Engineering construction has the characteristics of complex relationship between participants and vague subject of risk responsibility, and risk management often presents the characteristics of fragmentation and contradiction interweaving. However, complex risks may be superimposed and amplified, or offset and reduced-different from traditional risk management, all-round risk management requires breaking the fragmented single risk management model and changing passive risk transfer and avoidance into active risk control and optimization.
From the aspects involved in risk management, the macro-strategy of comprehensive risk management of construction projects includes administrative means, economic means and technical means.
1, administrative means
As the builder and perfecter of the construction market, the government's main responsibility in all-round risk management of construction projects is to clarify the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved in the project, and comprehensively enhance risk awareness by balancing the rights, responsibilities and interests of all parties involved.
Government guidance: With the development of market economy, the management of government functions has changed from the way of administrative orders and instructions to the way of system and rule management. At present, China has established a risk management system consisting of project bidding, project management and completion acceptance filing system through the regulations on project construction management. Mature and standardized construction market usually manages market subjects through standardized contracts. In the future, the government can improve standardized contracts to ensure the standardization of risk management and the maturity of market transactions.
Accountability: In addition to the guidance of risk management, accountability for risks is also an important manifestation of government functions. For example, the Interim Measures for the Lifetime Responsibility Investigation of Project Leaders with Five-Party Responsibility in Construction Projects issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on 20 14 strengthened the main responsibilities of project participants, and ensured the traceability of quality responsibilities and controllable quality risks through the implementation of the responsibility system and backtracking system. With the further clarification of regulatory responsibility and main responsibility, the government will return to the main position of regulatory responsibility in the future, such as setting up a "blacklist" system to effectively control the qualifications of contractors, improving bidding procedures to improve the efficiency of construction transactions, and leaving the risks in the market to the market to solve.
2. Economic means
With the marketization process of the construction industry, it has become an inevitable proposition for the development of the construction industry to effectively solve the market economy problems and strengthen the risk management of engineering construction projects by using the market mechanism.
Using economic means to realize the risk management of construction projects mainly depends on the market competition rules of survival of the fittest and the closed-loop management of market and field linkage. At present, the phenomenon that "bad money drives out good money" and the current situation that "the quality and safety of construction site will not affect the development of enterprise market business" in the lowest bid method require the construction market to optimize closed-loop management: only by forming a market mechanism that good money drives out bad money and a binding mechanism between "construction market" and "construction site" can the construction market develop healthily.
The essence of market economy is contract economy, and the realization of freedom principle in contract conclusion, good faith principle in contract execution and compensation principle in contract damage urgently needs the perfection of industry good faith system. In fact, market competition rules and market closed-loop management also depend on the credit system. In other words, the development of market economy is inseparable from the positive role of credit in the optimal allocation of social resources.
In addition, the floating rate mechanism of engineering insurance is also an important economic means of risk management of construction projects. For example, FIDIC civil engineering construction contract, which is widely used in the world, clearly stipulates the risks of owners, contractors and engineers and the types of insurance that must be insured. Differentiated floating premium can also force the insured to keep his promise and perform the contract through economic means.
3. Technical means
In order to comprehensively manage risks, all parties should also master various risk management technologies, including risk identification, risk estimation, risk assessment and risk control, when performing risk supervision and main responsibilities.
All parties involved in the project construction should try their best to choose more economical, reasonable and effective methods to reduce or avoid the occurrence of risk events, collect and save the risk situation in the construction stage, and the relevant risk-taking and management parties should formulate corresponding risk control countermeasures; It is also possible to transfer risks by purchasing engineering insurance, and then the insurance company will introduce independent engineering insurance technical institutions to carry out risk management, such as cooperating with construction engineering quality risk management institutions to implement risk management in the underwriting process of engineering quality insurance.
For engineering insurance technical institutions, risk management technology includes survey and design insurance technology, bidding insurance technology, construction performance insurance technology, engineering quality insurance technology and engineering safety insurance technology. On this basis, mechanisms can be established for pre-prevention, in-process control, risk early warning and post-event appraisal and evaluation.
As an international practice of risk management, the wide application of engineering insurance is an important guarantee for the implementation of risk management system. As one of the key technical forces, engineering insurance technical institutions can also assist the operation of floating rate mechanism: according to the possible risk factors of insured enterprises and projects, suggest underwriting rates and refuse insurance for insured enterprises with greater risks.
Building administration is an effective way to control the risk of construction projects. At the same time, we should also use economic leverage to restrain, influence and guide the realization of risk management objectives; In addition, technical strength is also a prerequisite to ensure the efficiency of risk management. Under the comprehensive effect of administrative, economic and technical means, the all-round risk management of construction projects has achieved fruitful results.