Garlic has a long growth period and needs more fertilizer, so it should be mastered that "organic fertilizer is the main one, supplemented by chemical fertilizer;" According to the principle of "base fertilizer is the main fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing", 5000kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 75kg of cake fertilizer 100kg, 50kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, 25kg of diammonium phosphate 15kg of garlic multi-element micro-fertilizer are generally applied every 667m2. Pay attention to soil miscellaneous fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, trace fertilizer and so on. And plow them into the soil. Cake fertilizer and diammonium can be used as seed fertilizer.
Second, sow in time to improve quality.
1. Select seeds and sow them in different grades. According to the characteristics of varieties, garlic with large head, large petals and even petals was selected as seeds. Before sowing, the petals are broken and classified to remove moldy, moth-eaten and broken garlic cloves. Generally, it is divided into three grades according to large, medium and small. When sowing, first sow 1 seed (with a hundred petals weighing about 500g) and then sow 2 seeds (with a hundred petals weighing about 400g). Separate the seeds, don't mix them. Three-stage petals are generally not used as seeds, and can be used to produce garlic seedlings and garlic yellow.
2. Sowing in time According to years of experiments, the most suitable sowing date of Cangshan garlic is 65438+1early October, that is, around the cold dew. During this period, the daily average temperature is 16 ~ 17℃, and the ground temperature at a depth of 5 cm is about 18℃. Generally, the seedlings emerge in 8 ~ 10 days after sowing, and complete in 13 days. Before winter, it is a strong seedling with 5 leaves 1 heart, developed root system and strong ability to resist freezing injury. In the next spring, it will turn green quickly and grow sturdily.
3. Scientific sowing requires that the ditching depth should be about 10cm, the sowing depth should be 6-7cm, the depth, row spacing and plant spacing should be uniform, and garlic cloves should be oriented, planted straight and planted stably, that is, the ventral back of garlic cloves should be parallel to the rows, which can make full use of space and improve the utilization rate of light energy. Sow garlic cloves evenly after planting, and immediately water them with water and solid soil to promote garlic cloves to take root and sprout. When the water content is too little or too late, the seed petals are easily exposed at the top of the root group and are vulnerable to freezing injury in winter.
4. Ensure the appropriate planting density according to local conditions, and determine the planting density according to sowing date, soil fertility, production conditions, management level and other factors. Experiments for many years showed that the suitable planting density of Cangshan garlic was 23.5 ~ 45,000 plants per 667 m, the row spacing was 18 ~ 2 1cm, and the plant spacing was 6 ~ 7.5 cm. The width of the border depends on the watering conditions. For electric irrigation or mechanical irrigation, the width of the border is 100 ~ 150 cm, 5 ~ 8 rows are planted in each border, and the ridge is high. Artificial irrigation, the width of the border is 60 ~ 80 cm, and 3 ~ 4 rows are planted in each border.
Third, strengthen field management to ensure high and stable yield. The emphasis of field management is water and fertilizer regulation and integrated pest control.
1. During sowing management, 2kg of 50% prochloraz or 50% prochloraz 100 ~ 150 g water can be added every 667m2, and the seeds can be mixed evenly. Control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. After sowing, 1 ~ 2 times of 80% dichlorvos or 1500 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion can be sprayed to control onion flies. Water for 2 ~ 3 times before emergence, and water for 2 times after the seedlings grow completely, and hoe the soil as appropriate to promote the growth of seedlings and lay a solid foundation for overwintering. After "light snow", watering 1 time for overwintering, weeding the soil to keep water content, covering some weeds, keeping warm and protecting seedlings, and overwintering safely.
2. Management of Greening Period In the middle of February of the following year, that is, before the "fright", the temperature rose and the garlic seedlings turned green. Before and after the vernal equinox, the grass cover should be removed, and the ridge should be well supported. 667m2 of miscellaneous fertilizer should be added to the soil, and 3000kg of potassium fertilizer or diammonium phosphate should be added to the ground, and then ploughing and watering should be carried out to eliminate weeds as appropriate. In order to control ground maggots, 700-fold solution of 40% methyl isofenphos or 0/500-fold solution of 40% phoxim/kloc can be used for root irrigation.
3. Management of young garlic shoot growth period If there is no topdressing or lack of fertilizer in the early stage, 667m2 diammonium phosphate 15kg can be topdressing. After that, water the fields in stages, keep them moist, and pay attention to hoeing, loosening soil and pulling weeds. From late March to early April, spray 80% dichlorvos or 40% dimethoate emulsion 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days, and spray it twice continuously to control onion flies and aphids. Spraying 50% Sukeling wettable powder 1500 ~ 2000 times solution to control garlic gray mold in mid-April; 40% carbendazim 500 times solution or 60% amber? Spraying 600 times of triethylphosphine aluminum solution to control leaf blight, spraying 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days, generally spraying continuously for 2 ~ 3 times.
4. After bolting in garlic expansion period, the growth of roots, stems and leaves tends to decline, and the growth of garlic enters the peak of expansion. Water 1 time after picking, and water 2-3 times before harvesting to keep the ground moist, so as to meet the later water demand of garlic, and spray preventive drugs (such as sukeling) once to consolidate the disease prevention effect and ensure the garlic harvest.
4. There are three harvesting standards for timely harvesting garlic bolts. One is that the hook of garlic bolt is a large scale hook, and the upper and lower bracts should be 4 ~ 5 cm long and in a horizontal state (called bolting); Second, the bud is obviously enlarged, the color changes from green to yellow, and then turns white (called white bud); Thirdly, the young garlic shoots of 4 ~ 6 cm near the leaf sheath turn yellow (called yellow throwing). Generally, it is ideal to harvest at noon and afternoon on sunny days. When bolting, the garlic leaves are mainly protected, especially the flag leaves, to prevent the leaves from being broken and affect the expansion and growth of garlic.
Most leaves at the base of garlic plant are dry, the upper leaves begin to fade, and then gradually dry from the tip to the leaf body, and the plant is in a soft state. If the garlic bolt is pressed to the ground at a certain position, it is not brittle and has toughness, indicating that the garlic is ripe. When harvesting, it should be pulled gently, not knocked or touched, so as not to damage garlic and reduce commodity value and storage.