What are the general procurement methods for service projects?

Third, some projects are closely related to intellectual property protection, and the number of suppliers is limited. This paper discusses several common international service project procurement methods from the perspective of application. Request for Proposal: The purchaser contacts several service providers by issuing a notice (request for service proposal) to solicit the interest of all parties in submitting proposals, and sends an invitation proposal to the service providers who express interest. Applicability When the service can only be obtained from a limited number of service providers, or the time and cost required to review and evaluate the proposal is not commensurate with the value of the service, or in order to ensure confidentiality and for the national interest, the purchaser can directly ask the service provider for advice. Generally speaking, the invitation proposal for operation proposal should specify the name of the purchaser, the nature, characteristics and time of the service to be purchased, the price expression, the way, place and deadline for submitting the proposal, the selection criteria, evaluation criteria and procedures, etc. Two-stage bidding In the first stage, the purchaser requires the service provider to submit a preliminary tender with a proposal but no bid price in the tender documents, and negotiate with the qualified bidder on any aspect of its bid; In the second stage, the purchaser invites the service providers whose bids have not been rejected to submit the final bids with listed prices, and the purchaser evaluates and compares them according to the general bidding procedures to determine the winning bidder. The applicable situation cannot determine the characteristics of the service, or because of the nature of the service, the buyer must negotiate with the service provider, or the buyer must sign a research, experiment, investigation or development contract. This method is also applicable to the situation that no one bids or the purchaser refuses all bids, and even if the bidding is re-invited, it is impossible to produce a procurement contract. Competitive negotiation is basically the same as two-stage bidding and request for proposals, that is, all purchases that are applicable to two-stage bidding and request for proposals can be conducted through competitive negotiation. Application: when a service is urgently needed due to an emergency, it is impractical to adopt the bidding method; Because of catastrophic events, it is urgent to get some kind of service, and it takes too long to adopt other methods; When the nature of the services or risks involved does not allow the overall pricing to be formulated in advance; Due to technical and artistic reasons or protection of exclusive rights, services can only be provided by specific providers; The performance of the original contract is based on the need to provide some supplementary services, which can not be separated from the main contract technically or economically, and is absolutely necessary to complete the main contract. When the supplementary contract is given to the service provider who provides the main contract service. Operational recommendations The number of suppliers participating in the negotiation should ensure effective competition; All information related to the negotiation must be distributed equally to all participants in the negotiation; Negotiations should be kept confidential; After the negotiation, the buyer shall require all the remaining service providers to submit the best and final quotations by a certain date at the latest, and select the winning bidder on this basis. Design Competition (Design Competition) A procedure in which relevant units organize a competition to obtain the right to use or ownership of a scheme or design scheme, compare the schemes submitted by contestants, and sign a contract with the winner. Mainly used in regional planning, urban planning, building structure, civil engineering or data processing.