy system; Transport enterprises implement the responsibility system of asset management, and regard the railway bureau as the main body of the market, which arouses the enthusiasm of enterprises to face the market and develop their operations; At the same time, efforts have been made to reduce staff and improve efficiency. In the last three years, 700,000 people were structurally diverted, and the number of railway transport enterprises decreased by 300,000. There are more than 2.4 million employees in railway enterprises nationwide, of which about 6.5438+0.5 million are engaged in railway transportation. New breakthroughs have been made in railway scientific and technological work. Remarkable achievements have been made in tackling key scientific research problems and transforming scientific and technological achievements. Train speed-up technology has achieved a historic breakthrough. The mass production of new locomotives and buses, the popularization of large-scale maintenance machinery and the application of differential multi-information automatic blocking equipment have laid the foundation for the continuous speed increase of the whole railway. The ticketing and pre-sale system has been basically completed, and computer network ticketing has been realized in more than 700 stations and more than 7,000 windows. Transportation safety equipment has been generally improved, and train operation monitoring and recording devices, microcomputer interlocking and electrification centralized microcomputer monitoring devices, infrared axle temperature detection devices and crossing safety alarm devices have been widely used, providing a strong guarantee for transportation safety. A new situation has emerged in the opening up of railways. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the contract value of import and export trade of the whole railway reached US$ 2 billion, of which US$ 65,438+0./kloc-0./400 million was exported. The contract value of foreign economic business such as foreign contracted projects, labor service cooperation and design consultation reached 3 billion US dollars, and the turnover was 65.438+78 billion US dollars. Actively introduce foreign capital, introduce foreign advanced technology and management experience, and establish a 2 18 Sino-foreign joint venture. Foreign passenger and cargo transportation has further developed. The import and export volume of ports has reached 50 million tons, and the transit container volume has reached 165438+3000 TEU, increasing by 30% and 5.6 times respectively compared with the Eighth Five-Year Plan. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China Railway will further adapt to the requirements of national economic and social development, seize the historical opportunity of implementing structural adjustment and western development, and rely on deepening reform and scientific and technological progress to promote railway development. In terms of construction, we will continue to expand the scale of the road network, speed up the construction of the western railway, and strengthen the "eight verticals and eight horizontals" (referred to as "eight verticals"): the Jingha Passage, the Eastern Coastal Passage, the Beijing-Shanghai Passage, the Beijing-Kowloon Passage, the Beijing-Guangzhou Passage, the Grand Station Passage, the Liu Bao Passage and the Lanzhou-Kunming Passage; "Baheng": the main road network framework of Jinglan Passage, North Coal Transportation Passage, South Coal Transportation Passage, Land Bridge Passage, Ningxi Passage, Riverside Passage, Shanghai-Kunming Passage, Southwest Sea Passage), speeding up the railway construction in the western region, optimizing the road network structure and improving the transportation capacity and quality. In terms of reform, it is necessary to further promote the separation of government and enterprises, social enterprises, and enterprises to reduce staff and increase efficiency. According to the idea of reorganizing transportation enterprises, introducing competition mechanism and building market players, starting with the establishment of passenger transport companies that operate independently and participate in market competition, the railway management system and management mechanism adapted to the socialist market economy will be gradually formed, so that the relationship between the government, enterprises and the market will really turn to the track required by the socialist market economic system. In transportation, it is necessary to further adjust the transportation structure, improve the transportation organization, and constantly develop new transportation products, so as to make the railway an efficient, fast, safe, comfortable, convenient and economical mode of transportation. In science and technology, we should strengthen technological innovation, speed up technological upgrading, and focus on technological innovation in key areas such as information construction, speed-up of existing lines, and high-speed railways. Speed up the railway modernization and strive to create a new image of China railway industry in the 2 1 century.