Writing is the symbol of recording language and the carrier of human civilization. Among the world languages, Chinese characters in China are unique, with a trinity symbol system of form, sound and meaning. It has a long history and has never been interrupted since ancient times, which is unmatched by any other language.
Beautiful Chinese characters show the great wisdom and creation of the Chinese nation, and they are symbols of profound China culture. Chinese characters not only promote the development of Chinese culture, but also make indelible contributions to world civilization.
Here, you will embark on a luxurious journey of China characters, witness the whole process of the occurrence, development and evolution of Chinese characters in the vast history, and appreciate the unique charm of Chinese characters. At the same time, you can also enjoy the characters of many ethnic minorities in the big family of Chinese nation, which are an important part of China characters. Finally, you can see the vitality of ancient Chinese characters in the information age.
I'm sure you'll be glad you came, and you'll get spiritual enjoyment while gaining knowledge. We are now entering the preface hall. The first thing you see is the altar, the sacred flame and the holy light, symbolizing that the blazing flame with China characters lit the light of ancient China civilization. Under its guidance, the Chinese nation has continuously explored and created a splendid Chinese civilization.
On the East Wall, you can see the development of Chinese characters, including carved symbols, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, inscriptions on bronze, seal script, official script and regular script. As well as minority languages, together constitute a hundred gardens of Chinese characters. On the opposite wall, there are words of other civilizations in the world, which complement the words of China.
On the ground, you can also enjoy flying Chinese characters. The preface hall is like a gorgeous prelude to a drama, which gives people a sense of shock. When its curtain falls slowly, it will be a visual feast waiting for you.
Let's talk about the first part: the origin of Chinese characters. With regard to the origin of ancient and modern Chinese characters, Cang Xie's word-making theory was the most popular in ancient China. This is a portrait of Cang Xie in Ming Dynasty. Cang Xie lived in the era of the Yellow Emperor, one of the five emperors in ancient China. In fact, he should be the leader of a tribal alliance in the Central Plains four or five thousand years ago. He teamed up with Yan Di tribes to defeat the Jiuli people who invaded the Central Plains, making the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Cang Xie is a historian who studies the Yellow Emperor. It is said that he created Chinese characters on the orders of the Yellow Emperor. Xu Shen, a philologist in Han Dynasty, wrote in Shuo Wen Jie Zi? The preface said, "The Yellow Emperor thanked me for his history, and when he saw the hoof tracks of birds and beasts, he knew the difference and made a book agreement first. "This means that Cang Xie was inspired by the different footprints of birds and animals and created characters.
Cang Xie is regarded as the god who created Chinese characters, and he is honored as the "ancestor of Chinese characters". Its image is also very strange, with four eyes.
People worship him very much. There is more than one tomb in Cang Xie alone, and an ancestral temple has been built for him. This is a photo of Cangjie Tomb in Kaifeng, Henan Province and Cangjie Tomb Temple in Baishui, Shaanxi Province.
In fact, Cang Xie is just a legend. Whether he exists or not is also debated in academic circles. Chinese characters can't be created by him alone, because words are social and established. If Cang Xie really exists, his contribution is only to unify the writing. So, how did Chinese characters come into being? In recent years, Chinese characters originated from pictures and became more and more popular.
In order to record daily activities and events, ancient ancestors used pictures to express them, such as drawing nets and fish when fishing and drawing seedlings when planting. This kind of graphic writing has also appeared in other ancient civilizations, such as cuneiform writing in West Asia and hieroglyphics in Egypt, all of which belong to the companion of early human civilization.
With the vigorous development of archaeology, in recent decades, most Neolithic sites all over China have found carved or painted symbols on pottery, including a few symbols carved on Oracle Bone Inscriptions, jade and stone tools. These symbols are not only vivid pictures, but also abstract narrative elements, and there are a large number of symbols representing numbers. Their findings provide an important basis for explaining the origin of Chinese characters.
In our exhibition, we listed the carved symbols representing different cultures unearthed in various places. The culture mentioned here is archaeological culture. In archaeology, archaeological materials from different regions but with the same era and cultural characteristics are classified into a cultural type and named after the earliest discovered place, such as Yangshao culture, which was first discovered in Mianchi Village, Yangshao, Henan Province, and represented by painted pottery. Later, in the same period, painted pottery in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces was discovered one after another, collectively known as Yangshao culture.
At present, the earliest carving symbols found in China were unearthed at Jiahu site in Wuyang, Henan Province, belonging to the early Peiligang culture, about 9000 to 7500 years ago. The symbols carved on tortoise shells, bone implements, stone tools and pottery have certain ideographic functions and should be regarded as the ancestors of Chinese characters.
The carved symbols of Yangshao culture in Banpo, Xi, Shaanxi Province discovered by 1953 date from 7000 to 6000 years ago, and there are 27 kinds of * * *, which is the earliest carved symbol discovered in new China archaeology. Most of the carved symbols on cultural pottery in Dawenkou, Shandong Province, 5,000 years ago were images, such as "the sun", "the moon" and "the mountain". Some of them often used vermicelli to draw or add small circles to highlight the functions of symbols, which may reflect some special social significance.
A pottery basin engraved with symbols in Longshan culture period was unearthed in Zouping 1992, Shandong Province, about 4 100-4200 years ago. Its symbols were carved after pottery was fired, and the strokes were slender and smooth, which was quite similar to the later cursive script and obviously different from the symbols of Yangshao and Dawenkou cultures. A flat pot in the late Longshan culture was found in Taosi, Shanxi. The symbol above is interpreted by experts as the word "Wen", and the circle next to it is the sound of modern "Yuan" and "Yuan".
Coincidentally, the bottom of a pottery unearthed at the Wang Chenggang site in Dengfeng, Henan Province, which is equivalent to the Xia Dynasty, is also engraved with symbols similar to ancient Chinese characters. This is a basic configuration of ancient Chinese characters, and experts have designated it as "* * *". Although there are not many such examples, it is an important signal for the invention of Chinese characters and the arrival of civilized society.
This is a carved symbol found in Neolithic sites in the Yangtze River valley, such as Daxi and Qujialing cultures in Hubei.
2. Famous sayings of the museum The motto on the wall of the Washington Children's Museum is: "I heard it, and I forgot. I saw it. I remember it. I know, I understand. "
"I heard it and forgot it; Seeing it reminds me; I have done it, I understand. "
Actually, I think we should add, I think and I can.
What you hear is sound (pure auditory stimulation), what you see is scenes or graphics (visual and auditory stimulation), what you have done is experience (visual, auditory, tactile and other sensory stimuli can form a successful or failed experience), and what you have thought about is branding (internalizing with transcendental knowledge and experience, the more you think, the deeper the branding, the higher the internalization degree). Psychological research shows: "We can remember 10% of the information we have read;" We can remember 15% of the information we hear; But we can remember more than 80% of our personal experiences. "
In today's society, information is like passing clouds, and it is really difficult to leave anything in the brain, so simple listening can only play a temporary memory, and over time, it will inevitably be forgotten; Seeing it, people can remember more information by stimulating the right brain image thinking area; If you have done it once, by mobilizing various organs and senses of the body (not just hearing and vision) and thinking of the brain, you will leave people with not only information, but also experience, no matter whether this experience is successful or not; If we think, summarize and induce in the process and later stage, and fully mobilize the neurons in the brain, we can not only make information and experience a long-term memory, but also synthesize it with transcendental knowledge and experience in the brain and internalize it into our own knowledge, ability and personality, so that it can be integrated and flexibly respond to external changes. This is the so-called purpose of education, as the famous American psychologist B.F. Skinner said, "Education is something that survives when what you have learned is forgotten." If we forget everything we have learned, what remains is the essence of education. )
Xunzi, an important representative of China's ancient Confucianism, also had similar words in the book Xunzi Confucian Effect:
If you don't smell, if you don't smell, if you don't look, if you don't know, if you know, you can't do it. When you do it, it will be clear. Ming is a saint. Sages are also benevolent. When they treat right and wrong, they will do what they say, without losing a penny. There is no other way to do it. Therefore, it will be ridiculous to smell it but not see it; Seeing it without knowing it, although knowing it will be false; If you know what you are doing, you will be trapped. If you don't smell it, you will be right and the road will be sleepy. -"Xunzi Confucianism"
3. Help write an article about Hubei Provincial Museum. Our Chinese nation has a history of five thousand years. As the saying goes, "Only Chu is talented", Hubei is a former Chu State, and it must have a long history and culture. On Labor Day, my family came to Hubei Provincial Museum to visit ancient cultural relics and learn more about them.
When I came to the museum, I was stunned by what I saw. The blue tile roof and gray walls make the museum building have strong national characteristics. The museum is divided into the left hall and the right hall of the main hall, and each large exhibition hall has 3~8 small exhibition halls, which shows that its scale is very grand. My mother told me: "Here, you can touch the context of history."
We visited the left pavilion first, and I was attracted by a finely crafted sword. On closer inspection, it turned out to be the famous sword of Gou Jian, the King of Yue. This sword is 55.7 cm long, four sides, beautifully decorated and extremely sharp, and it still shines after more than 2,000 years. This is the sword of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, and it is called "the first sword in the world". Just after reading this magnificent sword, an eye-catching man on the right rode a camel lamp, which made me feel how smart and great our ancestors were. A man riding a camel lamp is a bronze man riding a bronze camel with a lamp on his head. People can put candles on the lights for lighting. This lamp is small and exquisite, cleverly designed and lifelike. Even now, it is difficult to make such exquisite handicrafts. How did our ancestors do it? Although this bronze lamp has rusted, it has placed the hope of its ancestors. Riding camel lights is an unforgettable cultural relic for me.
After visiting the left pavilion, we visited the main hall and the right pavilion. Among them, there are famous national treasures such as bells chimed by Zeng Houyi, skulls of Yunxian people, four love figure plum bottles by Yuan Qinghua, and other ceramics, bronzes, lacquered wood, bamboo slips, weapons, ancient musical instruments, gold jade articles, ancient calligraphy and paintings, and ancient coins.
After visiting the museum, I learned a lot. I really came home with a full load! As a modern "Chu people", I feel extremely proud and proud. I believe that we can also create a more brilliant tomorrow for Chu culture and Chinese culture.
4. Introduction to the Composition of Anyang Museum 50 words China Literature Museum is located in Anyang, a famous historical and cultural city, one of the eight ancient capitals in China.
At 8: 30 in the morning, we drove to China Literature Museum. From a distance, he looks like a giant, standing in Anyang.
Walking forward, we came to the front of the museum. In front of us is a tall and magnificent building. There are 8 big columns and 12 small columns in front.
The shape of the museum is taken from hieroglyphics. The supervision adopts the gluttonous and plain embossed jinding in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, which is a group of buildings with the flavor of the times.
Walking into the museum, I saw the glittering Chinese characters-China Literature Museum. When I came to the preface hall, I saw four large reliefs, which were detailed and vivid.
Into the 1 exhibition hall-a piece of Oracle bones is shocking. Oracle Bone Inscriptions has a long history, and I gradually realized the long history of China characters.
Finally, in the interactive hall on the second floor, I felt the taste of the ancients, holding a brush and writing Xuan paper, as if I were a great calligrapher. Among the ancient Chinese characters, Chinese characters have been handed down to this day and carried forward.
China Chinese Character Museum is a temple built by the descendants of Oracle Bone Inscriptions as the birthplace of Chinese characters in China! From then on, China's character had his own home.