Where is the birthplace of Wu culture?

Overview of Wu culture Suzhou is the birthplace of Wu culture. Wu culture is the inheritance culture of Wu land and Wu people. Generally speaking, Liang Wudi is centered on Taihu Lake Basin, with Nanjing in the west, Yangzhou and Huaiyin in in the north, Shanghai in the east and Zhejiang in the south. In Wu dialect, it can reach Wenzhou and Yongjia in Zhejiang Province in the south, Shanghai in the east, a 100-mile-wide area from Nantong to Yangzhou in the north, and the junction of Zhenjiang and Danyang in the west. The discovery of the late Paleolithic site in Sanshan Island, Wuxian County, Taihu Lake more than 10,000 years ago shows that at least from then on, Wu Xianmin lived and multiplied in this area. In recent years, many Neolithic ancestral sites have been discovered in Zhangjiagang, near the Yangtze River, with the earliest history of 7000 years. The Caoxieshan site in Wuxian County (10 cultural layer) next to Yangcheng Lake can fully explain the historical evolution of this area. The tenth cultural level is about 67,000 or 800 years ago, and our ancestors lived a settled life. Live in a wooden house; Engaged in fishery and agricultural production, planted a large number of artificially cultivated japonica rice; Livestock such as pigs, dogs and buffaloes have been raised; From the three pieces of textile fragments obtained, we can know that the weaving technology was quite developed, the pattern art was quite superb and the operation technology was quite exquisite. Silk ribbons unearthed from the former Sanyang site in Xing Wu more than 5,000 years ago show that Wu people were the first to raise silkworms. Slow silk weaving technology not only originated in this area, but also far ahead of the whole country and the world. This site also unearthed the agricultural tools of 5000 years ago-provincial river mud cadres, which shows that the agricultural technology level in this area has long been in the most advanced position in the country. Another example is Wujiang Haiyan and tuanjie village painted pottery, which was five or six thousand years ago. What amazes the world even more is that the jades of the two port cultures (there are a lot of discoveries in Qiantang River basin) are all listed as exquisite treasures. This "jade culture" not only shows the wisdom and production level of ancestors of Wu Yue, but also has a great influence on our Chinese nation in many aspects, such as ideology, social system, national character, architectural style, aesthetic taste and so on. Archaeology and ancient history tell us that there have been two major floods in this area in history. One of our ancestors crossed the sea to the north and the other crossed the river into the Central Plains, with a large number of people, and a few stayed at the foothills of the platform. Historical names such as "Jiuli" and "Sanmiao" that entered Huaibei Central Plains were conquered and surrendered by Huangdi, Yao, Shun and Yu, and gradually merged into a branch of the Chinese nation. A small number of branches originally left on the slope have gradually developed and grown. In the Zhou Dynasty, Ningzhen and the ancestors of Taihu Lake merged into one-the famous State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. On the basis of inheriting Liangqing culture, it also blended into Central Plains culture in the north, Chu culture in the west and Yue culture in the south to a certain extent, creating Wu culture which is of great significance not only in China but also in the world, that is, a very important historical stage in Wu culture. Limited by space, I would like to mention only two outstanding aspects: First, the military field was at the forefront of China at that time. Wu not only has tens of thousands of elite soldiers, but also has a powerful water army. Its main battleship is ten feet long, with as many as a hundred chariots each. The elite of Wu weapons was second to none at that time. What's more, it gave birth to Sun Wu, an outstanding military strategist, and his masterpiece The Art of War, which still has great vitality. Second, the land and water double chessboard pattern of Gusu City supervised by Wu Zixu is "the first ancient city in China history", which has remained its original appearance for 2,500 years. It is a hard-to-find spouse not only in China, but also in the world! Due to the great differences in the natural environment between the north and the south of China, especially in the Taihu Lake Basin and Zeguo, the regionality is particularly strong and diverse. Because of this difference in natural environment, it will inevitably lead to differences in economic development and lifestyle, and then lead to differences in residents' temperament, customs, consciousness, concepts and aesthetic tastes. Since ancient times, Wu people have been beautiful, gentle, smart and elegant. Later, with the repeated northern wars in history, a large number of northern landlords, bureaucrats and writers moved to Wu again and again, and their living habits deepened the above characteristics of Wu people in Wu. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Wu's urban economy and urban gentry were unprecedentedly prosperous. Especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Suzhou, the center of Wudi, became China's "No.1 Metropolis" in population, wealth, industrial and agricultural production, domestic and foreign trade, culture, education, academics, art and other major fields. The seeds of capitalism in China were bred here, which made the Wu culture particularly rich in connotation, more distinctive in characteristics and very strong in vitality, radiating to many countries and regions in China, and even overseas. Suzhou City was built in 5 14 BC, and is the "first ancient city in China" (the second ancient city is Chengdu). The circumference of the city is nearly forty miles, which is similar to that of Luoyang, the capital at that time. The pattern of land and water double chessboard is unique. There are so many palaces, gardens, temples, tea rooms, restaurants, rivers and bridges in the city that there is no other city like Cologne. About 2500 years ago, people worshipped Confucius as a disciple, and after returning to Wu, they vigorously spread Confucian knowledge, which was called "Nanzong". There are many schools in Wudi County in Han Dynasty, and the sound of reading is endless. The imperial examination system was established in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and special schools appeared. In the Song Dynasty, various schools such as county studies, village studies, foreign studies, and temple studies appeared all over the country, and academies hosted by literati also took martial arts as their glory. There were seven or eight hundred social science schools in Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty, especially in the Qing Dynasty, where all children could go to school. Wu people love reading, which has become a traditional atmosphere. It is precisely because of this profound and extensive educational foundation that the number of scholars and champions in Suzhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties ranked first in the country. There are generations of outstanding writers here: Lu Ji, Zhao Ming Xiaotong, Wei, Lu Guimeng, Fan Zhongyan, Fan Chengda, Gao Qi, Feng Menglong, Jin Shengtan and so on. Sanyan, a master of popular literature, occupies a high position in the history of China literature. Feng's Comments: The collection, arrangement and creation of The Book of Songs have a historic contribution. Wu Ge is a folk song written by Wu people, especially lower-class laborers. Its form, content and appeal are far better than the famous Liu Sanjie folk songs. It has a long history. During the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan admired the beauty of Wu Ge, which had a great historical and social impact. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were geisha who specialized in singing Wu Ge in major cities in China, such as the famous Wang Cuiqiao, Chen Yuanyuan and Tong Xiaowan. Emperor Chongzhen's favorite concubines, Tian Fei and Yuan Fei, also used this technique to please the emperor. At that time, it was a fashion for ordinary people to sing Wu Ge. Laughter is one of the oldest languages in China, and it has remained stable to this day. Lu Deming, a phonetician in Tang Dynasty, often used five tones to annotate ancient classics. Wu dialect has enjoyed the reputation of "waxy, soft, sweet and crisp" since the pre-Qin period, and Emperor Jingchang was also proud of being able to speak Wu dialect effectively. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was a fashion for most upper-class people, especially women such as concubines and famous prostitutes, and for opera actors and Jianghu artists. Drama and folk art are unique. The famous Kunqu Opera was born in the Ming Dynasty, and Suzhou has since become the most important birthplace and base camp of China's traditional drama. The number of playwrights, scripts and actors has a great influence, ranking among the best in the country and still attracting attention at home and abroad. Pingtan combines Pinghua with Tanci, speaks Wu dialect and draws lessons from novels, operas, poems, music, cross talk and other forms of expression. It is a comprehensive art that combines speaking, answering, playing, singing and acting, and is deeply loved by the masses. There is also China's light music "Bamboo in the South of the Yangtze River", which is unique in the music world. Wuzhong classical garden is winding and quiet, small and exquisite, and changeable. It is poetic in conception, layout and modeling, and the beauty of art and nature are harmonious and unified. Urban architecture and residents' fashion habits pay attention to artistry and elegance, which is a major feature of Wu people. Wumen's painting and calligraphy art is universally recognized. China, Zhu Zhishan, Tang Bohu and Wen Zhiming were admired by people at home and abroad when they were alive. At that time, people in Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia all regarded winning the paintings and calligraphy works of Shen, Tang and Wen as the honor of life. Historically, exquisite craftsmanship is not only unique in China, but also deeply impressed people at home and abroad in silk, embroidery, wood and stone carving, lighting and fan making. Silk and embroidery are exquisite, mahogany furniture and carving skills are unparalleled. Suzhou lanterns and Suzhou fans have enjoyed the reputation of being the first in history for a long time. Here are only two small examples to see the whole leopard. 1 as the phase. Mud is kneaded into faces of various figures, limbs are made of camphor wood, hands and feet can move, and agricultural ornaments of the four seasons are added to form various artistic scenes. It applies the skills of China Tang Dynasty sculptor Yang Huizhi and spreads them to family culture, which is of great social significance. Imitate the customer's appearance, even the small scar on the forehead can be squeezed out, which is very beautiful. (2) There was a workshop in Shantang Street in the early Qing Dynasty, which could use a clockwork as the power to produce advanced toys such as "the boy worships Guanyin" and "the moth flutters the moon". Not only the limbs, eyes and mouth of the characters can move, but even Xiaoyumian in the middle of the month can stir up medicine. "Wonderful workmanship, unparalleled in the country" is indeed a true portrayal of history. Wuzhong's food culture is famous all over the country for its high, refined, elegant and rare. Wudi not only has its own "Su Bang Cuisine" and a large number of high-end restaurants, but also is famous for ordinary people paying attention to daily dishes. Historically, "boat dishes" have special local characteristics of water towns. Suzhou's traditional snacks, cakes and sweets have been praised by people at home and abroad for their variety, complete categories, excellent texture, delicious taste and ingenious shape for thousands of years. The folk customs of Wu in the cornucopia of human landscape are another representative of Wu culture. Historically, it is famous all over the country for its richness, richness, richness and interest. Whether it is food, clothing, housing and transportation, productive labor, marriage and love, life etiquette, life and death, seasonal drama, etc., it is unique in many aspects and has a high grade. For example, in the Mid-Autumn Festival in August in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in addition to enjoying the moon and eating lotus roots, an all-night national opera singing competition was held on Huqiu Mountain. Another example is the annual "Meet-and-Meet" held in Shantang Street in Tomb-Sweeping Day, July 30th and early October of/kloc-0, which is like the biggest carnival in many western countries. Its content is peculiar and rich, and its traditional color is bright and strong. China's ancient folk song "The Great Nine Rings", "There is heaven above, Suzhou and Hangzhou below, West Lake in Hangzhou and Shantang in Suzhou, two good places ...", is enough to prove this point. To sum up, it can be seen that Wu culture is a local culture characterized by "wisdom and art". It has five essential attributes: water culture, ten fish culture, ten rice culture, ten silkworm culture and ten boat culture. It was also conceived in the great mother womb of Chinese culture, which is "respecting the group, responding to morality, paying attention to harmony and advocating the golden mean". This unity of personality and * * * condenses its social and cultural characteristics of "beauty, delicacy, softness, cleverness and elegance". It is precisely because of this unique social and cultural characteristics that the material civilization and spiritual civilization of Wudi Wu people have flourished for thousands of years, and they are also more open, absorbed and integrated than other local cultures. So it can also be regarded as an economical culture. Excellent Wu culture will surely make greater and greater contributions to the four modernizations and the reunification of the motherland.