1. Transaction Virtualization
Trade through the computer Internet represented by the Internet, from trade negotiation, contract signing to payment, etc. , through the computer Internet, without face to face, the whole transaction is completely virtualized. For sellers, they can apply for a domain name in the network management organization, make their own home page, and sort out product information online. With the development of new technologies such as virtual reality and online chat, buyers can choose advertisements according to their own needs and feed back information to sellers. Through the push-pull interaction of information, electronic contracts are signed, transactions are completed and electronic payments are made. The whole transaction is carried out in the virtual environment of the network.
2. Low transaction cost
E-commerce has greatly reduced the transaction costs of buyers and sellers, which are embodied in:
(1) The farther the distance, the lower the cost of information transmission on the network than letters, telephones and faxes. In addition, shortening the time and reducing the number of duplicate data recorders also reduces the information cost.
(2) Buyers and sellers conduct business activities through the Internet, without the participation of intermediaries, which reduces the related links in the transaction.
(3) Sellers can introduce and publicize products through the Internet, thus avoiding a lot of expenses such as advertising and printing products in the traditional way.
(4) Implementing "paperless trade" in e-commerce can reduce the cost of document processing by 90%.
(5) The Internet enables buyers and sellers to communicate supply and demand information in real time, making it possible to produce and sell goods without inventory, thus reducing the warehouse cost to zero.
(6) Enterprises can realize paperless office (OA) by using intranet, which improves the efficiency of internal information transmission, saves time and reduces management costs. Through the Internet, the company's headquarters, agents and subsidiaries and branches distributed in other countries are linked together, so as to respond to local market conditions in time, produce and sell in time, reduce inventory costs, and provide delivery services by using overlapping companies with high production efficiency, thereby reducing product costs.
(7) The traditional trading platform is ground shops, and the new e-commerce trading platform is Internet cafes or offices.
3. High transaction efficiency
Because the Internet standardizes commercial messages in trade, commercial messages can be transmitted and automatically processed by computers all over the world in an instant, and the processes of raw material procurement, product production, demand and sales, bank remittance, insurance, consignment and customs declaration of goods can be completed in the shortest time without manual intervention. In the traditional trade mode, sending information by mail, telephone and fax requires people's participation, and each link takes a lot of time. Sometimes the transmission time is delayed and the best business opportunity is missed because of the cooperation of personnel and working hours. E-commerce overcomes the shortcomings of traditional trade methods, such as high cost, easy to make mistakes and slow processing speed, which greatly shortens the transaction time and makes the whole transaction very fast and convenient.
4. Transparency of transactions
The whole transaction process, such as negotiation, signing, payment and delivery notice, is conducted online. Information transmission is smooth and fast, which can ensure that all kinds of information can be checked with each other and prevent the circulation of forged information. For example, in a typical license EDI system, because the communication and verification between the issuing unit and the verification unit are strengthened, the fake license is not easy to escape. Customs EDI also helps to put an end to border behaviors such as false export, beating around the bush and defrauding tax refund.
2. China is in the process of modernization, in which informatization drives industrialization, industrialization promotes informatization and takes a new road of industrialization. The traditional industrial production mode is unsustainable. To further develop, it is necessary to take a development path of "high technology content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution and full play of human resources" under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development. E-commerce conforms to this development direction.
Therefore, the development of e-commerce has also had a certain impact on social life. At present, it has largely solved the urgent problems in the national economy. Now I will talk about the influence of e-commerce on our social life.
First, e-commerce can solve certain employment problems.
At present, e-commerce websites provide 320,000 jobs for China, including 165438+ 10,000 jobs provided by enterprise websites, and the third-party logistics and distribution industry will also bring tens of millions of jobs. The annual labor employment gap in China is about 1.34 billion. If e-commerce is done well, the employment problem can be solved at once. At present, e-commerce websites provide 320,000 jobs for China, including 165438+ 10,000 jobs provided by enterprise websites, and the third-party logistics and distribution industry will also bring tens of millions of jobs. The annual labor employment gap in China is about 1.34 billion. If e-commerce is done well, the employment problem can be solved at once. According to the statistics of CNNIC 2004, the total number of websites in China is 595,600. Among all kinds of websites, corporate websites account for the largest proportion, accounting for 70.9% of the total number of websites, that is, about 420,000 websites, directly attracting about 165438+ 10,000 people for employment. Followed by commercial websites, accounting for 8.2%. There are about 48,800 websites, specializing in e-commerce activities, with more than 10 full-time employees, accounting for more than 40%, and about 200,000 employees. The total number of e-commerce websites is about 320,000.
If we consider e-commerce and indirect drivers outside the website, the number of e-commerce employees will be higher. For example, the third-party logistics and distribution industry has brought tens of millions of employment opportunities, forming new jobs such as e-commerce division and network marketing. Employment information websites and a large number of talent supply and demand channels are providing more matching opportunities for the supply and demand sides, reducing friction unemployment and promoting a more rational allocation of talent resources.
Second, the development of e-commerce is closely related to logistics.
With the rapid development of e-commerce, logistics plays an increasingly important role in the development of e-commerce. Logistics is regarded as the cornerstone of e-commerce development. Among the four basic elements involved in e-commerce, the first three can be realized by computers and network communication equipment. But as the most special logistics in the fourth stream, except some information products, most goods and services need to be delivered through a series of mechanized and automated tools. It can be seen that logistics is an important part of e-commerce.
The United States began to develop logistics in the early 20th century. It adopts the centralized logistics mode, focuses on the overall interests, breaks through the system of departmental responsibility, and unifies the management mode of planning and management as one. When the United States proposed e-commerce, because it had a relatively perfect modern logistics system, it could directly connect the information flow, business flow, capital flow and logistics of e-commerce, and achieved good results. Japan also attaches great importance to the development of the logistics industry. In 1970s, Japan has become one of the most developed countries in the world. It has developed e-commerce with an efficient distribution center model and achieved great economic benefits.
However, in China, the modern logistics system has not yet been built, and the logistics level in China is still relatively late and low compared with developed countries. When e-commerce was introduced, there was no logistics model that could support e-commerce, so the current logistics system greatly restricted the development of e-commerce in China. Judging from the current development trend, vigorously developing modern logistics system will play an important role in promoting the development of e-commerce in China, and only by solving the logistics bottleneck problem can we really develop the economy through e-commerce and create greater economic benefits.
Third, the opportunities and challenges brought by e-commerce to the development of enterprises.
E-commerce refers to business activities carried out with the support of computer Internet. It mainly includes pre-sale, in-sale and after-sale online advertising, ordering, payment, customer service and delivery, market research and analysis, financial accounting and production arrangement, and many other commercial activities carried out by using the Internet. From the enterprise's point of view, e-commerce is to realize the core business process of the enterprise through computer network, so as to improve customer service, reduce circulation time, reduce circulation cost and obtain more profits from limited resources.
1. Opportunities brought by the development of e-commerce to the development of enterprises
As we all know, we are now in an era of unprecedented global competition. Facing the cruel competition fact, if an enterprise wants to maintain its advantage, operators must seize every opportunity to reduce costs, improve efficiency, expand markets, improve service quality, and strive to ensure their competitive advantage. E-commerce provides a global trading environment for enterprises, establishes new business channels, greatly improves the level of business activities and service quality, and plays an unparalleled role in enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises in all aspects.
2. E-commerce can improve the efficiency of business activities
E-commerce makes it easier to set production by sales. Enterprises display the quality, performance, price, pre-sale and after-sales service and payment terms of their products through computer networks. Customers need their own orders. According to the ordering information transmitted by the computer network, the production department of an enterprise arranges or adjusts the production scale and variety in time, so as to realize the ideal mode of small batch, multi-variety, zero inventory, instant manufacturing and delivery and adapt to the consumption trend of modern society. The implementation of e-commerce can not only greatly improve the transaction speed, speed up the order processing and payment settlement, but also reduce human negligence. Some computer programs can basically find the wrong information input by business personnel and give warnings or automatically correct them to avoid possible losses and waste. This is especially important for the letter of credit settlement trade business with strict requirements for consistent documents.
E-commerce can improve the work quality and expand the market.
E-commerce has increased the contact between customers and suppliers. No matter whether the two sides are cross-regional or cross-border, the spatial barriers have disappeared. The website of e-commerce system enables customers and suppliers to know each other's latest data, and electronic data interchange (EDI) strengthens the cooperation between enterprises. E-commerce can provide services 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, so that enterprises can grasp the market demand information more timely, accurately and fully, and provide the goods or services that customers need on time and with good quality, thus strengthening their competitive position in the market. At the same time, e-commerce can provide interactive sales channels, so that businesses can get market feedback in time and improve their work.
4. E-commerce can reduce enterprise costs and improve enterprise profits.
Reduce transaction costs and save potential expenses, for example, e-mail saves communication postage, while electronic data exchange greatly saves management and personnel expenses. In addition, e-commerce can optimize the enterprise supply chain and reduce the supply cost. Traditional business activities are completed by a supply chain composed of multiple intermediate links, which inevitably consumes a lot of material resources. However, e-commerce can shorten the length of the supply chain, reduce intermediate links and turnaround time, and save the loss of material resources. Taking commercial enterprises as an example, optimizing enterprise supply chain and implementing direct sales can reduce inventory and business area and reduce turnover and management costs. According to statistics, under the traditional business model, the logistics cost of goods from ordering to sales accounts for about 18% ~ 20% of the enterprise cost. After using e-commerce to optimize the supply chain, foreign enterprises aim to reduce the cost rate to 10% ~ 12%. Therefore, the application of e-commerce can bring huge profits to enterprises while reducing costs.
Fourth, electronic transactions brought by e-commerce
At present, many consumers involved in electronic transactions in the world are bidding farewell to checks. They are more and more keen on online payment through the internet, which seems to have a "spark of love" with this way of saving paper and postage. With the wave of e-commerce, online payment methods have gradually taken root in people's hearts. This fast and increasingly secure way of shopping payment, paying various public utility bills and even conducting personal online financial management makes users feel that they are the trendsetters. At the same time, with the improvement of consumers' confidence in information security technology, online payment is expected to become more and more popular.
Some investors are afraid of losing the opportunity to seize the online market, so they jump into this innovative application field. If online payment is a situation where a hundred schools of thought contend, then the battle for online payment service market triggered by it has just begun. Nowadays, many websites have the function of online payment, but the biggest obstacle to online payment is that consumers spend a lot of time paying different bills on various websites. Online payment service is a huge potential vault for banks, because banks can make a profit by providing this service. For merchants, they can save millions of dollars in mailing bills and get additional channels to sell new products and services, which is a happy thing.
More and more companies provide product and service information through the Internet. The research and development of online payment tools is the primary work to promote e-commerce, and the future development trend of e-commerce payment methods is safer, more convenient and more diversified.
In a word, as a business process, e-commerce will bring an unprecedented revolution. Its influence will go far beyond the business itself, and will have a great impact on social production and operation, people's life and employment, government functions, legal system and education and culture.
The development of e-commerce will have a greater and greater impact on our social life, and e-commerce will really bring mankind into the information society.