1787, Turkey demanded that Russia return Crimea, recognize Georgia as a Turkish territory, and inspect Russian merchant ships entering and leaving the Strait. Russia rejected Turkey's request, and Turkey sent troops to fight against Russia.
1On September 2, 787, the Turkish fleet launched an attack on a Russian frigate moored near Kimboon and was defeated by the Russian army. /KOOC-0/0/KOOC-0/0/KOOC-0/2. After receiving the reinforcements from Ochakov, the Turkish army attacked Kimboon again. After many battles, the Turkish army was hit hard by the Russian suvorov Corps and almost completely annihilated. The defeat in the battle of Kimbunn disrupted Turkey's strategic plan and bought time for the Russian army to assemble its main force to launch an attack.
1788 65438+ 10, Austria officially declared war on Turkey. In May of the same year, the main formation of the Russian army was completed and the Black Sea Fleet was strengthened. Russian army plans to capture Ochakov. In late June, 50,000 people from Russia and Poland, led by Marshal Yuan, crossed the Buge River, surrounded Ochakov by land, and harassed Ochakov with a fleet at sea, leaving him trapped for a long time.
Ochakov's offensive and defensive war began with a naval battle. There were three naval battles in the middle and late June, and the Turkish army lost 32 ships of various types. The rest of the ships either fled to the west bank of the Black Sea or avoided Ochakov. In order to save the defeat, the Turkish high command sent troops to reinforce. Russian and Turkish fleets met at sea. In July 14, two fleets fought in Fedonia Island. Russian ushakov led the ship to attack at full speed, and seized the upper hand position, so that the Turkish fleet was sandwiched between Russian fleets. Russian troops destroyed 1 earthen ship, and the rest were evacuated to the west bank of the Black Sea.
On the battlefield of Ochakov, Russian troops continued to besiege the fortress. Until 1788 65438+February17, Russian soldiers stormed Ochakov in six directions. After several hours of fighting, Russian troops captured Ochakov, captured 13500 Turkish troops and captured 3 10 guns.
1in the summer of 788, Russian troops besieged Ochakov, Turkey's ally Sweden participated in the war, and Russia was attacked by Turkey and Sweden. Russia tried to avoid fighting on two fronts, but to no avail. In the case of being attacked by both Scylla and Charybdis, Russia defended the northern line with secondary forces and put its main force on the southern line to deal with Turkey. At the beginning of July, the Russian Baltic Fleet was ordered to go to sea to search for the Swedish fleet. 16 In July, Russia and Switzerland met near hoagland Island, and each captured the other 1 warship and tied. While fighting at sea, Swedish ground troops marched in the direction of Petersburg in two ways. Because of the "commotion" of Finnish officers and men in the Swiss army, they refused to fight across the border, and the Swiss army's attack plan went bankrupt and withdrew to the mainland.
1in the spring of 789, the Russian army fighting against the Turks was co-edited as the Confederate Army, under the command of potemkin. Potemkin's 1789 battle plan is: the main group first captured Bissalabia, and then assembled the Turkish army in Binjela; The containment team cooperates with the main action and keeps in touch with the Austrian army. In order to cooperate with the Russian army, the Austrian army mainly fought in Serbia and Croatia.
Turkey 1789 operational plan stipulates that150,000 troops will be assembled in the lower reaches of the Danube River to annihilate the main force of the Russian army in the northern Binjela area. In order to avoid worries and ensure the freedom of the main force, the Turkish army high command sent containment troops to cut off the ties between the Russian and Austrian armies.
1789 In late June, the main force of the Turkish army concentrated in the lower reaches of the Danube went northward on a large scale and arrived in Fokshani. In late July, Russian and Austrian troops stationed in Arude, ready to attack the Turkish army stationed in Fokshani. Russian troops are under the command of suvorov.
The operational plan of the Russian army is that the Russian-Austrian coalition forces forcibly crossed the Putna River and attacked Fokshani during the March. On August 1 day, a fierce battle broke out between the allied forces and the Turkish army in Fokshani. After 10 hours of fierce fighting, the Turkish army was killed 1500 people, and the allied forces suffered about 300 to 400 casualties. After the battle, the Russian army withdrew to its original station. At the same time, the main force of the Southern Army under the command of potemkin was advancing on the left bank of Transnistria, trying to detour Bingella, but the action was slow. The Turkish army took the opportunity to step up preparations for the attack, and planned to annihilate suvorov's troops with the focus on allied alliance, and then turned around to attack the main Russian army. Another containment force entered Izmir.
1789 In the middle of September, the main force of the Turkish army advanced to Fokshani. On September 2 1, suvorov's troops entered Fokshani and joined forces with the Austrian army. /kloc-on the night of 0/0, the allies sneaked into the Remna River at a distance of 7~8 kilometers from the Turkish army. On the morning of 22nd, the battle of Lengnick started, and the two sides fought fiercely 12 hours. The Turkish army suffered heavy casualties 1 000, and drowned.
Lengnick World War I disrupted the whole Turkish battle plan. After this campaign, the Russian army conquered Binjela, won Acheman without fighting, and took control of the whole Moldova.
In order to force Turkey to stop fighting and negotiate peace, the Russian army plans to launch an active military operation on the left bank of the Danube, ready to attack the right bank. The Turkish army relies on a series of fortresses along the coast for strategic defense. Izmir has the most important strategic position in the fortress. Izmir controls the lower reaches of the Danube and directly threatens the flank and rear of the Russian army. Without the abolition of Izmir, it is difficult for Russian troops to move on the left bank of the Danube. The elite troops of the Turkish army are concentrated in this area. Once the whole army was wiped out, the fighting capacity of the Turkish army dropped sharply. Izmir's conquest not only shocked Turkey, but also helped to improve Russia's position in Europe. So Izmir is imperative.
1790 In March, ushakov became the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, and defeated the Turkish fleet and contained the Turkish naval forces in the naval battles in Sinop, Kerch Strait and Nendra Island. However, the ground troops under the command of potemkin were slow to move, which delayed the fighters. In September, Austria concluded a peace treaty with Turkey alone, which increased the difficulties of the Russian army.
17901in the middle of October, 10, Russian troops entered Izmir. In early February of 65438+, Izmir was besieged twice, but it didn't work. Potemkin appointed suvorov to command the Russian army in Izmir (36,5438+0,000 ground troops, 600 artillery pieces, more than 200 boats of the Danube fleet and about 400 naval guns).
Suvorov's battle plan is: the ground forces will be organized into three groups to attack from the east, west and south simultaneously. In terms of operational deployment, the main attack direction points to the south where the defense is weak, and the Russian army has concentrated two-thirds of its troops and three-quarters of its artillery in this direction.
1790 65438+At 3 am on February 22nd, Russian troops secretly approached the city wall under the cover of night and fog. At 5: 30, according to the unified order, the soldiers attacked in three ways at the same time. The Danube fleet transported ground troops to land and supported them with naval guns. At 8 o'clock, the outer city was breached and the two sides launched a fierce street battle. The battle ended on 16. Turkish defenders killed 26,000 people and captured 9,000. Russian casualties are about 1 000. The battle of Izmir basically decided the outcome of the Russian-Turkish war.
179 1 In the summer of, suvorov defeated the ground troops of the Turkish army twice, and on June 15, it defeated 23,000 Turkish troops near Baghdad. At the same time, ushakov defeated the Turkish fleet twice. On August 1 1, at Ria Point, Calaque, when most officers and men of the Turkish fleet were attending an Islamic festival on the shore, they launched a surprise attack and dealt a heavy blow to the Turkish fleet. The military operations between the two sides have basically ended. 1792 65438+ 10 In October, Russia and Turkey signed the Peace Treaty of Asia, and Turkey recognized Russia's annexation of Crimea and announced its abandonment of Georgia. At this point, the vast area on the northern shore of the Black Sea was included in the Russian territory.
1787~ 179 1 After the end of the Russian-Turkish war in, Russia realized its ambition to dominate the Black Sea and created a favorable situation for its further aggression and expansion in the Balkans, the Mediterranean and Central Asia. The victory of the Russian army lies in that Catherine II is good at combining diplomacy and military affairs to form a joint force. Make full diplomatic preparations before the war, piece together military alliances, isolate the enemy and avoid fighting on two fronts. In the face of two rivals, Turkey and Sweden, Russia has always used the main force of the southern line to deal with Turkey, and only used a small amount of troops for defense.
This Russian-Turkish war also fully demonstrated the military ideological struggle within the Russian ruling group. Suvorov's offensive thought fully reflects the military requirements of the expansion policy of the czar government. However, the feudal serfdom in Russia decided that although the reformists won more battles in foreign wars, they often lost in the internal struggles of the ruling clique and became victims of the imperial conspiracy.