The difference between psychological counseling and psychotherapy: first, it is analyzed in a broad sense.
(1) different objects
(2) the content is different
(3) Different goals
Psychological counseling:
First of all, we should establish the first step of relational psychological diagnosis, which is also the first condition for the success of psychological counseling, the trust of visitors and the basis for obtaining good counseling results. To this end, consultants should pay attention to the following points:
1. Dress neatly, dress appropriately, behave generously, and behave demurely. Don't be unkempt or gorgeous, with heavy makeup.
2. When meeting, the consultant should get up and say hello, express welcome, care and willingness to help, and be warm, friendly and natural to eliminate the strangeness of the visitors when they meet for the first time.
3. Before the formal conversation, you can briefly introduce yourself. For first-time visitors, counselors should also briefly introduce the nature and principles of psychological counseling, especially the confidentiality principle of respecting privacy, so as to eliminate the nervousness of visitors.
Psychological nursing consultation:
Counselors mainly use listening to start the consultation process, and listening carefully is the decisive factor to establish a good relationship. Consultants should be sincere, enthusiastic, respectful, understanding, and unconditionally pay attention to and accept visitors.
Step 1: Understand the content of problem psychological diagnosis.
The second step is to understand the problems of visitors through their self-reports.
This should mainly pay attention to two aspects:
1. Basic background information of visitors: name, gender, age, academic record, physical health, etc. Family situation: family members' structure, interpersonal relationship and psychological atmosphere, educational methods and attitudes, economic situation, lifestyle, parents' educational level and literacy, etc. Personality characteristics: intelligence level, personality characteristics, temperament type and mental health status; Social adaptation. Understanding the basic situation helps to analyze the social background of their psychological problems. For the name of the visitor, if the visitor really doesn't want to disclose it, the consultant doesn't have to ask, which can completely reassure the visitor.
Second, the psychological problems of visitors. Understanding the psychological problems of visitors is the main task at this stage. Through visitors' self-reports and necessary inquiries, we can understand visitors' personal subjective feelings, behaviors and symptoms, and understand the reasons why they are currently troubled by problems and how serious the problems are. How long will this problem last? What is the cause of the problem? And find out whether he has a clear consciousness and a strong desire for help.
Third, analysis, diagnosis, analysis, diagnosis and understanding are often combined. First of all, it is necessary to find out what kind of problems visitors have, which are study problems, interpersonal problems in life, puberty development problems or love problems. To some extent, it is the emotional anxiety and psychological imbalance of normal people, or personality disorder, neurosis, psychosis and so on. These are all problems that must be paid attention to when analyzing and diagnosing. Psychological diagnosis is mainly based on the observation of visitors' words and deeds, and obtains relevant psychological state from visitors' complaints!