1. Enterprises owned by the whole people;
Second, collectively owned enterprises;
3. Foreign-invested enterprises;
Fourth, private enterprises:
Private enterprise: refers to a profit-making economic organization with assets owned by private individuals and more than 8 employees, including:
(1) sole proprietorship enterprise
(2) Partnership enterprises
(3) Limited liability company
(4) Limited by shares
A sole proprietorship enterprise refers to an enterprise invested and operated by one person, and the investors of the sole proprietorship enterprise bear unlimited liability for the debts of the enterprise.
A partnership refers to an enterprise established in China according to law, and each partner shall conclude a written responsibility. A partnership enterprise refers to a profit-making organization established in China according to law. All partners enter into a written agreement, * * * jointly contribute capital, operate in partnership, * * * enjoy benefits, * * * bear risks, and bear unlimited joint and several liabilities for the debts of the partnership enterprise.
Question 2: What do you mean by enterprise type? For reference only.
Enterprise types mainly refer to the types of companies, and companies are classified according to the scope of responsibility of shareholders. China's "Company Law" defines companies as limited liability companies and joint stock companies, and limited liability companies include wholly state-owned companies. In addition, China's laws also stipulate partnership enterprises and non-corporate sole proprietorship enterprises. Enterprise types include: individual, sole proprietorship, partnership (general and special general partnership, limited partnership), company (limited "sole proprietorship", shares) and farmers' professional cooperatives.
According to the basic classification of the national standard "Classification and Code of National Economic Industries" (GB/T 4754-94) and referring to the economic management practices of relevant state departments, the statistics of state-owned capital are now divided into seven categories.
(1) According to the industrial structure, it is divided into primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry.
(2) According to industrial functions, it is divided into basic industries, general production and processing industries, business services and other industries.
(3) According to industry characteristics: it is divided into monopoly industries, competitive industries, public welfare industries and other industries.
(4) According to industry management departments, it is divided into agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery, forestry, industry, construction, geological exploration and water conservancy, transportation, post and telecommunications, trade and catering, finance and insurance, real estate and social services. Among them, industrial industries include: coal industry, petroleum industry, metallurgy industry, building materials industry, chemical industry, forestry industry, food industry, tobacco industry, textile industry, petrochemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, machinery industry, military industry, electronics industry, electric power industry, municipal public utilities industry and other industries; Trade and catering industry includes: domestic trade, foreign trade, grain and oil, and catering.
(5) Classification by specific industries: According to the national standard "Classification and Code of National Economic Industries" (GB/T 4754-94) issued by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision, the classification is divided into major categories, medium categories and small categories.
(6) According to economic regions, it is divided into eastern coastal areas, central inland areas and western remote areas.
(7) According to administrative regions: it is divided into North China, Northeast China, East China, Central South, Southwest China and Northwest China.
Question 3: Please briefly describe the definition and classification of enterprises in economics. An enterprise is a profit-making organization engaged in economic activities such as production, circulation and service. Enterprises create material wealth through various production and business activities and provide products and services that meet the material and cultural needs of the public, which plays a very important role in the market economy.
Enterprise, "enterprise" means trying, and "industry" means career. As the name implies, an enterprise is an attempt at a career, but it is committed to the commercial field, indicating an attempt to take risks in a profitable career. As an organization, an enterprise refers to an economic organization entity that uses capital to earn profits. Enterprises in English. The concept of enterprise reflects two meanings. One is management, that is, economic accounting is carried out according to input and output, and surplus of funds and property beyond input is obtained. The purpose of enterprise management is generally to pursue profits; Second, it shows that the enterprise is an entity with certain business nature. It can be seen that enterprises basically belong to an economic concept, not a legal concept.
Enterprise type:
1. According to the form of property organization, enterprises can be divided into individual enterprises, partnership enterprises, cooperative enterprises and corporate enterprises.
(1) sole proprietorship enterprise
A sole proprietorship enterprise refers to an enterprise funded by an individual and wholly owned and controlled by an individual.
The advantages of a sole proprietorship enterprise are that it is easy to set up, transfer and close down, investors have absolute decision-making power and flexible management.
The disadvantages of a sole proprietorship enterprise are: unlimited liability and high risk; Limited by capital and personal management ability, the scale is limited.
(2) Partnership enterprises
A partnership refers to an enterprise in which two or more partners * * * jointly contribute capital, * * * jointly operate, * * * enjoy the benefits and * * * bear the risks.
Advantages of partnership: because many partners can raise funds together, it can expand the capital scale; Also, due to the unlimited liability of partners, the risk of lenders is reduced; It is easier to grow and grow.
Disadvantages of partnership: partnership is an unlimited liability enterprise, and partners are jointly and severally liable for the operation, which is risky; All partners can represent the company, with decentralized power and multi-head leadership, which is prone to differences and slow decision-making.
(3) Company
A company is an enterprise invested and established by two or more natural persons or legal persons, with independent legal person qualification and legal person property.
Its advantages are: easy to raise funds; The company has an independent life and is not affected by the investor's life; Easy to expand the scale. Its disadvantages are: complicated procedures, high transparency and easy to be controlled by insiders.
2. According to the way of enterprise association, it can be divided into single enterprise, multiple enterprises, economic consortium, enterprise group and chain enterprise.
3. According to the form of ownership, it can be divided into: enterprises owned by the whole people, collective enterprises, private enterprises, mixed ownership enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises (including Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperation and wholly foreign-owned enterprises).
According to the nature of the industry, enterprises can be divided into industrial production enterprises, commodity management enterprises and service enterprises.
5. According to the production and operation fields of enterprises, they can be divided into industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises, production enterprises, circulation enterprises, service enterprises and financial enterprises.
6. According to the enterprise scale, it can be divided into large enterprises, medium-sized enterprises and small enterprises.
Question 4: What are the types of enterprise certification? There are still many types of enterprise certification. Iso9000 quality system certification, iso 14000 environmental system certification, six sigma and so on. These are all aspects of quality and environment in western Zhejiang, and special industries need special certification.
Question 5: What does the enterprise registration type mean? Refers to the nature of the enterprise. Specifically, it includes domestic enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises.
Domestic enterprises include limited liability companies, joint stock limited companies,
Non-corporate enterprise legal person, sole proprietorship enterprise and partnership enterprise.
Foreign-funded enterprises include Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises, Chinese-foreign joint ventures and foreign-funded enterprises.
Wholly foreign-owned enterprises.
Question 6: What does market classification mean to enterprises? Answer 2.
Marketing in the true sense is marketing. This position is divided into two types, one is called field marketing and the other is called factory marketing. Their roles and orientations are different, and their qualities and abilities are also different. Front-end marketing is a sales company with sales and service as its core, which is responsible for market development and promotion to stimulate customer demand. They just sell products, no matter how they are made. Of course, a good front-end marketer will feed back the customer's needs to the back-end marketer in time to help the back-end marketer understand the dynamics of each target market and the customer's needs. Back-end marketing, in the branch with R&D and manufacturing as the core, is responsible for defining products and pre-sales investigation of R&D, that is, understanding the market, competition and target customers, and completing the definition of new products according to the market, users and competition-a complete document describing specific products. Without this product definition, any product concept will not enter the research and development stage. ""In other words, front-end marketing helps' combat troops' and back-end marketing helps' arsenal', so front-end and back-end can form a complete marketing concept together. "
After understanding the concepts of front-end marketing and back-end marketing, it is easy to explain what qualities and abilities two different marketing officials need. Let's look at the special requirements for front-end marketing directors. As a front-end marketing director, his job goal is to assist the sales team to complete the sales task, so this role must have a strong sense of service and be a supporting role. Another character is to develop new markets and act as the advance station of the sales department, so that after harvesting a region and a market, the sales team can have a new region and a new market to operate. The last task is to keep abreast of market trends, collect relevant information about market users and competition, summarize regular things and provide data support for the company to formulate strategies.
The back-end marketing director is the key to the marketization of enterprises, so the back-end marketing director shoulders the arduous task of providing good products for the front end. There are two tasks involved here: one is to complete the definition of new products and lay the foundation for R&D personnel to develop products; The second is to manage the life cycle of existing products, when the products will go online, when the products will go offline, how to price the products, and how to improve or improve the products, all of which are the concerns of the back-end marketing director.
This is another deconstruction of marketing. It is also a relatively simple way to explain, with a background support system and a front-end charge; One is to ensure that the ammunition is excellent, and the other is to ensure that it hits the target. This is another simple way to explain marketing and how enterprises do marketing, but it is not suitable for most local enterprises and needs the support of corresponding professionals. This should be a marketing system under a big system. The former is equivalent to sales management, and the latter is equivalent to product management manager, but it ignores the role and promotion of brand building, or it may be because HP separates marketing from brand building. I have always believed that a perfect marketing should serve brand building.
Let's take a look at the description of all marketing changes and command systems-the position and specific work ability of marketing executives.
From the perspective of headhunting companies, we usually divide marketing into two different fields, one is sales and the other is market. Marketing combines these two abilities. As a salesman, the more important quality should be that he needs high endurance, the ability to overcome difficulties and enterprise, and the ability to solve problems at work. Another very important aspect is the ability to withstand pressure, because sales need to bear a lot of pressure. And we will do marketing, and the qualities involved include sensitivity to numbers, ability to analyze problems, and personal creativity.
The skills and experience that a marketing director must possess-first, leadership ability, including planning ability, supervision and execution ability, resource integration ability, system and cultural construction ability. As a team leader, he must be able to make a work plan for the whole team, supervise the implementation according to the work plan, solve various problems in the process of plan implementation in time, integrate internal and external resources, coordinate the relationship with other functional departments, and complete the objectives and tasks of his department. As an executive, he also shoulders the heavy responsibility of system construction and cultural construction, and must form a good working atmosphere; By system rather than authority, by ability rather than >>
Question 7: 10( 1) What are the main types of state-owned enterprises? This means that all the property of the enterprise belongs to the state and is funded by the state. The scope of state-owned enterprises includes enterprises invested by state organs, institutions and social organizations at the central and local levels, as well as institutions and social organizations engaged in production and business activities operated by enterprises that the state no longer allocates or distributes part of funds, and enterprises invested by the above-mentioned enterprises, institutions and social organizations with state-owned assets.
(2) collectively owned enterprises. This refers to enterprises funded by working people within a certain range. Including enterprises invested by urban and rural workers with collective capital, and enterprises that some individuals voluntarily gave up their ownership through fund-raising and were recognized as collective ownership by the administrative department for industry and commerce according to law.
(3) private enterprises. This refers to a profit-making economic organization whose assets are privately owned and whose employees exceed the legal number. In China, this kind of enterprise is funded by individual citizens and owned and dominated by them. Its production and operation mode is based on wage labor, and the number of employees should be more than 8. Such enterprises used to operate the tertiary industry, but now they are involved in the primary and secondary industries, developing in the direction of science and technology, production and export-oriented.
(4) Joint-stock enterprises. The property of an enterprise is jointly funded by two or more investors and is an enterprise in the form of shares. China's joint-stock enterprises mainly refer to joint-stock companies and limited liability companies (including wholly state-owned companies). Although some state-owned, collective and private economic organizations operate in the form of joint-stock system, they are still classified into their economic types according to the economic nature of the original ownership, but they have not been registered as joint-stock limited liability companies in accordance with the relevant established restructuring norms of the Company Law.
(5) Joint ventures. This refers to the joint operation between enterprises or between enterprises and institutions to form a new economic entity; A joint venture with legal personality shall bear civil liability independently; If it does not meet the requirements of a legal person, the parties to the joint venture shall bear civil liability with their own or managed property according to the proportion of capital contribution or agreement. Those who are jointly and severally liable according to the law or agreement shall be jointly and severally liable.
(6) Enterprises with foreign investment. Such enterprises include Sino-foreign joint ventures established by Chinese and foreign parties within the territory of China with the approval of China. Both Chinese and foreign parties * * * jointly invest, * * * jointly operate, * * * enjoy profits and * * * bear risks; It also includes Chinese-foreign cooperative ventures established by foreign enterprises and other economic organizations in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit, in accordance with Chinese laws and approved by the relevant competent departments of China; It also includes foreign-funded enterprises established within the territory of China in accordance with the laws of China, with all their capital invested by foreign enterprises, other economic organizations or individuals, operating independently and taking responsibility for their own profits and losses.
(7) Enterprises invested by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen. Refers to enterprises established in the Mainland by investors from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in the form of joint venture, cooperation or sole proprietorship in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) on foreign-related economic affairs. In the application of law, it is based on People's Republic of China (PRC)'s foreign-related economic laws and regulations, which is different from foreign-related investment in economic types.
(8) Joint-stock cooperative enterprises. This refers to the economic organization based on capital union and labor union, which effectively combines the two basic elements of productivity, capital and labor, and has the advantages of joint-stock enterprises and cooperative enterprises.
Question 8: What do you mean by company type: 2 10? The company type code indicates the registered type of the company.
2 10 stands for joint venture (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan).
Code enterprise registration type
100 domestic enterprises
1 10 state-owned enterprises
120 collective enterprises
130 joint-stock cooperative enterprise
140 joint venture
14 1 state-owned joint venture
142 collective joint venture
143 state-owned and collective joint ventures
149 Other affiliated enterprises
150 limited liability company
15 1 wholly state-owned company
159 other limited liability companies
160 limited
170 private enterprises
17 1 sole proprietorship enterprise
172 private partnership
173 private limited liability company
174 private company limited by shares
190 other enterprises
200 enterprises invested by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen
2 10 Joint Venture (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan)
Joint venture (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan)
There are 230 wholly-owned enterprises in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Investment Co., Ltd.
300 foreign-invested enterprises
3 10 Sino-foreign joint ventures
320 Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises
330 foreign-funded enterprises
340 foreign-invested joint-stock companies
Question 9: What is an enterprise type? Circulating and non-circulating non-circulating enterprises refer to: production enterprises have the right to import and export by themselves.
The meaning of non-circulation enterprises and the opposition of circulation enterprises.
Circulation-oriented enterprises: mainly focus on commodity circulation, and their Internet applications focus on logistics, information flow, capital flow and commodity flow, which are mainly manifested in online stores (B2C), online purchasing platforms for large enterprises, online distribution management systems, and sales management systems based on WEB mode.