1. Free. Free is the basic feature of government subsidies. The government does not enjoy the ownership of enterprises, and enterprises do not need to repay in the future. Government subsidies usually come with certain conditions. After applying for government subsidies through legal procedures, enterprises shall use the subsidies according to the purposes specified by the government.
3. Direct acquisition of assets. Government subsidy means that enterprises directly obtain assets from the government, including monetary assets and non-monetary assets, forming the income of enterprises. For example, enterprises receive subsidies allocated by the government, taxes refunded in the form of first levy and retreat, land use rights allocated by the administration, natural forests from natural sources, etc.
Government subsidies are classified into asset-related government subsidies and income-related government subsidies according to their relevance. Government subsidies related to assets refer to government subsidies obtained by enterprises for purchasing, building or otherwise forming long-term assets; Government subsidies related to income refer to government subsidies other than those related to assets. For example, some state-owned grain enterprises receive business subsidies from the state after commercial operation, financial support from the state and competent departments for the preliminary work expenses of enterprises such as engineering consultation, feasibility study, planning and design, and government subsidies to support their development in a specific period.
Of course, for enterprises to obtain monetary assets or non-monetary assets from the government for free, it cannot be recognized as government subsidies. According to Article 5 of Accounting Standards for Business EnterprisesNo. 16-Government Subsidies, government subsidies must meet two conditions before they can be confirmed: First, enterprises can meet the conditions attached to government subsidies. Second, enterprises can get government subsidies. There are two accounting methods for government subsidies: income method and capital method. The so-called income method is to include government subsidies in the current income or deferred revenue; The so-called capital law is to incorporate government subsidies into owners' equity. There are two specific methods of income method: gross method and net method. The total amount method recognizes the full amount of government subsidies as income, not as a deduction of the book balance or expenses of related assets. The net method is to recognize government subsidies as the book balance of related assets or the deduction of compensated expenses. The criteria of government subsidies require that the total amount method in the income method reflect the relevant information of government subsidies more truly and completely. In the application guide of accounting standards, it is required to pass the accounts of "other receivables", "non-operating income" and "deferred income". "deferred revenue" accounts for government subsidies that cannot be calculated at one time but should be included in the current profits and losses by stages. Government subsidies included in the current profits and losses are directly included in the "non-operating income" subject; Related to assets or income in the future, first included in the "deferred revenue" subject, and then included in the "non-operating income" subject by stages. Government subsidies obtained by enterprises are recognized as non-operating income because they are part of the inflow of economic benefits in daily activities. However, because it is free of charge and does not meet the confirmation conditions of sales income or labor income, it is included in the "non-operating income" account or included in the "non-operating income" account by stages through the "deferred income" account.
1. Government subsidies related to income.
Income-related government subsidies shall be included in the current profits and losses during the period of compensation for related expenses or losses, that is, if they are used to compensate the expenses or losses of enterprises in future periods, they shall be recognized as deferred revenue at the time of acquisition, and then included in the current non-operating income during the period of confirmation of related expenses; If it is used to compensate the expenses or losses incurred by the enterprise, it will be directly included in the current non-operating income when it is obtained.
Government subsidies obtained by enterprises in their daily activities according to fixed quota standards shall be measured in full according to the receivables, debited to "other receivables" and credited to "non-operating income" (or "deferred revenue"). Government subsidies that are uncertain or obtained in non-daily activities shall be measured according to the amount actually received, debited to "bank deposits" and credited to "non-operating income" (or "deferred income"). Involving the timely distribution of deferred income, debit the subject of "deferred income" and credit the subject of "non-operating income".
For example, in February, 20x6,65438, a company applied for the national R&D subsidy. The relevant contents in the declaration are as follows: The company started the digital printing technology development project in June 20x6, with an estimated total investment of 3.6 million yuan and a construction period of 3 years, with an investment of 6.5438+0.2 million yuan. The project still needs an additional investment of 2.4 million yuan (including the purchase of fixed assets of 800,000 yuan, site lease of 400,000 yuan, personnel of 6.5438+0.000 yuan and marketing of 200,000 yuan), and it is planned to raise 6.5438+0.2 million yuan by itself and apply for financial allocation of 6.5438+0.2 million yuan.
20x 7 65438+ 10/month 1, the competent department approved a company's application and signed a subsidy agreement, which stipulated that a company's subsidy application was approved, and the subsidy amount was 6.5438+0.2 million yuan, which was paid in two phases. 600,000 yuan will be allocated on the day when the contract is signed, and 600,000 yuan will be paid when the project is accepted.
The accounting treatment of a company is as follows.
(1) (1)10 +0, 65438 out of 20x7+65438, actually received 600,000 yuan:
Debit: Bank 600,000.
Loan: deferred income of 600,000 yuan.
2 2 20x7 65438+1 0/to 20x 9 65438+ 10/:
At each balance sheet date, deferred income is distributed (assuming annual distribution).
Debit: Deferred income of 300,000 yuan.
Loan: non-operating income of 300,000 yuan.
The project was completed in 20x9 and passed the acceptance. On May 1 day, 600,000 yuan was actually allocated:
Debit: Bank 600,000.
Loan: non-operating income of 600,000 yuan.
Government subsidies related to assets.
Government subsidies related to assets obtained by enterprises cannot be fully recognized as current income, and should be gradually included in the income in future periods with the use of related assets. That is to say, this kind of subsidy should be recognized as deferred revenue first, and then distributed evenly within the service life of the relevant assets from the time when the relevant assets are available for use, and included in the current non-operating income. Government subsidies related to assets are usually monetary assets, and enterprises should debit "bank deposits" and other subjects and credit "deferred revenue" subjects according to the actual amount received. When government subsidies are used for the purchase and construction of long-term assets, the purchase and construction of related long-term assets are consistent with the normal asset purchase and construction or R&D treatment of enterprises, and are collected through subjects such as "construction in progress" and "R&D expenditure", and then converted into fixed assets or intangible assets after completion. When the related long-term assets are available for use, when the related assets are depreciated or amortized, the average distribution of deferred income will be transferred to the current profit and loss according to the expected service life of the long-term assets, and the "deferred income" account will be debited and credited to the "non-operating income" account. Relevant assets are disposed of (sold, transferred, scrapped, etc.). ) At or before the end of the service life, the undistributed deferred revenue balance will be transferred to the current income of asset disposal in one lump sum and will not be deferred.
Example: 20x 1 year in February, Enterprise A needs to buy an environmental protection equipment with an estimated value of 5 million yuan. Due to insufficient funds, we applied to the relevant departments for a subsidy of 265,438+10,000 yuan according to relevant regulations. On 20x 1 March1day, the government approved the application of enterprise A, and allocated the financial allocation of 265,438+ten thousand yuan to enterprise A (received on the same day). On April 30th, 20x 1 year, Enterprise A purchased environmental protection equipment without installation, and actually spent 4.8 million yuan, with a service life of 10 year. Use the straight-line depreciation method (assuming no residual value).
In April of 20x9, Enterprise A sold the equipment and obtained the price of 6,543,800 yuan+0.2 million yuan. (regardless of other factors)
The accounting treatment of enterprise A is as follows:
On (1) 20x1March1day, the financial allocation was actually received, and the government subsidy was confirmed:
Debit: Bank deposit 2 100000.
Loan: deferred income 2 100000.
Two 20x 1 devices purchased on April 30th:
Debit: Fixed assets of 4.8 million yuan.
Loan: 4.8 million yuan in bank deposit.
(3) Depreciation shall be accrued on each balance sheet date (end of month) from May of 20x 1 year, and deferred revenue shall be shared at the same time:
① Depreciation accrual:
Debit: management fee is 40,000 yuan.
Loan: accumulated depreciation is 40,000.
② Share deferred revenue (end of month):
Borrow: deferred revenue 17500.
Loan: non-operating income 17500
(4) Sell the equipment in April 20x9 and resell the deferred income balance at the same time:
(1) Sales equipment:
Debit: 960,000 yuan of fixed assets was cleared.
Accumulated depreciation is 3840000.
Loan: fixed assets of 4.8 million.
Debit: bank deposit 1200000.
Loan: 960,000 yuan of fixed assets were cleared.
Non-operating income is 240,000.
(2) reselling deferred revenue balance:
Debit: Deferred income of 420,000.
Loan: Non-operating income is 420,000 yuan.
In rare cases, government subsidies related to assets may also show that the government distributes long-term non-monetary assets to enterprises free of charge, and should confirm and measure them according to their fair values when actually acquiring assets and completing relevant transfer procedures. If the value indicated in the relevant documents of the assets is not much different from the fair value, the value indicated in the relevant documents shall be taken as the fair value; There is no significant difference between the value and the fair value, but if there is an active market, the fair value shall be determined on the basis of the market price of similar or similar assets with conclusive evidence. If the fair value cannot be obtained reliably, it shall be measured according to the nominal amount (1 yuan).
If the government subsidy obtained by an enterprise is a non-monetary asset, an asset (fixed asset or intangible asset, etc.) shall be confirmed first. ) and deferred revenue, and then the deferred revenue will be shared equally within the service life of the relevant assets and included in the current income. However, government subsidies measured in nominal amount are included in the current income when they are obtained.