1. Planning and design stage: This stage needs to plan and design the whole project, including determining the project scope, technical scheme and resource requirements. In the process of planning and design, it is necessary to consider various factors such as technology, capital and environment to conduct demand assessment and risk assessment. Unreasonable planning and design, or failure to fully consider risks, will lead to problems and delays in the subsequent implementation stage.
2. Procurement and bidding stage: In the process of information and communication engineering construction, it is necessary to purchase equipment, technology and services through bidding. At this stage, suppliers need to be evaluated, negotiated and signed. Risks mainly include supplier's integrity, quality and contract performance.