First, the problems and causes of college students' employment difficulties
(a) do not understand the employment situation and policies and employment process. There is information asymmetry.
In recent years, the contradiction between the supply and demand of college graduates has been recognized by the society as the direct cause of the employment difficulties of college students, and the demand of employers for college students cannot keep up with the increase of college graduates. From 2003 to 2007, the number of college graduates nationwide increased from 210.3 million to 4.95 million, more than twice that before the enrollment expansion. However, the increase of jobs is limited, with an annual growth rate of 36%, while the growth rate of college graduates remains at around 1.20%.
The survey results show that 70.63% of students don't understand the employment situation, policies and employment processes in 2008, and information asymmetry seriously affects graduates' employment. Most students in school don't realize that the growth rate of employment has far exceeded the growth rate of jobs, and ignore the importance of understanding the employment situation, policies and employment processes. They just concentrate on studying hard, are keen on textual research or are busy with various community activities to enrich their minds and experiences, but they are helpless in the face of the contradiction between supply and demand in actual employment. Many college students took many detours because of these neglect when they chose jobs and employment on the eve of graduation.
(B) Employment information is not timely.
Another problem is that employers lack timeliness in releasing recruitment information, so college students can't get the corresponding information in time. College students released employment information, but employers didn't get it for various reasons. These two situations have caused many college students to find jobs and employers can't recruit people, which has prolonged the process of mutual search between college students and employers.
The survey shows that 58.73% of the students mainly seek jobs through the talent exchange market, and the channels are limited, because the time and place of opening the talent exchange market are limited, which can not fully meet the screening of college students' employment information. Therefore, the limitation of information channels leads to the untimely acquisition of information.
(c) Lack of understanding of their own abilities, and the knowledge they have learned does not conform to the actual requirements.
While it is difficult for college graduates to find jobs, it is also common for employers to find materials. China's education system has been training talents according to a model for many years, and the specialty setting is out of line with the social needs. Do not pay attention to the cultivation of students' practical ability. College students have solid professional knowledge, but they lack good psychological quality, etiquette and legal concepts.
Among the students surveyed, 50.8% don't know much about their abilities, and the lack of abilities is related to the actual employment situation. Blind employment is a misuse of human resources and a waste of talents. Only through self-evaluation, can a person know himself correctly and profoundly, make the best choice for employment, and give full play to his abilities in suitable jobs, which is the ultimate goal of college students' employment.
(d) Lack of career planning
The survey results show that 6 1.9 1% students "don't know" their future development direction, and 70.64% students "have some plans for their personal career, but they are not complete", which shows that many students don't pay enough attention to career planning. Therefore, the formulation of career goals is not reasonable enough.
This paper investigates the reasons why graduates from case colleges view the current employment difficulties. The results show that the graduates of case colleges think that the primary reason for the current employment difficulty is the lack of practical skills and experience, followed by too many employed people, and the third is information asymmetry. As for career planning, more people ignore its important guiding role in the process of employment, and 94.5% students have no detailed and scientific planning. The formulation of career goals is a problem that needs to be analyzed and considered from the personal values of college students. In the extraordinary period when the employment situation of college students is severe, some college students often face unemployment as soon as they graduate. Therefore, reasonable career planning for college students will directly affect their planning and future prospects after graduation to a great extent, thus avoiding unnecessary waste of human resources caused by college graduates in the process of blind job hunting.
(e) expectations are not in line with the actual situation.
College students are not good at doing things, theoretical knowledge is divorced from practical work, and there are still problems such as poor stability after employment and high turnover rate. Most college students lack hard-working spirit, and their salary expectations are higher than the social reality level. They don't want to start at the grass-roots level, but prefer to wait and only choose to work in developed areas and high-paying departments, rather than working in remote areas; Poor interpersonal communication skills, insufficient teamwork skills, and "no job" cause waste of human resources.
Many college students only pay attention to "big three" (big cities, big enterprises and big institutions) and "three highs" (high income, high welfare and high status). According to the survey, 35.7 1% of students' ideal employment units are state organs, and 48.45438+0% of students' ideal or expected occupation is management. This is a reflection of college students' ignorance of the real employment situation, and 77.78% students are unwilling to work in remote grassroots. These choices are limited to personal ideal career goals, lack of understanding of the actual employment situation, and there is a problem that the ideal development direction is inconsistent with reality, which leads to blindness and indecision in actual choices and is not conducive to the realization of employment goals.
(6) Blind pursuit of stability and high income in employment.
College students are in the transition period from dependence to independence and from students to social roles. They show strong enthusiasm and curiosity about social life and lack rational thinking and rational planning. In this atmosphere, college students' job-hunting mentality tends to be "realistic". This kind of "realism" is manifested in the fact that the level of salary and the quality of treatment become the primary criteria for choosing a job, and they rarely consider their own conditions such as their own ideals, interests, specialties, advantages and potentials. To a certain extent, this will definitely affect college students' choice of future career and the orientation of future life development.
35.7 1% students' ideal employment unit is the state organs, and 22.22% students' expected salary is between 1500-2000 yuan, which is obviously inconsistent with the salary standard in the current college students' employment market. One-sided pursuit of stability and high income in employment, without considering the adverse effects caused by one's own ability limitation and inexperience, will inevitably cause frustration in the process of job hunting.
Second, college students can take measures to deal with employment difficulties
(A) to raise awareness of the current employment policy
With the establishment and development of China's socialist market economy system, the employment system of college students has experienced the employment system of college students under the planned economy system and the employment system of college students under the market economy system. At present, the employment of college students is the macro-control of graduates by the state under the guidance of employment policy, and the employment mode is completely independent, so as to cultivate, develop and improve the talent labor market and realize the rational allocation of human resources.
After studying, college students should actively study the current employment policy and employment process, investigate and understand what changes have taken place in the current employment situation, adjust their development direction in time according to the changes, proceed from personal quality conditions, pay attention to training, and reach the standards of employers; At the same time, according to personal needs and social needs, we should make rational choices and decisions, find jobs smoothly, or choose the right time to start our own businesses according to our own abilities and interests.
(2) Change the concept of employment. Adjust employment mentality
A good beginning is half the battle. In view of the specific difficulties of the specific turning point of college graduation, it is a crucial step for college students to change their roles from students to professionals.
1. Change the concept of employment
College students' stage is a period when a person's life values are basically shaped, and it is also a period when the concept of choosing a job begins to form. The concept of career choice is the weather vane for college students to choose the future life path, and whether it is established reasonably or not will directly determine the psychological state of college students in the process of career choice and employment.
College students should follow the principle of reality when choosing a job, including two aspects: first, the reality of the external professional environment; The second is the reality of personal ability and quality. First of all, consider social needs, and take social needs as the primary basis for personal career choice; Some college students don't want to go to remote areas that need a lot of talents or areas with slow economic development, but prefer to stay in large and medium-sized cities to do the most basic work, which even affects their personal development prospects and ignores social needs.
When college students enter the society for the first time, on the one hand, they should not overemphasize their personal career ideals and interests, but should raise their career ideals to a higher level; On the other hand, when choosing a job, we should fully consider the individual's work potential and personality characteristics, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and give full play to its unique role.
2. Adjust the employment mentality to adapt to the change of social role.
"Social role" refers to a set of norms and behavior patterns of rights and obligations consistent with people's social status and identity. It is people's expectation of the behavior of people with a specific identity, and it forms the basis of social groups or social organizations. College students should adapt to the new role as soon as possible, correctly understand their own position, straighten their position, actively maintain coordination with the outside world, and spend the psychological discomfort period.
Facing the current situation of "difficult employment", college students should start from themselves and actively seek countermeasures. The first is to adjust the mentality, enhance the breadth of interest during school study, be good at controlling and regulating negative emotions, cultivate consciousness, decisiveness, self-control and tenacity, be honest and frank, be modest and prudent, and link the concept of choosing a job with the goal of life.
(3) pay attention to the cultivation of their own quality. Improve employment competitiveness
1. Cultivate good professional quality
Good professional quality is the basis of college students' successful employment, and it is also a passport to the other side of their ideals. Mainly manifested in professional interest, professional ability, professional personality and professional emotion. College students should combine their life ideals with their career ideals, constantly strengthen their adaptability, cultivate good habits, know the law and abide by the law, be fair and just, and have the professional ethics of unity, cooperation, mutual assistance and friendship. Professional ethics is the basis of professional activities, far more important than being proficient in business. College students should make initial self-improvement based on professional ethics.
In the fierce competition for talents, college students gradually establish good professional ethics and quality through self-education, self-cultivation, self-exercise and self-transformation.
2. Advocate "lifelong learning" and try to make up for your own shortcomings.
College students should establish the concept of "lifelong learning", and it is difficult for them to become high-level talents without continuing their studies after graduation. At present, faced with the dual pressures of rapid increase and rapid aging of knowledge, only by continuing education and learning after college, storing more energy and supplementing new theories, new knowledge, new methods and new information can we adapt to the rapid development of science and technology.
When college students set foot on their jobs, it is not the end of learning, but the beginning of new learning. With the progress and development of society and the acceleration of labor mobility, more and more workers need to receive continuous education and training to improve their ability to adapt to career changes. College students should do the following:
(1) Keep learning new professional knowledge.
College students should not be satisfied with existing knowledge. The more knowledge and technology a person has, the stronger his adaptability to society and the more ways to overcome difficulties. It is necessary to keep abreast of the latest achievements in the development of this major or related fields, and strive to learn from and apply them in practice, so as to keep up with the pace of the times, create a new world of career and pave the way for your own career development.
(2) Improve vocational skills.
Vocational operation skills are the basic requirements for engaging in various occupations. With knowledge and skills, you can always create success with your own strength. Any job is connected by certain professional operation skills, and the basic operation skills are proficient, which shows that there are basic requirements for engaging in a certain job, which is the basis for college students to participate in various jobs.
(3) Mastering professional life skills
Professional life skills are a complex social phenomenon, including how to design your own career, how to relieve all kinds of troubles in professional life, how to get along with people better and so on. The first is to establish good interpersonal relationships, be honest and trustworthy, respect others, be modest and generous, and be neither humble nor supercilious. Secondly, it is necessary to cultivate a scientific way of working, arrange work in a planned way, complete every work with heart, continuously improve work efficiency and conduct reasonable time management. Finally, master effective communication skills, be good at listening and master communication methods.
Keep a low profile and enter the job market.
College students have shortcomings in work experience and practical operation ability. When choosing a job, we should fully consider all kinds of shortcomings, face up to the hardships and setbacks, and adjust employment expectations to meet the actual needs of society.
For the first time, college students should design their career goals according to social needs. College graduates should fully realize that the needs of society are the conditions and foundation for individuals to give full play to their talents, scientifically analyze the employment situation and their own characteristics, and calmly and properly handle the relationships between individuals and society, individuals and collectives, and individuals and others in the process of choosing jobs.
Correcting one's position is the basic requirement of college students' active employment. College students have little practical experience and need to study before work. College students should not set too high a starting point for themselves, but should explore their potential in basic jobs.
On the basis of personal interests and abilities, capable college students can devote themselves to the current upsurge of college students' self-employment and get out of their own world.