introduce
The 1960s was the golden age of American postwar economy. Because of the gradual progress of life,
With money, people's spiritual life requirements are getting higher and higher, and modern buildings before the war are all single-match.
The box-shaped architectural image makes people feel bored. Where does modern architecture go? See the truth.
Architects represented by richard meier (richard meier) insist on primitive modernism.
For the development of modernism, we are making unremitting exploration and adoption.
Remarkable achievements have been made.
American architect richard meier is a natural color in modern architecture.
An important representative of the faction. White school's architectural works are mainly white, which has a transcendence.
Vulgar style and obvious unnatural effect are called "Yangchun" in Meiwei contemporary architecture.
Snow ". His design ideas and theoretical principles were deeply influenced by De Steagall and Corbusier.
Ring, pure architectural space, volume and cubism composition change in sunlight and light.
Very partial, so it is called the revival of early modernist architecture.
White school building
Its main features are: 1) pure architectural form, clean local treatment and overall layout.
Chu. 2) In a regular structural system, we can survive through the concave-convex arrangement of montage.
Splash, jump and charming posture highlight the change of space, giving the building obvious
Sculpture. 3> base selection emphasizes the contrast between man-made and nature, and is generally disobedient.
Festival, but in the strong contrast between architecture and environment, learn from each other's strengths and complement each other for innovation.
Coordination. 4) pay attention to functional zoning, with special emphasis on public space and
Strictly distinguish ph value space.
Smith hottse (1965 ~1967) designed by Meyer is
One of the more representative works of the White School.
1 Walking into Smith's house,
Smith's residence is located in Darian Beach, Connecticut, USA. This is Connecticut.
The border area of Georgia far from the city center is a world without the noise of cities.
Taoyuan. And the surrounding environment of the base also provides a very good natural landscape, especially it.
Facing Long Island Bay, the base provides an endless blue sea view.
When entering the base from expressway, the whole building was built because it was blocked by trees.
The building is not obvious visually, but it is formed by pure white building volume and natural landscape.
Contrast guides people's sight so that they won't get lost. Guide along the road
Go ahead, the first thing that appears in front of you is the garage at the end of the road and turn 45. Jiaohang
After that, the whole house appeared in front of us. The entrance facade on this side of the house is relatively simple.
Only by opening some required square windows, the most beautiful seascape in the natural landscape was completed.
It's all blocked, and people just want to get into the house and enjoy the beautiful scenery. As soon as I entered the room
Between the rooms, there will be an unexpected and suddenly enlightened feeling, passing through the huge living room.
The glass provides a panoramic view of the beautiful scenery carefully arranged by the architect. The whole house has three floors.
The building is located on the ground floor and used as a public space, with a restaurant, kitchen, laundry room and maid room. The middle floor serves as a space for family members to communicate and a place to receive guests. There is a living room and a master bedroom. The upper and lower floors of the living room are connected, and the top floor is the children's room, guest room and study room. In terms of functional layout, separate public space from private space, so that every home
Court members have their own worlds, and Meyer pursues a simple and pure modernist spirit in architectural art.
2 Smith residential design highlights
Meyer spoke highly of modernist architectural thought, which he believed in the 1920s.
Early modernist architecture is the essence of the whole modernist architecture, such as Cobb.
Savoy house in Sie, Bauhaus school building in Gropius, etc. It's white and structured.
The crystallization of socialism. In Smith's house, many aspects, such as geometry, ramps, colors.
The color and the up and down connection of the living room all continue the language of modern architecture. But Meyer
The unique style is that he enriches the architectural vocabulary, absorbs the essence of cubism, and will
Architecture is organically linked with site and environment.
2. 1 perfect sequence layout
In Smith's residence, the sequential layout of the whole building is compact and organic. from
From outside the base to inside the base, cross the narrow driveway first, and then see the house first.
In the corner of the garage, you can only see the panoramic view of the house. Enter from outside the house
When you enter the house, you must pass a narrow ramp before you can enter the house.
Large space, then enter the upper and lower floors through the living room and see the outdoor.
The wide scenery reaches the climax of the whole sequence, resulting in satisfactory aesthetic pleasure.
The third circle Smith residence living room
2.2 Strong contrast
Contrast is often used in architectural design. At Smith's residence, you can
I saw that Meyer used a lot of contrast techniques and used them very skillfully.
1) Compared with the actual situation of the materials, there is a pair of two in the living room facing the crowd.
The fireplace used on the first floor is obviously separated from the enclosure of the building and is in the daily life of three-sided glass.
In the room, it produces a very strong contrast between the actual and virtual materials and becomes the visual center of the living room.
2) Strong color contrast. In Meyer's works, the surface materials are often white with green.
Set off the natural scenery, form a strong contrast, make people feel fresh and refined, and make it more
People sincerely admire the colors of nature and blend in with the surrounding landscape.
In short, this is Meyer's success.
This contrast technique is also common when dealing with the interior space of buildings.
For example, there is an internal staircase surrounded by a thick wall on the diagonal of the house.
Position, set an open external staircase composed of metal railings, these two
In contrast, the whole building is full of vitality and successfully connected with the public in the house.
Space and private areas; In addition, facing the main landscape of the house, an open public building was designed.
* * * living space, and the other side designed a relatively closed bedroom living area, both of which were also formed.
Contrast.
2.3 Rich space
In Smith's Residence, there is a concept of two-way stratification, that is, vertical stratification.
At the same time, it is divided into "layers" horizontally, which are "private space" and "public space"
Divided into two parts. In this way, there is an opposing space system, which is small privacy.
The space is supported by wooden walls, and the large space is supported by circular steel columns. The structural system of the house
It coincides with the spatial organization system. Closed private space and open public space.
Depending on the diagonal layout of horizontal corridor and stairs, the traffic space is organically combined.
Frequent use will enhance the layering and smoothness of the two parts of the space.
When a person moves in space, his visual experience is stereoscopic, not flat, and
In other words, when people move horizontally, designers often make their eyes vertical at the same time.
Directional circulation; And when people move up and down, their eyes keep horizontal at the same time.
In circulation. In this way, the flow of people and the circulation of vision are spread out in three dimensions and cross each other.
Entanglement, resulting in colorful space impression.
2.4 Harmonious light and shadow
Meyer pays attention to cubism composition and the change of light and shadow, emphasizes the interpenetration of faces, and pays attention to
Pure building space and volume. Utilize the vertical space and natural light inside the building
The reflection on the building has achieved a rich light and shadow effect. He explained the old from a new angle.
Architectural vocabulary, reorganization of geometric space.
In Smith's residence, you can experience that Meyer's handling of light and shadow is also a great achievement.
Take the husband's example, the rising Li Guang line accurately shoots into the bedroom, while the afternoon sunshine is gentle.
Shooting into the living space, people can't help but admire the architect's intentions. Some after Meyer
Meyer's attention and reference to light and his concern about the change of light can also be seen in his works.
And use this to adjust the space. "I'm interested in light and shadow with special colors that have nothing to do with materials.
Charming white creates a neutral surface and space will appear.
Sense, enhance people's sense of spatial structure and order. .. light permeates every corner.
So we can perceive the existence of light in the purest and most basic way. for
In order to achieve this goal, after strict comparison between reality and reality, large glass curtain walls and
White solid walls are used alternately, and a large number of structural frames and sunshade structures are combined.
And the architectural form created is very layered.
3 Conclusion
From Smith's residence, we can see Meyer's design style, simplicity and purity, function and
Perfect combination of forms. He uses a single color and simple geometry.
It has created rich architectural space, but at present, some architects in our country are interested in architectural creation
Pursuing the originality of form, adopting long span, long cantilever, twisted shell and oblique
The columns at the expense of function, economy and energy consumption are in sharp contrast with the deformed walls. be like
How can today's architects create richness and vividness based on national conditions and national culture?
A new architectural form in harmony with the environment is a problem worthy of serious consideration.
References:.
[1] Liu Xianjue. Modern architectural theory [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1999.
[2] Zheng, Huang Hua. Architectural design and school [M]. Tianjin: Tianjin University Press
She ... 2002,'
3] Wang Shouzhi. History of modern architecture in the world [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1999.
[4] Tolbert hamlin. The principle of architectural beauty [M]. Beijing: Construction industry in China.
News. 1982.
[5] Luo Xiaowei. History of foreign modern architecture [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2004.
Data 2
1. environment
Smith's house is located in a place surrounded by rocks and trees, covering an area of 1.5 acres. The terrain behind the house first rises slowly, then falls, becoming a steep reef coast, and finally gradually inclines to form a small sandy bay. This terrain evolution has formed a natural boundary. The highway extending from the entrance to the coastline defines an important location axis. The entrance, the passage and the whole scenery are organized in this straight line, which makes the building and the environment form an organic whole. The intersecting plane in the house echoes the rhythm of the whole slope, Woods, protruding rocks and coastline.
2. Materials
Smith's residence adopts a large number of glass structures, and its surface receives light, shadow and color from the sky, the earth and the sea. Floor-to-ceiling windows have good lighting effect, which provides a wide field of vision for residents.
The wooden frame divides the glass area and organically and flexibly combines the three layers of glass windows into a whole. The choice of wooden frame is in harmony with the surrounding natural environment.
The fireplace adopts masonry structure, which conforms to the unity of building materials and practical functions.
Glass and masonry: From the glass above, the fireplace and the front facade form a special visual moving line, which runs through the whole house.
Wooden frame and glass: it is a good contrast between the closed and open parts of the room. The virtual and real parts depend on each other, forming a strong contrast, which makes the plane and the facade have a spatial dialogue.
The use of materials should not only conform to the laws of mechanics, but also follow the structural characteristics. Using one or two simple materials to make different texture arrangements will form multiple scales on the facade and create rich facade effects. This is because the existence of different levels and scales meets the visual needs of our architectural aesthetics at different distances, that is, no matter what distance, there are always visible objects, which are beautiful and durable. Secondly, vision will be excited by comparing different levels of scales. Specifically, when a certain scale of Fang Gezi occupies most of the facade, the vision will feel the basic scale based on it. If there is only one scale on the facade, it will make people feel monotonous, and then when other scales contrast in the line of sight, the vision will be excited.
3. Space
The spatial organization of the whole house adopts the mode of separation of public space and private space. The private space of the house is partly arranged at the entrance side, and consists of several closed unit spaces distributed on the third floor. The public space is arranged at the back of the house and you can see the water. This part has three platforms, surrounded by a glass, which spans three floors as a whole. The inner and outer stairs on the diagonal make the open and private space smart.
colour
Meyer's works are based on the theory of "conforming to nature". He said: "White is an excellent color, which can well separate the building from the local environment. Just as porcelain has a perfect interface, white can also make buildings show their unique style characteristics in a gloomy sky. Snow White is one of the greatest features in my works, which can clarify the concept of architecture and emphasize the role of visual images. White is also the best appreciation in light and shadow, ethereal and physical display, so in the traditional sense, white is a symbol of purity, transparency and perfection. "
White, pure and powerful, without too many complicated shapes. Meyer's works are based on the theory of "conforming to nature", and the surface material is often white, which makes people feel fresh and refined against the background of green natural scenery. He is also good at using white to express the harmonious relationship between the building itself and the surrounding environment. Inside the building, he uses the reflection of vertical space and natural light on the building to achieve the effect of light and shadow. He explained the old building with a new point of view and reassembled the geometric space. The white form used in Smith's residence not only comes from the tradition of self-sufficient narrow residents in New England, but also expresses the optimistic and extroverted attitude towards this area.
I made this up when I was doing my own construction work, which is biased and incomplete. . . )
Other information about Meyer (I hope you can get useful information from it)
An important representative of the white school in modern architecture. 1935, Richard? Meyer was born in Newark, the northeastern city of New Jersey, and studied at Cornell University in Ithaca, new york. In his early years, he worked in new york S.O.M Architecture Office and brower Office, and held teaching positions in several universities. 1963 start your own business. After graduating from college, Meyer was in Marcel? He continued to study and work under the guidance of Marcel Brewer and other architects. He is also one of the "five giants of architecture". Because of strangulation? Le corbusier's influence was reflected in most of his early works. The style of Corbusier. 1963, Meyer set up his own studio in new york, and his initial creativity was gradually displayed in furniture, glassware, clocks, porcelain, photo frames and candlesticks.
Meyer's products are quite simple, including home design and commercial design. The biggest feature of his works is that he always has his own characteristics in style rather than being confused by others. Due to his bold style and commendable loyalty, Meyer created a rather unique and steady style. In order to do better in the exhibition, he harmoniously blended the oblique lattice, the front and the appearance with strong difference between light and shade.
This robust design is cubic, as if calling out a surreal high-tech fairyland, which contains pure and quiet simple structure. The visual sense of architecture is quite strong, and it also implies the contained space. Meyer pays attention to cubism composition and the change of light and shadow, emphasizes the interpenetration of curved surfaces, and pays attention to pure architectural space and volume. In the comparison and understanding of scales, he expanded the spatial characteristics of scales and grades. Meyer started with a simple structure, completely integrating indoor and outdoor space and volume. By controlling space, mode and light, Meyer created a brand-new modern building. He once said: "I will skillfully use light, scale, changes in scenery and the relationship between motion and static." Architecture is a thoughtful science, which consists of moving space and static space, in which the concept of space is like oxygen in the universe. Although I have been paying attention to the spatial structure, I am not referring to the abstract concept of space, but the spatial structure directly related to light, spatial scale and architectural culture. "
-I hope I can help you.