20 15, participated in the company's 13th Five-Year IT strategic planning. At that time, I didn't know much about the methodology of strategic planning, mainly led by consulting companies. Recently, I participated in the revision of IT strategic planning, hoping to make IT better and more perfect, so I carefully studied the IT strategic planning project methodology of the next four consulting companies (most of the data came from Baidu Library). After all, these consulting companies are very good at organizing disorderly project work into a structured methodology. Judging from the methodology of each planning, the routines are basically similar. According to these planning methodologies, a company's IT strategic planning will gradually become clear.
IT strategy: formulate the vision, goal and required ability of informatization, and give the guiding principles of informatization construction;
IT architecture: sketch the application system architecture, integrated technology architecture and infrastructure target blueprint needed to achieve IT strategic goals;
IT management and control: build an overall IT management and control model, define the IT organizational structure, functions and responsibilities of key positions, and define the IT management process framework and IT evaluation and audit mechanism.
Generally speaking, after the project is started, the whole planning project will be divided into four key steps: analyzing the business and IT status, determining the IT strategic direction, designing the future IT blueprint, and making the IT strategic implementation plan. Each stage will complete a series of tasks and submit corresponding work results.
In the whole project process, the most critical and core is the future IT blueprint design stage. The project team will make full use of Accenture's profound understanding of business development trends and technology development trends, and refer to various advanced experiences of domestic industry organizations in the informatization process to design the future IT blueprint for customers on the basis of understanding the customer's business strategy, business status, IT status and existing IT project plans.
At this stage, Accenture's most important task is to further clarify and determine the scope of the project through in-depth communication with the customer's project leader, and make a reasonable project plan on this basis. At the same time, Accenture and customers need to allocate corresponding resources for the project as soon as possible.
The most important achievement in the start-up stage of the project is to make clear the feasible project plan.
In the state analysis and diagnosis stage, Accenture project team will further understand the characteristics of customers' business processes based on Accenture's existing understanding of tax business, so as to understand the main problems and needs related to information technology faced by customers at all levels.
On the other hand, IT is more important to understand and analyze the customer's current IT architecture (including data architecture, application system architecture and IT infrastructure) and IT management and control mode (including IT department's business process, IT department's organization and management and control mode, etc.). ), so as to fully understand the customer's existing IT capabilities.
Through the investigation of the customer's business and information technology, the project team will have a basic understanding of the customer's business and information technology, and understand the customer's strengths and weaknesses.
In the stage of condition analysis and diagnosis, the project team will read a large number of documents and materials provided by customers, and conduct a series of interviews with the main business departments and information technology departments of customers.
The most important achievement of the state analysis and diagnosis stage is the state analysis report. On the one hand, this report should describe the basic situation of business and information technology, on the other hand, it is more important to determine the most important needs of business for information technology and some of the most important problems facing the information technology field.
Will we pass by the right? Interview key leaders of customers to understand their business strategies. On the basis of analyzing the current situation of customers' business and information technology, understanding the development strategy of customers' business, combining Accenture's global tax consulting experience and deep understanding of information technology, and referring to advanced practical experience at home and abroad, the project team will formulate the customer's IT strategic direction.
We assume that the customer has defined the business development strategy and formed the corresponding documents. So our interview is only to further confirm the limited problems with the main leaders of customers. After we confirm and define the business strategy and IT strategic direction, we will also confirm the results with the main leaders of the customers.
As mentioned above, deciding a customer's IT strategy is actually to analyze the requirements of business strategy for information technology, so as to determine the customer's IT vision, key IT objectives, required IT capabilities and the role IT should play in the customer.
After determining the strategic direction of IT, we will also form some important guiding principles and basic ideas for drawing up IT blueprints according to customers' current situation, strategic objectives and advanced practical experience.
The strategic direction, guiding principles and preliminary design ideas determined by the project team will be fully communicated with customers, and after being confirmed by customers, these principles and preliminary ideas will be used to guide the next stage of IT blueprint design.
The main task of this stage is to design the customer's future IT architecture and its supporting IT management and control model. IT architecture includes data architecture, application system architecture and IT infrastructure (hardware equipment, system software and network, etc.). ), and the IT control mode includes IT organization, IT process and IT performance management.
Business needs information technology, and information technology will provide new possibilities for business development. Therefore, when designing the future IT blueprint, it may be found that some business processes need to be adjusted and optimized. Suggestions for process improvement will also be completed at this stage.
According to the analysis results and confirmed by Shenzhen national tax, the project team will define the customer's information technology capability and IT architecture blueprint. The defined IT architecture covers the following aspects:
Data-determine the main data sources and data streams (data distribution and data interface), on the one hand, it corresponds the application system with the business process, on the other hand, it supports the business process and information flow between application systems.
Application system-includes not only the functional description of each application system, but also the integration and integration architecture of application systems.
Information technology infrastructure-explain the main hardware, system software and facilities supporting the application system, and outline the network structure and network resource requirements.
In order to manage, implement and support the defined IT architecture, it is necessary to effectively control information technology. The IT control mode mainly includes the following elements:
IT business processes-define business processes, such as the planning, construction and maintenance of IT systems, and related decision-making and financial responsibilities.
Organizational model of IT department-Define the organizational structure, roles and responsibilities of IT department and the relationship between IT department and other business departments.
Performance objectives and assessment indicators of IT departments-define business performance indicators to guide the management of IT organizations.
IT business specifications and standards-determine the principles used to guide the implementation and performance monitoring of IT systems (such as defining service levels and system development standards, etc.). ).
Analyze the gap between the customer's future IT blueprint and the current situation, determine the difficulty and priority of these gaps, put forward the customer's IT system integration candidate scheme, comprehensively compare and analyze the candidate schemes, and put forward the proposal scheme. According to the integration plan, determine the IT projects that customers need to implement in the next three years, and the timing, interdependence, project schedule and required resources of each project in the implementation stage.
We will also work closely with customers in the project to determine the appropriate implementation strategy, implementation guiding principles, method support required for implementation and guarantee conditions that customers need to provide according to their business strategies and business needs.
During the project process, after each stage, the project team will submit corresponding reports as the work results of that stage, and all these reports and corresponding process documents constitute the deliverable of the whole project.
In order to help customers better understand the work results that we will submit after the end of this project, the following is a preliminary description of the results that will be delivered by this planned project, and some examples of the results are given.
The main achievement of the project start-up stage is the project plan, which mainly includes:
Project progress plan
Project resource planning and responsibility definition
Project quality plan
Project document template
An example of the project schedule can be found in the "Project Schedule" section of this project proposal.
On the one hand, the task of the status quo analysis stage is to understand the customer's business characteristics and business requirements for information technology, on the other hand, to understand the customer's existing IT architecture and IT management and control model. The work result of the status quo analysis stage is the status quo analysis report.
On the basis of understanding the current situation of customers' business and information technology, combined with Accenture's profound understanding of tax industry and information technology, the project team will put forward the future strategic direction of customers' information technology development. The corresponding conclusions will be included in the current situation analysis report and submitted together.
The status quo analysis report mainly includes the following contents:
Overview of customer's business situation
Key requirements of enterprises for information technology
Customer's existing IT architecture; Include data architecture, application system architecture and infrastructure.
The current situation of customer IT management and control; Including IT business process, IT department's organizational model, IT department's performance objectives and assessment indicators, as well as IT business norms and standards.
Strategic direction, guiding principles and preliminary ideas of customer information technology development
The focus of the status report is to find the problem. In addition to the detailed status description, the status report will also summarize some key findings of the project team in business processes, business requirements, IT architecture and IT management and control, and put forward the strategic direction, guiding principles and some preliminary ideas of the customer's IT development in a focused and targeted manner, laying the foundation for the next blueprint design.
The main task of blueprint design stage is to put forward necessary business process improvement or process reengineering suggestions according to the results of current situation analysis and under the guidance of IT development strategic direction and guiding principles, and design customers' future IT architecture and IT management and control mechanism.
The main achievement of the blueprint design stage is the blueprint design report. The report will contain the following basic contents:
Suggestions for business process improvement
Future data architecture
Future application system architecture: including the functional distribution of application systems, descriptions of main application systems, suggestions on migration paths of main application systems, application system integration and integration architecture, etc.
Future infrastructure architecture; Including network, hardware, system software and the basic principles of operation, maintenance, development and security.
Future IT management and control mechanism; Including the definition of major IT business processes, the organizational structure of IT departments, the performance appraisal and assessment indicators of IT departments, IT business norms, etc.
For customers, the integration and integration of application systems will be a particularly prominent problem to be solved in the future blueprint design, and this work will be reflected in the "future application system architecture" section.
After making the customer's IT blueprint, the project team will analyze the gap between the customer's future IT blueprint and the current situation, and determine the difficulty and priority of these gaps. Put forward the customer's IT system integration candidate scheme, and comprehensively compare and analyze the candidate schemes, and put forward the proposed scheme. According to the integration plan, determine the IT projects that customers need to implement in the next three years, and the timing, interdependence, project schedule and required resources of each project in the implementation stage.
The main gap between the status quo and the blueprint
Overall implementation plan: Project Department; Overall stage division; Time arrangement, resource demand and expected effect of each stage; Key factors in the implementation process
Project definition: define and analyze the scope, objectives, resource requirements, costs and benefits of major projects.
Engineering management methods in the process of project implementation
Example of overall implementation plan: