A brief history of the development of engineering consulting industry
It began in the second half of the19th century and first appeared in the construction industry.
The development of international engineering consulting industry has roughly gone through three stages: one is personal consulting period; The second is the partner consultation period; The third is the comprehensive consultation period.
Three major changes have taken place in the engineering consulting industry: from professional consulting to comprehensive consulting, from engineering technology consulting to strategic consulting, and from domestic consulting to international consulting.
Second, the status quo and development trend of international engineering consulting industry
(A) the status quo and characteristics
A comprehensive survey of the development of engineering consulting industry in various countries in the world can be summarized into the following four characteristics.
1. The engineering consulting industry in developed countries has obvious advantages.
The engineering consulting industry in Germany and France has a long history. At present, the size of consulting institutions in these two countries is in a bipolar distribution state, and the trend is to develop to large and small companies.
First, it has gradually developed into a large-scale comprehensive consulting organization with a relatively small scale.
The second is to develop into a miniaturized consulting organization with certain professional and technical expertise.
2. The international engineering market is highly competitive.
3. The engineering consulting industry in developing countries is on the rise.
International communication is becoming more and more frequent.
(B) the state's support policies for the engineering consulting industry in two aspects
1. The state formulates laws and regulations to protect and support the domestic consulting industry.
2. The government encourages and supports the consulting industry to develop overseas in various forms, such as funding, investment, providing technology and information.
(C) the prospects of the international engineering consulting industry
The mainstream of today's world is peace and development. Looking ahead, the development of international engineering consulting industry faces some new opportunities and characteristics. three
(1) The economic situation and development strategies of all countries in the world will promote the development of engineering consulting industry.
(2) Emerging international engineering consulting markets will emerge in some countries and regions.
(3) There are new trends and new features in international engineering consulting business.
At present, there are two major trends in the international engineering consulting industry: one is the diversification of enterprise functions. The second is large enterprises. On the one hand, due to the increase of enterprise functions, on the other hand, due to the increasing scale of the project, the requirements for enterprise technical ability and anti-risk ability are getting higher and higher.
At present, the outstanding problems faced by the engineering consulting industry are: 5
Although economic globalization provides opportunities for engineering consulting enterprises to expand their business, many new forms and problems have emerged in business cooperation and competition, which challenges the adaptability of engineering consulting enterprises.
With the development of knowledge economy and the acceleration of technological progress, it is increasingly difficult for a single engineering consulting enterprise to meet the growing needs of customers.
③ Ecological environment and sustainable development are playing an increasingly important role in engineering consultation.
(4) Political and cultural conflicts between countries make engineering consulting services go beyond the scope of pure technology, which often requires engineering consulting companies to do something in eliminating cultural barriers, dealing with more political issues and formulating policies.
⑤ Industry boundaries tend to be blurred, and traditional fields are threatened by "invasion".
Third, the status quo and development of engineering consulting industry in China
(A) the historical review of China's engineering consulting industry
China's engineering consulting industry has generally experienced two historical stages: First, during the planned economy period, the state established a large number of engineering survey and design units to engage in large and medium-sized engineering survey and design in New China. Second, during the period of market economy and junior high school of reform and opening-up, various ministries, provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have set up engineering consulting companies. 1992 the establishment of China engineering consulting association marks the formal formation of engineering consulting industry in China.
(2) Engineering consulting institutions in China
According to their nature and scope of work, engineering consulting institutions in China generally have the following categories: 4 categories.
1. Comprehensive engineering consulting organization
This kind of engineering consulting institutions include national and regional. National comprehensive engineering consulting institutions have a wide range of specialties, and can play a comprehensive consulting role across regions, departments, industries and disciplines. Regional comprehensive engineering consulting institutions mainly refer to comprehensive engineering consulting companies or consulting centers (institutes) established by comprehensive economic and planning management departments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities under separate state planning, special economic zones and regional administrative offices.
2. Professional engineering consulting institutions
Most of these institutions are established on the basis of professional design institutes (institutes), mainly to provide professional engineering consulting services for a certain field or industry.
3 consulting institutions engaged in phased services
Some of these consulting institutions (1) are bidding institutions for loan projects from international financial organizations, some are institutions for purchasing complete sets of equipment for domestic projects and other services, and some are service institutions established by banks and science and technology departments to engage in loan evaluation and technical consultation.
4. Consulting services based on construction supervision.
3) China's engineering consulting industry has six development prospects.
The further development of engineering consulting industry in China will emphasize the following aspects:
1. Change the concept and mechanism, and establish the engineering consulting industry to meet the needs of market economy.
2. Further enhance service awareness and improve the quality of engineering consulting.
3. Strengthen information work and expand sources of technical and market information.
4. Carry out relevant theoretical research to improve the professional level of engineering consulting.
5. Keep up with the development of the world consulting industry, enhance the competitiveness of the international market, and vigorously develop international engineering consulting.
6. Cultivate compound, export-oriented and pioneering international engineering management talents.
(D) China's accession to the WTO has three effects on the domestic engineering consulting industry.
1. The engineering consulting industry is open to the outside world
WTO regulations on engineering consulting industry come from the General Agreement on Trade in Services and the Agreement on Government Procurement. The General Agreement on Trade in Services stipulates the basic principles of service trade among members, including the principle of 4 most-favored-nation treatment, the principle of transparency, the principle of gradual liberalization different from trade in goods, and the principle of more participation of developing countries, and stipulates the obligations that all members must abide by in terms of market access, national treatment and dispute settlement. The Agreement on Government Procurement stipulates three principles: non-discrimination, transparency and differential treatment for developing countries, with the aim of strengthening and ensuring fairness and non-discrimination in government procurement.
2. The competition in the engineering consulting market is increasingly fierce.
3. The development of engineering consulting industry brings opportunities.
?