Project implementation strategy is the nerve center of enterprise information system to implement projects. Especially for a group enterprise, the lack of strategy implementation will cause a panic situation, and it is impossible to guarantee the integration of the system and the realization of the system construction goal. Enterprise implementation strategy mainly includes the following aspects:
1) Analyze the overall system requirements of the whole project;
2) Determine the reasonable system implementation objectives and scope for the whole project;
3) Formulate a scientific implementation plan outline for the overall project;
4) Establish a reasonable implementation organization team for the whole project;
5) Determine reasonable project stage objectives for the whole project;
6) Make resource budget and risk assessment for the whole project;
7) Establish document control and management responsibilities for the whole project.
2. Business requirement analysis
Business requirement analysis refers to discussing the specific requirements of the system with the customer after fully understanding the customer's situation, including the customer's production/financial management process, and mainly aiming at the shortcomings of the current system and the information needed at present, formulating a set of user's requirements for the system. Many users do not fully understand their own needs, at least not very clearly. At this time, as a user, the consultant should also take the initiative to understand the customer's situation, and provide valuable tips to users in combination with their familiarity with various system functions, so as to help customers clarify their own needs and choose software on this basis. Demand analysis is completely based on the customer's demand and actual situation, so it provides a basic guarantee for customers to choose the system reasonably. Demand analysis is carried out from top to bottom, from large to small, from coarse to fine, and can be divided into three steps:
(1) Determine the industry nature and industry background of the customer.
The significance of customer orientation lies in different industries, and their management characteristics are also quite different. Finding the customer type means working out some standard requirements (industry requirements), which is what we call initial positioning.
(2) Detailed analysis of customer characteristics and business processes.
In this process, analysis can be made according to each process, current business volume and currently used information system management, such as production process, financial process, sales process, procurement process and inventory management process, personnel/salary management process and so on. Besides defining the specific requirements of the whole process, we will also discuss some customers' requirements in other specific areas, such as remote access and connection with electronic sales systems.
(3) Analysis of the matching degree between software functions and customer requirements.
After investigating the existing business of the enterprise, the software company or consulting organization conducts product function training for the enterprise, seeking the matching degree between product functions and business requirements, so as to determine the requirements of function development and data conversion, as well as the hardware/software requirements structure at all levels.
3. Business process optimization
In order to help enterprises improve the market competitiveness of organizations, after analyzing the business requirements, with the help of management consulting companies or software companies, the process can be improved and optimized. Specific practices are as follows:
(1) Adjust the process itself.
1) integration: merge the complex processes formed under the guidance of the division of labor theory to simplify the complex processes.
2) Decentralization: devolve a professional function to related majors and cancel the original professional activities.
3) Delete: simplify matters that do not create value or the input-output ratio is too small.
4) Adjustment: Using concurrent engineering to change the serial event relationship into parallel events.
Through the above four specific measures, improve the operation efficiency of the process. Because the process analysis and adjustment itself is a very basic work, it is not only the starting point of organizational innovation, but also conducive to improving the basic management of enterprises.
(2) Expanding business processes
In traditional organizations, processes are artificially separated. In particular, it ignores the contact with external stakeholders (such as suppliers, sellers and customers). In fact, they are also an integral part of the value chain. After the process is adjusted or optimized, the state of organizational fragmentation is broken. If we bring suppliers, merchants and customers into the core process of the enterprise after implementing process adjustment and optimization, and the business process of the enterprise extends to suppliers, sellers and customers, the enterprise can obtain useful information from suppliers, distributors and customers, such as market demand and
Material supply and so on.
(3) Informatization of business processes
Information system provides a powerful means for the improvement and promotion of business processes. There is an interactive relationship between information technology and business processes, and the organic combination of the two will inevitably produce the best results.
(4) the process of improving the organizational structure.
This refers to the process reengineering between two enterprises, usually with suppliers and cooperative manufacturers. Through process reengineering between organizations, enterprises and suppliers or partners will operate like a company, simplify the workflow, realize good information interaction with suppliers and ensure timely delivery rate.
(5) Adjust the functions of departments and posts.
In traditional organizations, functional departments play a more guiding and supervising role. With the help of IT system to improve the process, the position and role of each department in value creation are clarified, and the guiding ideology of "customer" is established. The function of each department will mainly be to provide services.
(6) Innovative performance appraisal and incentive mechanism.
After the process adjustment, the departments, posts and their functions and responsibilities in the organization have changed, and the corresponding performance appraisal and incentive methods also need innovation. This performance appraisal and incentive mechanism should be able to mobilize the enthusiasm of all departments, posts and individuals, which should not only help to improve the efficiency and benefit of a single business process, but also help to ensure the smooth operation of the overall process. The focus of performance appraisal should be the KPI of the process rather than the KPI of the organization, so as to promote the continuous improvement of the process and enable enterprises to obtain or create more value.
4. Targeted customer training
Information engineering construction is a "reengineering" process of enterprise management concept, management mode, management means and management methods, specifically, it is a "reengineering" process of members in the organization from concept to behavior. To make this "self-transformation" successful, the education and training of personnel is the cornerstone of success. If the enterprise organization is scattered and the level of personnel is uneven, it will bring difficulties to the organization and implementation of training. Therefore, it is necessary to study practical training programs and establish special training systems and plans to ensure the quality of training.
In addition to the traditional training methods, it will be a very effective means to design special training courses, make multimedia self-study CDs and training materials for different customer groups and training objects, so that the relevant personnel of enterprises can get the whole process and continuous training anytime and anywhere.
In the process of system implementation, with the help of experienced suppliers, the company will set up its own "quasi-"professional implementation consultant team and cultivate a group of "top-down" application backbones to ensure the functional expansion of the company's follow-up business and the operation and maintenance of the system.
5. Data preparation and testing
During the implementation of ERy, the preparation of basic data in the early stage is the key to ensure the correct operation of the system. Experienced service providers or consultants will guide enterprises to do the basic work necessary for data accuracy, such as:
1) data (information) coding scheme;
2) Technical scheme of data standardization;
3) Data (information) inspection and corrective measures;
4) Data maintenance and management procedures, etc.
In the preparation stage of the formal operation of the system, the system is simulated and tested to verify the degree of solution to the target problem; Simulate the OA system, import the real operation data of the enterprise into the system, and check the real response and applicability of the system; Carry out education and training to ensure that all users in the enterprise can use this system correctly; Establish an effective preventive maintenance system to ensure that the information system is in good condition; The working group formulates implementation strategies, designs preliminary inspection procedures and system switching plans; Set up a system implementation service team to solve various specific problems in the process of information system implementation at any time.
6. Online and technical support
At this stage of the project, generally speaking, the project team will usher in the harvest season. The main work includes: the correct handover of the system, data switching, ensuring the normal operation of the system, providing support for users, ensuring the correctness of business processes, daily maintenance of the system and project review. A management information system project will end with the normal online of the system and the withdrawal of a large number of consultants, but for an enterprise, the successful online of the management information system does not mean the end of the work, but rather opens a new chapter in enterprise management. Through a project, what the enterprise has gained, what the project team members have gained, and how to better play the role of the information system in the future work need a good summary. Only by reviewing the past can we know new things, and a pragmatic summary will be the wealth of enterprises.
7. Gradually optimize and improve
The construction of enterprise IT system is a step-by-step process. Compared with the traditional implementation strategy (including business process reengineering) which takes a long time and costs a lot of money, we should advocate enterprises to improve the implementation efficiency, success rate and speed up the implementation according to their actual business needs and status quo, taking simplicity as the principle from the beginning, and on the premise of ensuring the implementation quality, thus greatly reducing the cost of enterprises. Through the operation of the system in enterprises, enterprises can get benefits as soon as possible. On the one hand, IT strengthens the enterprise's confidence in IT construction and management information system, on the other hand, with the further understanding and mastery of the system, it can continuously use the existing system, take the enterprise's own personnel as the center, and combine the support of external resources to improve enterprise management and optimize organizational structure, so as to realize the sustainable development of the enterprise. This is the purpose of gradual optimization.