1988 The former Ministry of Construction issued "Several Opinions on Carrying out the Pilot Work of Construction Supervision" and began to try out the project supervision system. The Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects, which came into effect on June 30, 2000, stipulated the scope of construction projects that must be supervised in the form of laws and regulations, and established a project quality management system of "government supervision, social supervision and enterprise responsibility". From trial implementation to compulsory implementation, it is a historical choice to solve the problem of focusing on completion quality and neglecting supervision in construction work; Nowadays, the reform from enforcement to water testing is an innovative choice to solve the problem that supervision is difficult to play the role of an independent third party and promote the diversification of engineering quality management mode.
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Cancellation of compulsory supervision will not weaken project quality management.
The cancellation of compulsory supervision does not mean the cancellation of supervision. Judging from the institutional arrangements in the pilot areas, Xiamen and Guangzhou have made it clear that the construction unit can make independent decisions and choose external supervision units; Cancellation of compulsory supervision does not mean weakening project quality management. Six places put forward alternatives such as self-management by the construction unit, team management by architects, purchasing whole-process engineering consulting services, and purchasing insurance for potential defects in engineering quality. Guangzhou also stressed that the statutory supervision responsibility shall be borne by the construction unit. It is not difficult to find that the cancellation of compulsory supervision actually changes supervision from administrative requirements to market-oriented choices: by creating an open market competition environment, supervision enterprises are forced to survive with the service level of supervision and management of construction engineering specialty and develop with quality supervision ability, thus promoting the deep-seated reform of supervision industry; In the long run, we can strengthen the role of social supervision units such as engineering construction supervision enterprises and engineering construction consulting companies, and push the engineering quality management system into the optimization track.
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Cancel compulsory supervision and deepen the innovation of engineering supervision system.
In addition to promoting supervision to the market, in September 20 19, the State Council forwarded the Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Improving the Quality Assurance System and Improving the Quality of Construction Projects, which not only emphasized the need to "innovate the project supervision system", but also proposed "exploring the supervision mode of project supervision enterprises" for the first time around "fulfilling the responsibility of government project quality supervision".
As far as the former is concerned, the whole-process engineering consultation and architect responsibility system that Beijing, Shanghai and Xiamen began to pilot after narrowing the scope of compulsory supervision, and the "gradually implementing the engineering quality insurance system to replace the engineering supervision system" initiated by xiong'an new area, are all committed to improving the engineering quality management system with innovative systems as supporting measures, and also guide the direction for the innovation of engineering supervision system: on the one hand, they can return to the initial heart of the system and transform into the whole-process engineering consultation led by architects; On the other hand, we can focus on the existing advantages and change to the role of professional engineering quality inspection and control. For the latter, Guangzhou tried out the entrusted supervision of government purchasing services after narrowing the scope of compulsory supervision, and Anhui, Jilin and other provinces carried out the supervision and inspection of project quality by government purchasing services and third-party testing before, which were all innovative measures for the government to purchase services from social forces and strengthen the quality supervision of construction projects, and also provided a path for supervision enterprises to participate in government quality supervision.
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Strengthening engineering quality management by innovative means
Macro-strategies for quality management of construction projects include administrative means, economic means and technical means. In addition to innovating the project supervision system, China has carried out a series of innovations in recent years.
Using administrative means to balance the rights, responsibilities and interests of participants is the main way for the government to fulfill its responsibility of project quality supervision. Among them, the more eye-catching guiding policies include: promoting standardized management of engineering quality and moving forward the quality management barrier; Pilot the publicity system of residential project quality information to realize the openness and transparency of quality supervision; By establishing the relationship between the evaluation results of the pilot project quality evaluation system and the quality credit system, assessment system and market supervision system, the quality awareness of all parties in the construction can be improved. In addition to strengthening, accountability is also an important manifestation of government functions: through the lifelong accountability system for project leaders of five major responsibility subjects of construction projects, the project quality responsibility can be traced back, and through the blacklist system for quality and safety of construction project responsibility subjects, all parties in construction projects are forced to perform quality management duties according to law. It is an inevitable requirement for the development of market economy to implement the main quality responsibility of all parties in the construction by economic means. On the one hand, in recent years, China has made great efforts to establish a project quality insurance system in line with the national conditions: using the floating rate mechanism of project quality potential defect insurance to encourage insured enterprises to improve their quality responsibility and improve the project quality risk management level with the help of third-party forces; The application of professional liability insurance, the implementation of engineering consulting (investment), survey and design, supervision, cost and other professional qualifications of the quality responsibility. On the other hand, the government also pays attention to strengthening the linkage between the market and the construction site, and plays the role of the market mechanism of "survival of the fittest" by constructing the restriction mechanism between the "construction market" and the "construction site".
Improving the efficiency of engineering quality supervision by technical means is the latest requirement for engineering quality management in the information age. On the one hand, the application of BIM (Building Information Model), prefabricated buildings and other building technologies, and the introduction of engineering technical service institutions to deepen quality control have become the policy focus in recent years; On the other hand, the full implementation of the "Internet plus supervision" model has also been a policy hotspot since 20 19. For example, the "Dynamic System for Daily Supervision of Quality and Safety" developed and put into use by the Housing and Construction Department of Fujian Province has realized the process monitoring of engineering construction by using the "internet plus" technology; The insurance information platform for potential defects in engineering quality established in Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu and Hainan will also help the housing and urban construction supervision departments and insurance supervision departments to strengthen quality risk management.
While gradually canceling the compulsory supervision, China has also innovated the project quality management system on the basis of innovating the project supervision system. Therefore, the cancellation of compulsory supervision will not only lead to the out-of-control of the current project quality management, but also promote the diversified reform of the project quality management system with the gradual implementation of innovative measures. For the supervision industry, it is the constant direction to survive by the level of supervision service and develop by the quality management ability.