Elaboration of contingency thought

Contingency management thought has been put forward in the theories of ancient great thinkers such as Confucius, Sun Tzu and Woods, especially Confucius and Sun Tzu's contingency management thought, which has produced and is producing great influence all over the world. 1. Overview of China's contingency theory (1) contingency. Contingency means that managers should vary from person to person, from time to time and from place to place, be flexible rather than rigid, and be changeable rather than single, so that they can weigh the weight and use management methods according to the situation. In other words, managers should determine the most effective management method according to the functional relationship between the independent variables of the environment and the dependent variables of management methods. The meaning of contingency theory includes the following three aspects: ① Assess the situation. That is, look at opportunities and try to figure out the situation. Because things are always changing, reason is poor, and everyone has his own interests. "The soldiers have no potential, and the water is impermanent." We should be good at analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of competitors, understand the market rules, the trend of workers' value and consumer demand, internal and external conditions, and determine the best management model. ② It varies from person to person, from time to time and from place to place. It doesn't vary from person to person, from time to time and from place to place, which is what we often call "one size fits all". "Knife cutting" is an abstract way of thinking, which is incompatible with contingency theory. The "one size fits all" way of thinking can't and won't analyze specific problems, and is satisfied with the prescribed rough procedures and labels. As for observing people's feelings, understanding people's views, giving people information and the similarities and differences of needs, these are all unknown to managers, which leads them to become rigid and dogmatic. As a smart manager, you should manage the contingency of different places according to people, time and place. ③ Rationalization. The purpose of contingency management is by no means flashy and grandstanding, but to adopt different management methods through understanding and understanding of different management objects. Japanese scholar Takeuchi believes that national modernization means the rationalization of state power institutions, economic modernization means the rationalization of the development of workers and peasants, social modernization means the recognition of basic equality of human beings, and human modernization means the establishment of human subjectivity. Whether it is appropriate to put rationalization so high in Takeuchi is another matter, but rationalization as the connotation of contingency theory is unshakable. (2) The situation of contingency theory. It is very important to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of employees and create a positive situation for enterprise development. The decisive factor of positive situation in enterprise development can be expressed as: situation = f (people, environment, flexibility, quality, novelty). It can be seen that the situation is a function of five factors: people, environment, flexibility, quality and novelty. In other words, if an enterprise wants to be in a positive situation, it should be the comprehensive result of the improvement of people's quality, the necessary good environment, the flexibility of time and place, the trustworthy quality and the novel and unique products. The details are as follows: ① Human factors. Sun Bin, an ancient military strategist in China, put forward the conclusion that "heaven and earth are more valuable than human beings", aiming at cultivating elite soldiers and improving the combat effectiveness of the troops. As an enterprise, the quality of employees and commanders is often very important. Sun Bin's requirements for generals are "the winner will act arbitrarily" (he has full authority to command the operation in a unified way), "knowing it" (he knows the operational rules), "winning the trust of the soldiers", "reconciling the left and right" (the generals are United) and "measuring the risks of the enemy" (he is good at winning by the enemy), so that the soldiers can win the battle in unison, while the requirements for soldiers are "usurping the good and taking the good". As managers and employees of enterprises, you don't need such a good soldier! ② Environmental factors. As far as the social environment is concerned, a competitive situation must be formed. Specifically, there must be such an environment: first, the pace of corporate environment changes is accelerating, and the pace of market changes and consumer demand changes is also accelerating; Second, on the day of drastic changes, it is risky to judge and formulate policies only by linear trends. Under the new situation, enterprises must analyze the trend of vertical and horizontal intersection; Third, after consumers' basic needs are met, they buy more consumer goods from the perspective of personality; Fourth, society has changed from a nature based on large-scale commodity production to a nature based on advanced technology and extremely complex and intensive information exchange. These environmental factors push enterprises to the top of contingency, and it is difficult for enterprises to survive without adapting to the situation. The single business strategy of contemporary enterprises entering the market circle with a single product has been broken by the increasingly fierce market competition. Enterprises must enhance their flexibility and adopt new strategies to meet their own growth needs. "Diversification strategy", that is, all kinds of strategies must be analyzed in detail and applied flexibly, not blindly. This strategy has many advantages, such as spreading risks (the failure of one product can be compensated by the success of another product), using spare capacity, using auxiliary products and saving the same cost. ④ Quality factors. Sun Tzu said, "The nature of wood and stone is quiet when it is safe, moving when it is in danger, and stopping when it is round." Turn the boulder on a thousand miles mountain and it will fly down, forming a high-speed movement to strengthen the impact and energy and form a potential; And if it's a square stone, it can't roll to form a potential. Square and circle are quality problems. The quality factors of enterprise products include two aspects: first, quality and quantity, high quality and high quantity, good quality and low price, which make the reputation of enterprise products increase day by day; The second is to provide consumers with quality service, quality warranty and quality consultation, so that consumers can have feelings for the manufacturers of products. ⑤ Novel factors. The "surprise" of enterprise products has permanent charm. "Therefore, those who are good and amazing are infinite as heaven and earth, and inexhaustible as rivers." He is good at winning by surprise, and the tactical changes are endless, such as heaven and earth and rivers. Contemporary new products are all surprises.