Keywords: automatic weather station; Fault judgment; Maintenance and management
The weather station is an important meteorological observation system. Early meteorological monitoring mostly collected data and information by manual monitoring. However, with the continuous progress of society and the continuous development of science and technology, meteorological stations have entered the stage of automation development, relying on electronic equipment and computer facilities to collect and process meteorological data, improving the accuracy and representativeness of the data. Because the automatic weather station runs continuously in the process of use, it is inevitable that it will fail. Once a fault occurs, it will lead to data deviation or lack of information. Therefore, it is of great significance for weather stations to diagnose faults quickly and solve them in time.
1, automatic weather station fault diagnosis
If you want to know the cause of the weather station failure, you must first understand the basic composition of the weather station. Only by knowing the composition of the weather station can we diagnose and solve the fault.
1. 1 Basic composition of automatic weather station
Automatic weather station is mainly composed of sensor, power supply system, collector, main control microcomputer and communication components. The sensors mainly include wind direction sensor, wind speed sensor, temperature and humidity sensor and rainfall sensor. The power supply system uses alternating current to charge the battery, the power board controls the charging, and the battery supplies power to the collector.
1.2 automatic weather station fault diagnosis
(1) sensor failure
The sensor is composed of sensitive elements and converters, which are mainly devices that sense the weather changes and convert them into output signals according to certain rules.
① Rainfall sensor failure
The failure phenomenon of rainfall sensor is firstly blocked, and secondly the reed switch is damaged. Inspection method: firstly, check whether the water-saving device is blocked, secondly, check whether the tipping bucket can rotate normally, thirdly, check whether the reed switch works, and finally, check whether its reading is accurate by water injection method.
(2) wind direction and wind speed sensor failure.
Check whether the connector is tightened first, and then check whether the cable is damaged or not. If not, check whether the rotation is inflexible due to excessive friction of the rotating shaft.
(2) Fault of current collector
When the collector is not working, first check whether the collector power supply is normal, and then check whether the collector power supply fuse is blown. The fault of the collector can be judged according to the front indicator light, and the two lights flash once every second, indicating that they are working normally.
(3) Power failure
First check whether the red indicator light on the panel is on, whether the green indicator light is flashing or on, and then check whether the battery voltage is normal. If everything is all right, check whether there is voltage output from the power outlet. If there is no output, there is a fault.
(4) Main control microcomputer failure
If the main microcomputer can't communicate normally, close the software first, and check whether the communication line is in poor contact and whether the communication network is out of order. If the system communication is normal, there may be a problem with the data service list. Please ask the data administrator to solve this problem.
2, automatic weather station maintenance management measures
The maintenance and management of automatic weather stations should start from three aspects:
2. 1 weather station hardware maintenance. The hardware of weather station involves a lot of equipment, and the installation of hardware directly determines the function of the whole weather station. Therefore, the maintenance and management of hardware is very important, and the following aspects should be paid attention to:
(1) collector
Collector is the key equipment of automatic weather station and belongs to the core of automatic weather station. It affects the whole data collection of automatic weather station. To maintain this equipment, it is necessary to make regular inspections and conduct a comprehensive and detailed inspection of the whole structure, such as opening it to see if there is dust, insects and so on. If there is, it must be removed; Check whether the connection between the collector and the computer is tight; If the data of the collector is abnormal, it should be reset in time. If the reset problem cannot be solved, you can clear and restart the memory. If it cannot be solved, the current record must be made and reported in time.
(2) Sensor
Sensors can collect real-time information about sensation and transmit different data information. In the process of maintenance, the impurities in the sensor should be cleaned, and the dust in the box should be checked by the temperature and humidity sensor, and filtering measures should be taken to deal with it.
(3) Power supply
Automatic weather stations must have enough power supply to run continuously, so the maintenance of power supply is also very necessary. The person in charge of the weather station needs to check the power supply regularly and must maintain a stable, continuous and undisturbed power supply. For the standby power supply, it should be discharged once a month to prevent the loss caused by the failure of the weather station due to poor power contact or line disconnection.
(4) Computer
Computer is the basis of automatic operation of automatic weather station. Only when the computer runs normally can the automatic weather station realize automation, such as the maintenance of the computer, the normal operation of the network, the integrity of real-time data, and whether the dates of the computer and the collector are consistent.
2.2 Lightning protection maintenance of weather stations
Lightning accidents caused by lightning are very serious, so lightning protection is an important strategy for the maintenance of meteorological stations. In order to ensure the normal operation of meteorological system, it is necessary to implement targeted lightning protection measures to fundamentally solve the problem.
(1) grounding protection
Grounding lightning protection is one of the common ways of lightning protection technology. Through grounding, the strong electricity of weather station is introduced into the earth to achieve lightning protection effect.
(2) Surge protection
This protection is not common in weather stations, but it is also indispensable in maintenance. Lightning may be introduced into the automatic weather station from the signal line and power line, which will bring damage to the weather station. Surge protection is adopted to avoid introducing lightning waves.
(3) shielding protection
Because the automatic weather station is processed by computer equipment, different tests should be done in the initial design and maintenance to avoid the influence of some external interference signals, thus protecting the weather station.
(4) Equipment protection
Lightning protection technology can play a role in the normal operation of all equipment, so meteorological station staff need to check regularly, deal with common problems in time, and replace them in time if the problems are serious, so as to better strengthen lightning protection work.
2.3 weather station data maintenance
(1) weather station parameter backup
Back up the parameters of the automatic weather station, so that the normal operation of the weather station can be quickly restored when the fault occurs again. In general, the backup will be placed in the specified folder, and the folder will be updated in time when the parameters change. The weather station staff should remember the user name and password.
(2) Take data backup.
After the daily observation, it is necessary to back up the data. In order to avoid overwriting the previous data due to improper operation, it is necessary to record the daily data in an independent directory.
(3) Daily monitoring and data processing
The test data of weather stations should be compared with the test data of manual stations according to regulations. If problems are found, the data should be checked according to the weather conditions at that time, and the reasons for abnormal and out-of-tolerance data should be found and investigated. The staff should record the abnormal data in time.
3. Concluding remarks
Automatic weather stations should strengthen daily maintenance, eliminate hidden dangers in time and reduce failures. When solving the fault, we must record the details and summarize them constantly to improve the maintenance and management level of the automatic weather station.
References:
[1] Du Jinfang, common faults of automatic weather stations and their treatment [J]. Beijing Agriculture, 20 12(2).
Jia Zhenguo, Maintenance Strategy of Modern Automatic Weather Station [J]. Science and Technology Communication, 20 1 1(5).
Wang, Principles and Methods of Daily Maintenance and Troubleshooting of Automatic Weather Stations [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 20 12(5).