1 The methods and characteristics of reservoir management and dam safety monitoring in China at present are analyzed.
In view of the fact that there are two main methods for reservoir management and dam safety monitoring in China at present, the first is manual inspection, and the second is instrument monitoring. Firstly, the manual inspection methods are explained, which are generally divided into daily inspection, regular inspection and special period inspection. The monitoring of instruments and equipment is mainly carried out in some typical road sections, but this instrument monitoring method has certain limitations, and many problems with poor representativeness cannot be monitored. Therefore, it is necessary to combine manual patrol monitoring with instrument and equipment monitoring to better ensure the safe operation of the dam.
However, if only some machinery and instruments are used for dam safety monitoring, due to the great limitations of instrument monitoring and the limited development of monitoring instruments in China, many dam monitoring equipment can only monitor the dam in a small range. This reminds us that monitoring means and methods should be as diverse as possible. Only in this way can dam safety monitoring and reservoir management be more scientific and perfect. It can also ensure the safety of the dam and do a good job in the safety management of water conservancy projects.
2 reservoir dam safety management methods
2. 1 The legal system construction of reservoir dam safety management needs to be continuously improved. In view of the current laws and regulations of water conservancy projects in China, such as reservoir management and dam construction, it is urgent to improve them in order to better ensure that reservoir management has laws to follow. So as to ensure the safety of the whole reservoir dam. In addition to some common management regulations on dam reinforcement, the reference system for dam safety monitoring and equipment repair needs to be refined and improved continuously, so as to better ensure the engineering quality.
2.2 Constantly improve the basic quality and ability of personnel related to reservoirs and dams. Whether it is a large reservoir or a small reservoir, the requirements for the post of staff must be strictly improved, and the requirements for holding certificates must not be broken. For those examination systems and requirements, it is also necessary to strictly standardize, and the Ministry of Water Resources will conduct unified assessment and organize training. Those who pass the examination will be certified to ensure the safety of water conservancy projects.
2.3 Constantly accelerate the dam information construction. In this information age, no matter any project is inseparable from the integration of information, so is dam monitoring management. The analysis and processing of dam monitoring data is an important embodiment of informatization. In addition, through the promotion of informatization, the safety prediction and prevention of dams can be better guaranteed, and the safety management of reservoirs and dam safety monitoring can be better realized.
Analysis on characteristics of dam safety monitoring
In fact, dam safety monitoring is mainly reflected in strong pertinence. And pertinence is also reflected in time and space.
3. 1 has a strong pertinence in time. The so-called pertinence in time actually refers to the safety monitoring when there are many problems in the reservoir dam. According to the current data analysis and years of experience, the dam is most prone to problems and safety hazards in the initial stage of new storage and the period when its life is approaching aging. Therefore, in these periods, it is very necessary to attract our attention and attention. In the initial stage of new dam impoundment, the design parameters should be rechecked and the engineering quality should be monitored. Similarly, in the aging period of the dam, attention should be paid to the monitoring of dam materials to ensure the stability of the dam, so as not to cause problems in the whole dam due to aging, thus ensuring the normal and safe operation of the dam.
3.2 Targeted dam safety monitoring In terms of the composition of the dam in space, the composition of the dam is generally divided into dam body, dam foundation and abutment. Therefore, the dam safety monitoring space will also become more targeted. The harmony and stability of these three parts is the most important. The dam foundation should be laid well, which is the foundation of the stability of the whole dam. In dam construction, we should pay full attention to the firmness of dam materials and fully support the dam. In addition, the abutment must be stable to balance the stability of the whole dam. In this way, the safety monitoring can be more targeted, and the relevant inspectors can monitor it more easily and more targeted.
4. The scope and significance of reservoir safety management and dam safety monitoring.
Dam safety monitoring is a common and important link in daily supervision, which is conducive to ensuring the safe operation of the reservoir and the safety of people's lives and property downstream. The main means of large class safety monitoring is to install safety monitoring instruments around the dam, which is convenient for staff to monitor the dam. This is mainly because the structure of the dam itself is very special and complicated, and the surrounding environmental factors are complicated, so special attention should be paid to safety issues. Workers can judge whether there are hidden dangers such as leakage and seepage pressure in the dam body through the data transmitted by the testing instrument, and they can deal with the problems in time to prevent more serious safety problems.
When the dam is in the storage period, the focus of safety monitoring should be on the dam top, because small cracks are easy to appear on the dam top at this time. When the water level rises, the cracks at the top will become larger due to water erosion, which will seriously affect the safety of the dam. Under normal circumstances, cracks will appear in newly-built dams when they are impounded for the first time. Therefore, safety monitoring personnel are required to pay special attention to the safety inspection during impoundment, increase the number of personnel and inspections, and make the dam run safely.
After the dam is put into normal use, the daily safety inspection and maintenance of the dam cannot be ignored. We should always pay attention to the data transmitted by the test instrument. When there are potential safety hazards, technicians should be arranged to check in time to nip them in the bud.
In the aspect of dam safety inspection, we should collect a lot of information such as local meteorological climate, geographical environment, water permeability of rock structure in the reservoir area, hydrological characteristics, rainy season and flood season, flood warning system and reservoir dispatching, and provide a lot of effective reference data for safety monitoring personnel to ensure dam safety and safe operation of the reservoir.
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